GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN METTE FREDERIKSEN DALAM KEBIJAKAN REPATRIASI PENGUNGSI SURIAH DI DENMARK MELALUI VISI ZERO ASYLUM SEEKERS

Denmark merupakan negara anggota Uni Eropa pertama yang menetapkan kebijakan repatriasi terhadap pengungsi. Kebijakan repatriasi pengungsi yang tertera dalam Danish Aliens Act (Lovforslag nr. L 226) tersebut mengatur mekanisme penerimaan suaka Denmark yang menyatakan bahwa seluruh pengungsi non-Barat akan direpatriasi ke Rwanda. Kebijakan ini secara tidak langsung ditujukan kepada pengungsi Suriah, karena mereka merupakan kelompok non-Barat mayoritas di Denmark. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilik dominasi Mette Frederiksen yang saat ini menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Denmark, dalam memperjuangkan penetapan kebijakan repatriasi pengungsi melalui visi Zero Asylum Seekers. Mette Frederiksen menganggap bahwa keberadaan pengungsi dan pencari suaka non-Barat merupakan hal yang menghambatnya dalam menyejahterakan masyarakat asli Denmark, sehingga diperlukan langkah untuk menepis seluruh pengungsi dan pencari suaka tersebut. Kebijakan repatriasi ini nyatanya sangat bertentangan dengan instrumen hukum yang berlaku secara regional maupun internasional. Peran Mette Frederiksen dalam proses penetapan kebijakan repatriasi pengungsi ini dianalisis menggunakan kerangka konseptual “Predominant Leader” oleh Margaret G. Hermann, dkk. Terdapat tiga komponen yang menjadi parameter gaya kepemimpinan serta dominasi Mette Frederiksen sesuai kerangka konseptual tersebut, yang meliputi reaksi terhadap kendala politik, keterbukaan pada informasi, dan motivasi dalam bertindak. Berdasarkan operasionalisasi konsep, disimpulkan bahwa Mette Frederiksen telah menentang kendala politik dan mengabaikan seluruh input dan informasi yang ditujukan kepadanya selama proses penetapan kebijakan repatriasi pengungsi. Selain itu, didapati pula bahwa Mette Frederiksen dimotivasi oleh dua hal, yaitu untuk memprioritaskan kesejahteraan masyarakat asli Denmark, dan untuk menjadikan Denmark yang bersih dari pengungsi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Mette Frederiksen merupakan pemimpin dengan gaya kepemimpinan crusader, directive, dan goal-driven. Kata Kunci: Denmark, Mette Frederiksen, Repatriasi, Zero Asylum Seekers, dan Pengungsi

Interpretation, Analysis and Design of Inter-well Tracer Tests in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

In order to understand the complex fracture network that controls water movement in Sherrod Area of Spraberry Field in West Texas and to better manage the on-going waterflood performance, a field scale inter-well tracer test was implemented. This test presents the largest inter-well tracer test in naturally fractured reservoirs reported in the industry and includes the injection of 13 different tracers and sampling of 110 producers in an area covering 6533 acres. Sherrod tracer test generated a total of 598 tracer responses from 51 out of the 110 sampled producers. Tracer responses showed a wide range of velocities from 14 ft/day to ultra-high velocities exceeding 10,000 ft/day with same-day tracer breakthrough. Re-injection of produced water has caused the tracers to be re-injected and added an additional challenge to diagnose and distinguish tracer responses affected by water recycling. Historical performance of the field showed simultaneous water breakthrough of a large number of wells covering entire Sherrod area. This research investigate analytical, numerical, and inversion modeling approaches in order to categorize, history match, and connect tracer responses with water-cut responses with the objective to construct multiple fracture realizations based entirely on water-cut and tracers‟ profiles. In addition, the research highlight best practices in the design of inter-well tracer tests in naturally fractured reservoirs through lessons learned from Sherrod Area. The large number of tracer responses from Sherrod case presents a case of naturally fractured reservoir characterization entirely based on dynamic data. Results indicates that tracer responses could be categorized based on statistical analysis of tracer recoveries of all pairs of injectors and producers with each category showing distinguishing behavior in tracers‟ movement and breakthrough time. In addition, it showed that tracer and water-cut responses in the field are dominantly controlled by the fracture system revealing minimum information about the matrix system. Numerical simulation studies showed limitation in dual porosity formulation/solvers to model tracer velocities exceeding 2200 ft/day. Inversion modeling using Gradzone Analysis showed that east and north-west of Sherrod have significantly lower pore volume compared to south-west

