Identificación relacional entre las actitudes de tolerancia social y la efectividad de la lucha contra lacorrupción (Huaura, 2019)

Objetivo: Identificar la relación existente entre las actitudes de tolerancia social y la efectividad de la lucha contra la corrupción en la provincia de Huaura (2019). Métodos: Se parte de una observación de actitudes traducidas en comportamientos tendientes a la tolerancia social hacia la corrupción. Resultados: a nivel nacional, los resultados estadísticos refieren que el 72% de los peruanos se encuentra en un estado de tolerancia media, y un 6% de tolerancia alta hacia el problema de la corrupción. Es decir, un 78% acepta convivir con este flagelo”. Se comprueba la no existencia de una correlación entre mayores actitudes de aceptación de los actos de corrupción con una menor efectividad de la lucha contra la corrupción en la provincia de Huaura, partiendo de un 57.3% de los encuestados (86) rechaza la actitud de aceptar los actos de corrupción en el país, frente a un 68% (102 personas) que se encuentran de acuerdo con mostrarse condescendientes con los actos de corrupción ocurridos en el Perú. Conclusión: La tolerancia social hacia las prácticas corruptas pasa por un proceso de aceptación de la existencia del fenómeno, transita por la actitud de condescendencia en la medida que el individuo se topa con la imposibilidad de hacer algo y termina adaptándose al contexto imperante representado por la expresión “roba, pero hace obras”

Calculating the redistributive impact of pension systems in LAC

This paper examines the implicit subsidies within pension systems across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. We first calculate the theoretical benefits of pension for hypothetical workers in 25 countries in LAC. We show that, on average, LAC's pension systems are subsidized, as they provide pensions above what workers would have obtained by investing pension contributions in a safe asset. Similarly, pension systems are designed to be progressive by offering higher replacement rates (pensions relative to earnings) for low-income workers. Despite this progressivity, in some countries, absolute subsidies could be higher for high-income workers. This occurs because the cost of one percentage point of the replacement increases with the average pension. Second, using data from social protection surveys, we estimate the incidence of pension systems in five LAC countries. We show that, on average, all five systems provide important subsidies to those workers who obtain a pension. However, given the high levels of informal work, in some countries, those subsidies are highly concentrated among high-income workers. Variation is large across countries. The three highest labor income deciles concentrate 70-95% of all subsidies in defined benefit systems such as Paraguay and Colombia. In defined contribution systems, subsidies are much more progressive, but still, because low-income workers do not qualify for minimum pensions, between 50-60% of subsidies concentrate in the high-income deciles. Countries like Chile, with explicit subsidies targeted at the bottom of the income distribution, obtain a more progressive distribution of subsidies. Because of relatively low participation rates, women have a weaker link with the pension system. They are also less likely to benefit from implicit subsidies. Finally, we show that non-contributory pensions, if well-targeted, largely improve the redistributive properties of pension systems in LAC

Evaluación de genotipos ecuatorianos de Capsicum spp. ante infestaciones de Bemisia tabaci

The genus Capsicum, native to tropical and subtropical America, belongs to the Solanaceae family, which includes commercially important vegetables such as chilies and green peppers. The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes losses to vegetables including Capsicum species. Among the alternatives of pest control, an effective, economical, and environmentally compatible method is the resistance of the host plant. Infestation by B. tabaci was evaluated in 73 Capsicum genotypes, corresponding to the species C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. sinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens from an Ecuadorian genebank. Eighty-four percent of the C. baccatum genotypes evaluated showed the highest population densities of B. tabaci, while all the genotypes of C. sinense and C. frutescens had the lowest values (p < 0.05). The non-preference of adults and the scarce oviposition of B. tabaci on genotypes of C. sinense and C. frutescens suggests resistance due to antixenosis. These results could guide breeding programs for the resistance of Capsicum species to B. tabaci infestations.El género Capsicum es nativo de América tropical y subtropical, pertenece a la familia Solanaceae e incluye ajíes y pimientos, que son hortalizas comercialmente importantes. La mosca blanca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) ocasiona pérdidas en hortalizas incluyendo especies de Capsicum. Entre las alternativas de control de plagas, un método eficaz, económico y ambientemente compatible es la resistencia de la planta hospedera. Se evaluó la infestación por B. tabaci en 73 genotipos de Capsicum nativos de Ecuador, correspondientes a las especies C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens y C. pubescens, provenientes de un banco de germoplasma ecuatoriano. El 84% de los genotipos de C. baccatum evaluados mostraron las mayores densidades poblacionales de B. tabaci, mientras que los menores valores los tuvieron todos los genotipos de C. sinense y C. frutescens (p < 0.05). La no preferencia de adultos y la escasa oviposición de B. tabaci sobre genotipos de C. sinense y C. frutescens sugiere resistencia por antixenosis. Estos resultados podrían orientar programas de mejoramiento genético para la resistencia de especies de Capsicum ante infestaciones por B. tabaci