'I want to be screened just like the pirates!': The Power of Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Theatre to Aid Research Participation

Research participation is an important component of advancing whole health and eliminating health disparities, especially in communities facing environmental justice (EJ) issues. Though federally mandated, recruitment of racial and ethnic minorities can be a daunting task and recruitment of children an even greater challenge. A range of typical recruitment strategies (printed materials, word of mouth, broadcast etc.) for those of ethnically and culturally diverse backgrounds have exhibited only limited to modest success, depending on the community being served and the type of engagement. To date, there has been only limited assessment of the use of community-based participatory research (CBPR) theatre as a culturally relevant recruitment strategy. The ENRRICH Railyard Study used CBPR theatre to engage an underserved EJ community, and to assess the health impact of residential proximity to a major freight railyard. The railyard community is comprised of primarily low-income Hispanic families. To promote participation, a CBPR theatre play – a partnership between a community- based organisation (CBO) and a university institution – was produced, from design to production, at two elementary schools. Following the play, parental consents and surveys were sent home. The response was immediate and one of the largest to date – 74 percent of children participated in the study. The CBPR theatre, university and CBO partnership provided an opportunity to engage under-served minority children and their parents, thus encouraging participation and facilitating educationon respiratory health and the environment. This article includes experiences and lessons learned from using CBPR theatre to encourage study participation, critical for promoting sustainable change in an EJ community

Characterization of Electrical Properties of (PVA-LiF) Composites

Composites consisting of poly-vinyl alcohol as matrix and lithium fluoride as a filler has been investigated with different percentages of lithium fluoride are (0,5,10, and 15) wt.%.  The electrical conductivity of composite has been studied at different temperature. The results showed that the D.C electrical conductivity increases with increasing the lithium fluoride concentrations and temperature. Also the activation energy change with increasing of lithium fluoride concentration. Keywords: Composites, Electrical Conductivity, lithium fluoride

A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis

Funding: The study was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology, who provided funds for publication. KMG is supported by the National Institute for Health Research through the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), projects Early Nutrition and ODIN under grant agreement numbers 289346 and 613977.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to reduced birth weight but the gestation at onset of this relationship is not certain. We present a systematic review of the literature describing associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ultrasound measurements of fetal size, together with an accompanying meta-analysis. Methods Studies were selected from electronic databases (OVID, EMBASE and Google Scholar) that examined associations between maternal smoking or smoke exposure and antenatal fetal ultrasound measurements. Outcome measures were first, second or third trimester fetal measurements. Results There were 284 abstracts identified, 16 papers were included in the review and the metaanalysis included data from eight populations. Maternal smoking was associated with reduced second trimester head size (mean reduction 0.09 standard deviation (SD) [95% CI 0.01, 0.16]) and femur length (0.06 [0.01, 0.10]) and reduced third trimester head size (0.18SD [0.13, 0.23]), femur length (0.27 SD [0.21, 0.32]) and estimated fetal weight (0.18 SD [0.11, 0.24]). Higher maternal cigarette consumption was associated with a lower z score for head size in the second (mean difference 0.09 SD [0, 0.19]) and third (0.15 SD [0.03, 0.26]) trimesters compared to lower consumption. Fetal measurements were not reduced for those whose mothers quit before or after becoming pregnant compared to mothers who had never smoked. Conclusions Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with reduced fetal measurements after the first trimester, particularly reduced head size and femur length. These effects may be attenuated if mothers quit or reduce cigarette consumption during pregnancy

Radiation affected liquid fuel burning on water.

A model for the radiation affected liquid fuel burning on water is developed which improves substantially on an existing model by including the turbulent fire plume and the explicit effects (hotness and thickness) of fire radiation. In achieving these objectives, the experimental literature on flame height and velocity is utilized. The fire plume above the slick is divided into three regions: the continuous flame; the intermittent flame; and the thermal plume. To describe the fire plume, Taylor's entrainment model is used which assumes top-hat profiles for the radial velocity and temperature and relates the entrainment and vertical velocities at a given height. The contributions from gaseous combustion products, mainly CO$\\sb2$ and H$\\sb2$O, as well as from particulate matter to radiative heat transfer are also accounted for. Both linear and nonlinear solutions are obtained and compared to examine the accuracy of the usual approach of linearization in the radiative transport equations. The effect of radiation on fuel burning is demonstrated as a function of the flame hotness and optical thickness. Radiation is shown to lower the temperatures in the high temperature region of the flame and raise the temperatures in the low temperature region near the fuel surface. It is further shown that fuel burning increases monotonically with increase in radiation effects. It is concluded that the contribution of fire radiation to fuel burning is substantial and may exceed that of conduction heat transfer by an order of magnitude. The model is also compared with available data for crude oil burning on water, yielding reasonable trends within the uncertainty of the experimental literature.Ph.D.Mechanical engineeringNuclear physics and radiationUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162281/1/9001594.pd

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to antibiotic use and resistance patterns among outpatients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Antibiotic resistance is globally responsible for high numbers of morbidity and mortality. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended-spectrum β- lactamases producing Escherichia. coli and Klebsiella. pneumoniae have high prevalence in many countries. Misuse of antibiotic is one major reason that has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Knowledge and attitude of antibiotic were determined in some studies in order to determine the practice of antibiotic usage. There is scarce of studies in Saudi Arabia regarding surveillance of antibiotic resistance as well as regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice towards antibiotic usage. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of MRSA and ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Qatif Central Hospital for five years. In addition, demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with MRSA and ESBL strains were determined in 2014. Furthermore, questionnaire was carried out to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards antibiotics usage among outpatients in Qatif Central Hospital (QCH) and Dammam Medical Complex (DMC), Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used to analyze antibiotic resistance and the questionnaire. Among the three organisms, the results showed that the prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus was the highest over the five years (2010-2014). The range of MRSA was 21.4% - 30.8%. ESBL-producing E. coli was the second highest prevalence over the five years with a range 14.2% - 26.7%. The prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was low with a minimum of 11.9% and maximum of 20.8%. In 2014, it was shown that majority of MRSA patients were female (59.8%), adults (20-59) years old (47.6%), from ICU (28.0%), and wound samples (38.4%). Likewise, many of ESBL-producing E. coli patients were female (66.7%) and adults (44.4%). Yet, most of patients were from Outpatient Department (34.0%) and urine sample (55.6%). Male patients with ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were the greater (53.5%) and adults patients were the highest (51.2%). Many patients were from Outpatients Department (30.2%) and wound samples (32.6%). For the cross-sectional survey, out of the 300 respondents, males were 50.7%. Majority were married (73.3%), 18 - 29 years old (47%), college/university education (69.3%), and science field (33%). The findings showed that majority of respondents (79.6%) had low knowledge on antibiotic. Although many respondents (71.7%) had a positive attitude, only few respondents (9.7%) had a good practice towards antibiotic usage. The study showed that level of education (P = 0.002) and field of education (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with knowledge. Age (P = 0.039), level of education (P = 0.001), and field of education (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with attitude. Gender (P = 0.026) and level of education (P = 0.006) had associated with practice towards antibiotic usage. In conclusion, prevalence of MRSA and ESBL-producing E. coli was high over the past five years. Respondents in the study showed a low knowledge and poor practice towards antibiotic usage. Interventions are required in order to improve awareness of antibiotic and in turn to decrease antibiotic resistance

Optimizing the Parameters of Sliding Mode Controllers for Stepper Motor through Simulink Response Optimizer Application

This paper will focus on optimizing parameters of sliding mode controllers (SMC) for hybrid stepper motor models simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The main objective is to achieve a smooth transient and robust, steady-state to track reference rotor position when the stepper motor is subjected to load disturbances. Two different structures of SMC controllers will be studied, which are based on the flat system concept that is applicable to the stepper motor model. The hassle to determine controller parameters will be optimized using the Simulink Response Optimizer application.  The performance of the controllers will be evaluated by considering load torque and variation in the model parameters. Although the results showed that an open-loop controller could move the rotor to the desired position, however, the transient response had undesired oscillations before the output settled at the steady state. The response was improved by optimizing SMC controllers’ parameters to meet the desire step response requirement. Despite both SMC methods have successfully tracked the reference, there are some challenges to deal with each method in regard to the state measurements, the number of optimized controllers’ parameters, and the scattering of control inputs

Effectiveness of Smart Home System Technology on Property

The purpose of this study is to find out how effective the use of smart home system technology is on properties; smart home systems can make it easier for users to control functions automatically. The research method used is a qualitative method in order to find out in depth how effective the use of the smart home system technology is. Along with the development of the times, technology also accompanies the property in terms of security, comfort, convenience, and cleanliness. Since the COVID-19 pandemic came, we have found that facilities that use smart home system technology are urgently needed at this time, because during the pandemic, work and learning activities turn into online activities. This research shows that the effectiveness of smart home system technology can make work and study activities more effective