Optimización de la gestión de producción de productos plásticos mediante un dashboard interactivo integrado con Node-RED y Salesforce

El presente trabajo aborda la implementación de un dashboard en la plataforma Salesforce en la que se pueden visualizar y analizar la información proveniente de sensores y parámetros de inyección de una máquina inyectora de plástico. Esto se desarrolla mediante la integración Node-RED, un software basado en Node.js, como intermediario entre los datos recopilados por la inyectora y Salesforce, una plataforma capaz de alojar una gran base de datos de forma flexible y procesar esta data según requerimientos. Para ello, se realiza la inyección hacia un dispositivo que cuenta con el software Node-RED instalado, en este caso una PC. Asimismo, se utiliza una librería de código abierto para la interconexión con la organización de Salesforce. Posteriormente, la data periódicamente enviada a Salesforce, se guarda en atributos de los objetos customizados los cuales finalmente se mostrarán en un dashboard, de forma en que se pueda visualizar fácilmente el histórico de las variables consideradas, para tener un mejor entendimiento y poder saber el status de la planta y su eficacia de producción diaria, estos datos se actualizan prácticamente en tiempo real. Esta integración entre la máquina inyectora, Node-RED y Salesforce brinda múltiples beneficios. Por un lado, permite la toma decisiones de la gestión de la máquina en base a las variables de la misma mostradas de forma customizada, con fines de mantenimiento. Por otro lado, genera un histórico de la forma en que se utilizó la máquina en un periodo definido, para fines comerciales.The present work addresses the implementation of a dashboard on the Salesforce platform, where information from sensors and injection parameters of a plastic injection machine can be visualized and analyzed. This is achieved through the integration of NodeRED, a software based on Node.js, as an intermediary between the data collected by the injection machine and Salesforce, a platform capable of hosting a large and flexible database and processing this data according to requirements. To accomplish this, the data from the injection machine is directed to a device with the NodeRED software installed, in this case, a PC. Likewise, an open-source library is utilized for the interconnection with the Salesforce organization. Subsequently, the data sent to Salesforce periodically is stored in attributes of customized objects, which will ultimately be displayed on a dashboard. This presentation allows for an easy visualization of the historical data related to the considered variables, aiming to provide a better understanding and to ascertain the status of the plant and its daily production efficiency. These data updates occur almost in real-time. This integration among the injection machine, NodeRED, and Salesforce provides multiple benefits. On one hand, it enables decision-making regarding machine management based on the customized presentation of its variables, primarily for maintenance purposes. On the other hand, it generates a record of how the machine was utilized over a defined period, serving commercial purposes.Trabajo de suficiencia profesiona

Percepción del perfil profesional en la designación de funcionarios de confianza en la Red de Salud Huamanga y su relación en la gestión institucional, 2022

El desarrollo investigativo Percepción del perfil profesional de los funcionarios de confianza en la Red de Salud Huamanga y su relación en la gestión institucional, 2022 tuvo por objetivo determinar el grado de relación entre la percepción del perfil profesional en la designación de funcionarios de confianza con la gestión institucional de la Red de Salud Huamanga durante el periodo 2018-2022. De ese modo, la metodología se abocó al diseño de no experimentación de corte transaccional, enfoque numérico, niveles dirigidos a la descripción y correlación, técnica encuesta orientada a la muestra de 84 colaboradores administrativos y contables. Al visualizarse los resultados descriptivos, pudo constatarse que para el 55,42 % era inadecuado su percepción del perfil profesional de los funcionarios de confianza, mientras que para el 44,58% regular; asimismo, el 20,24% consideró que era inadecuado la gestión institucional, el 66,67% consideró de regular y el 13,10% de adecuado; por otra parte, se pudo determinar una relación entre las variables tras la aplicación del estadístico Rho de Spearman cuyo grado fue equivalente a 0,722 y p valor igual a 0,000; asimismo, se evidenciaron correlaciones entre la percepción referida con las dimensiones de la gestión institucional (planeación, organización, dirección y control), cuyos grados correlacionales fueron 0,522, 0,656, 0,561 y 0,621, respectivamente, todos con p valor inferior al nivel de significancia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa That Specifically Mediates Chemotaxis Toward α-Ketoglutarate

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous pathogen able to infect humans, animals, and plants. Chemotaxis was found to be associated with the virulence of this and other pathogens. Although established as a model for chemotaxis research, the majority of the 26 P. aeruginosa chemoreceptors remain functionally un-annotated. We report here the identification of PA5072 (named McpK) as chemoreceptor for α-ketoglutarate (αKG). High-throughput thermal shift assays and isothermal titration calorimetry studies (ITC) of the recombinant McpK ligand binding domain (LBD) showed that it recognizes exclusively α-ketoglutarate. The ITC analysis indicated that the ligand bound with positive cooperativity (Kd1 = 301 μM, Kd2 = 81 μM). McpK is predicted to possess a helical bimodular (HBM) type of LBD and this and other studies suggest that this domain type may be associated with the recognition of organic acids. Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) studies revealed that McpK-LBD is present in monomer-dimer equilibrium. Alpha-KG binding stabilized the dimer and dimer self-dissociation constants of 55 μM and 5.9 μM were derived for ligand-free and αKG-bound forms of McpK-LBD, respectively. Ligand-induced LBD dimer stabilization has been observed for other HBM domain containing receptors and may correspond to a general mechanism of this protein family. Quantitative capillary chemotaxis assays demonstrated that P. aeruginosa showed chemotaxis to a broad range of αKG concentrations with maximal responses at 500 μM. Deletion of the mcpK gene reduced chemotaxis over the entire concentration range to close to background levels and wild type like chemotaxis was recovered following complementation. Real-time PCR studies indicated that the presence of αKG does not modulate mcpK expression. Since αKG is present in plant root exudates it was investigated whether the deletion of mcpK altered maize root colonization. However, no significant changes with respect to the wild type strain were observed. The existence of a chemoreceptor specific for αKG may be due to its central metabolic role as well as to its function as signaling molecule. This work expands the range of known chemoreceptor types and underlines the important physiological role of chemotaxis toward tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. [EN]FEDER funds and Fondo Social Europeo through grants from the Junta de Andalucía (grant CVI-7335) and the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness (grant BIO2013-42297). MM was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Postdoctoral Research Program, Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2012-11815).Peer reviewe

Simultaneous environmental manipulations in semi-perfusion cultures of CHO cells producing rh-tPA

Abstract We evaluated the combined effect of decreasing the temperature to a mild hypothermia range (34 and 31\ubaC) and switching to a slowly metabolizable carbon source (glucose substituted by galactose) on the growth and production of a recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rh-tPA) by Chinese hamster ovary cells in batch and semi-perfusion cultures. In batch cultures using glucose as a carbon source, decreasing the temperature caused a reduction in cell growth and an increase in specific productivity of rh-tPA of 32% at 34\ubaC and 55% at 31\ubaC, compared to cultures at 37\ubaC. Similar behaviour was observed in cultures at 34\ubaC using galactose as a carbon source. Nonetheless, at 31\ubaC, the specific productivity of rh-tPA strongly decreased (about 58%) compared to the culture at 37\ubaC. In semi-perfusion culture, the highest rh-tPA specific productivity was obtained at 34\ubaC. Similarly, whether a decrease in the temperature is accompanied of the replacement of glucose by galactose, the rh-tPA specific productivity improved about 112% over that obtained in semi-perfusion culture carried out at 37\ubaC with glucose as the carbon source. A semi-perfusion culture strategy was implemented based on the combined effect of the chosen carbon source and low temperatures, which was a useful approach for enhance the specific productivity of the recombinant protein

The mitochondrial activity of leukocytes from Artibeus jamaicensis bats remains unaltered after several weeks of flying restriction

Bats are the only flying mammals known. They have longer lifespan than other mammals of similar size and weight and can resist high loads of many pathogens, mostly viruses, with no signs of disease. These distinctive characteristics have been attributed to their metabolic rate that is thought to be the result of their flying lifestyle. Compared with non-flying mammals, bats have lower production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. This anti-oxidative vs. oxidative profile may help to explain bat's longer than expected lifespans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect that a significant reduction in flying has on bats leukocytes mitochondrial activity. This was assessed using samples of lymphoid and myeloid cells from peripheral blood from Artibeus jamaicensis bats shortly after capture and up to six weeks after flying deprivation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+), and mitochondrial ROS (mROS) were used as key indicators of mitochondrial activity, while total ROS and glucose uptake were used as additional indicators of cell metabolism. Results showed that total ROS and glucose uptake were statistically significantly lower at six weeks of flying deprivation (p 0.05). These results suggest that bat mitochondria are stable to sudden changes in physical activity, at least up to six weeks of flying deprivation. However, decrease in total ROS and glucose uptake in myeloid cells after six weeks of captivity suggest a compensatory mechanism due to the lack of the highly metabolic demands associated with flying

Prédiction de mouvements des membres supérieurs par analyse des signaux EMG à l’aide des transformées en ondelettes et de Hilbert-Huang

This thesis deals with the analysis of multichannel sEMG signals using wavelet transform, Hilbert-Huang transformation and other signal analysis or processing methods such as Kalman and Goertzel filtering, for detecting, measuring, filtering and decomposing sEMG signals to identify patterns in the time and frequency of flexion-extension movements of the fingers of the hand by analyzing the myoelectric signals of the superficial muscles. The aim is to predict the movement of the fingers of the hand and to minimize the computation time to allow the control of prostheses by means of superficial sensors. The hypothesis is based on the idea that all hand movements are an active response of the myoelectric activity of specific muscles and that electrical activity can be measured as a signal associated with a sequence of motion of the elements of the hand (fingers). Each finger can make a trajectory from the rest position to the final position, this trajectory which is obviously not instantaneous, generates a non-instantaneous myoelectric signal itself. The electrical activity of the muscle is present on the recorded signals. This electrical activity can be recognized by an algorithm from a database of the motion models. Comparing the electrical activity of the muscles in real time with respect to these data can make it possible to detect a tendency in the behavior of the hand and therefore to predict the specific movement before or at the same time. This prediction must allow a reduction in the response time of the prosthesisCette thèse porte sur l’analyse des signaux sEMG multicanaux à l’aide de la transformée en ondelettes, de la transformation de Hilbert-Huang et d’autres méthodes d’analyse ou de traitement des signaux, telles que le filtrage de Kalman et de Goertzel, pour détecter, mesurer, filtrer et décomposer les signaux sEMG afin d’identifier des tendances dans le temps et en fréquence des mouvements de flexion-extension des doigts de la main en observant les signaux myoélectriques des muscles superficiels. Le but est de prédire le mouvement des doigts de la main et de minimiser le temps de calcul pour permettre de contrôler des prothèses à l’aide de capteurs superficiels. L’hypothèse est fondée sur l’idée que tous les mouvements de la main sont une réponse active de l’activité myoélectrique des muscles spécifiques et que l’activité électrique peut être mesurée comme un signal associé à une séquence de mouvement des éléments de la main (doigts). Chaque doigt peut effectuer une trajectoire de la position de repos à la position finale, cette trajectoire qui n’est évidemment pas instantanée, engendre un signal myoélectrique lui-même non instantanée. L’activité électrique du muscle est présente sur les signaux enregistrés. Cette activité électrique peut être reconnue par un algorithme à partir d’une base de données de modèles de mouvement. Comparer l’activité électrique des muscles en temps réel par rapport à ces données peut permettre de détecter une tendance du comportement de la main et donc de prévoir le mouvement spécifique avant ou en même temps. Cette prédiction doit autoriser une baisse du temps de réponse de la prothès

Life standards and intergenerational transmission of earnings: a comparative analysis among different family arrangements in Nicaragua

In contrast with other societies, the single mother status is not a new pattern in Latin America, but rather a traditional configuration that reflects historical continuity. For Nicaragua, there is a notion of women being poorer and disadvantaged in relation to men, and thus transmitting their conditions upon their children. In that context, the main objective of this investigation is to analyze, comparatively, the socioeconomic conditions among single mother and biparental families. The research was divided in three articles: the first uses data from the most recent national household survey to compare different socioeconomic conditions among single- mother and biparental families; the second applies the Alkire-Foster (2011) multidimensional poverty methodology to breakdown poverty among those families, using Nicaragua‘s national Demographic and Health Survey (DHS 2011/2012) for that purpose; and finally, article 3 uses the last three national household surveys to understand the patterns of intergenerational earnings mobility, occupational characteristics and income inequality between both family groups. The results show that Nicaraguan households headed by single-mothers have similar socioeconomic conditions as families with both parents. On the other hand, we found that women are more likely to have fewer weakly working hours, which suggests they prioritize occupations that allows them more time allocation in house and child care. In contrast, income analysis revealed a narrowing gender wage gap over the past decade. Using analytical tools that take into account the different dimensions of poverty we found poverty dominance on male-led families over single-mother families and female-led biparental families. These conclusions reflect the resilience and audacity single mothers develop in face of challenges imposed by society. The way forward, though, will need to include men to share household responsibilities in all dimensions, in societies with less asymmetric gender relations and more mutually discussed decisions.Em contraste com outras sociedades, o status de mãe solteira não é um novo padrão na América Latina, mas sim uma configuração tradicional que reflete continuidade histórica. Para a Nicarágua, pressupõe-se a noção das mulheres serem mais pobres e desfavorecidas em relação aos homens, e, assim, transmitirem as suas condições sobre os filhos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se analisar, comparativamente, as condições socioeconômicas entre famílias de mães solteiras e famílias biparentais. A pesquisa foi dividida em três artigos: o primeiro utiliza dados da mais recente pesquisa domiciliar nacional para comparar diferentes condições socioeconômicas entre famílias de mães solteiras e famílias biparentais; no segundo artigo se aplica a metodologia de pobreza multidimensional de Alkire e Foster (2011) para decompor as dimensões da pobreza nessas famílias, usando a última Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde da Nicarágua (DHS 2011/2012); e, finalmente, o artigo 3 utiliza as três últimas pesquisas domiciliares nacionais para estudar os padrões de mobilidade económica intergeracional, as características ocupacionais e a desigualdade de renda entre os dois grupos familiares. Os resultados mostraram que as famílias nicaraguenses chefiadas por mulheres sós têm condições socioeconômicas semelhantes às famílias com ambos os pais. Por outro lado, verificou-se que as mulheres trabalham menos horas semanais que os homens, o que sugere que elas priorizam ocupações que lhes permitem uma maior alocação de tempo para o trabalho doméstico e o cuidado dos filhos. Em contraste, a análise de renda revelou uma redução no gap salarial de gênero ao longo da última década. Fazendo uso de instrumentos que levam em conta as diferentes dimensões da pobreza, foi encontrada uma predominância da pobreza nas famílias lideradas por homens, em relação às famílias de mães solteiras e as famílias biparentais lideradas por mulheres. Estas conclusões refletem a resiliência e audácia que as mães solteiras desenvolvem em face dos desafios impostos pela sociedade. O caminho a seguir, no entanto, terá de incluir os homens a partilhar responsabilidades domésticas em todas as dimensões, em sociedades com relações de gênero menos assimétricas e decisões mutuamente mais discutidas.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio