Gender and Health Strategies for the development of National Governments and multilateral actors in the context of African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (PALOP)

This research aims to carry out an analysis of the framework described in gender and health strategies for the development undertaken by National Governments and multilateral actors in the context of PALOP, in the last ten years, through the technique of systematizing information from concept maps. In this regard, on the one hand, there has been repeated consideration of women as a vulnerable group in relation to HIV/AIDS in the strategies and, on the other hand, it has been found that can coexist simultaneously the following three development approaches in the strategies analyzed: Welfare Approach linked to the Paradigm of Vulnerability; Women in Development Approach linked to the Women’s Health Approach; and Gender in Development Approach linked to Public Health Approach based on Gende

The role of RANKL/RANK pathway on ER+ breast cancer’s tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021O cancro da mama é o segundo cancro mais frequente a nível mundial, sendo responsável por mais de 600,000 mortes por ano. Os subtipos recetores hormonais positivos (RH+) representam a vasta maioria dos casos, estando associados a um melhor prognóstico. No entanto, e apesar de todos os avanços terapêuticos, 30% dos cancros da mama RH+ continuam a progredir para doença metastática. Ao longo das últimas duas décadas, a via RANKL/RANK emergiu como uma importante via de sinalização em vários mecanismos além da homeostase óssea, nos quais se incluem a iniciação e progressão metastática do cancro da mama. Neste trabalho revemos e resumimos a escassa literatura disponível acerca do papel fisiopatológico desta via na carcinogénese mamária luminal e do seu potencial papel na resistência à hormono- e quimioterapia, complementando a informação existente com dados experimentais obtidos pelo nosso grupo. Abordamos ainda a evidência disponível acerca do potencial benefício de inibir a via RANKL/RANK com o objetivo de melhorar os outcomes clínicos deste tipo de tumor, descrevendo e discutindo detalhadamente os resultados contraditórios de dois ensaios clínicos de fase 3 recentemente publicados, o ABCSG-18 e o D-CARE, que se debruçaram sobre os efeitos modificadores de doença do denosumab, um anticorpo monoclonal anti-RANKL, como terapêutica adjuvante em cancro da mama precoce. Concluímos que, apesar da inúmera evidência que sugere que a via RANKL/RANK pode assumir um importante papel na resistência intrínseca e progressão sob terapêutica em cancro da mama, não há atualmente evidência clara que justifique a recomendação de denosumab com o intuito de modificar a sobrevida dos doentes com cancro da mama luminal. No entanto, não descartamos que tal possa vir a acontecer no futuro, sendo para isso necessários mais estudos clínicos com vista a selecionar a população de doentes com maior probabilidade de beneficiar desta intervenção.Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and is responsible for over 600,000 deaths per year. Hormone-receptor (HR) + subtypes represent the vast majority of cases and are associated with better prognoses. However, and despite all therapeutic achievements, 30% of HR+ breast cancers still progress to metastatic disease, highlighting the opportunity to further improve Luminal breast cancer outcomes. Over the last two decades, RANKL/RANK pathway emerged as a critical signaling pathway involved in several mechanisms beyond bone homeostasis, including breast cancer initiation and metastatic progression, where it is thought to contribute to resistance to therapy that ultimately leads to disease progression and death. In this work, we review and summarize the scarce literature regarding the pathophysiological role of this pathway on Luminal breast tumorigenesis and its potential role on the resistance to standard of care endocrine and chemotherapy, while complementing it with experimental data obtained by our group. We also address the potential benefit of using RANKL/RANK inhibition as a way to improve Luminal breast cancer diseaserelated outcomes, extensively describing and discussing the contradictory results of ABCSG-18 and D-CARE, two recently published phase 3 clinical trials that studied the disease-modifying effects of RANKL inhibition with monoclonal antibody denosumab in early breast cancer’s adjuvant setting. We conclude that, despite the innumerous evidence that suggests that RANKL/RANK pathway may assume an important role on the intrinsic resistance and progression under therapy of human breast cancer, current evidence is not enough to recommend adjuvant denosumab with the intent of improving disease-related outcomes in any setting. However, we do not discard that this may change in the future, which is why we encourage further clinical studies to access the true benefit of using denosumab on a selected cohort of Luminal breast cancer patients that seem more likely to benefit from this intervention

Can circular fashion impact brand loyalty? An exploratory research on the pre- and post-purchase behaviour of second-hand fashion consumption in the digital channel

This paper examines the impact of a satisfactory second-hand purchasing experience on the loyalty levels towards the brands purchased. A deep dive into the pre- and post-purchase behaviour of second-hand fashion consumption via second-hand online marketplaces was conducted by a qualitative and quantitative research on second-hand consumers, particularly the Generation Z. The findings from this paper uncover that a positive experience shopping second-hand fashion online influences brand loyalty, especially for brands for which consumers are trying for the first-time second-hand. This loyalty is mainly impacted by an increased confidence towards the quality of the pieces purchased that leads to an enhanced brand image

“Alexa, what should we buy next?” : the proposed acquisition of Ulta by Amazon

E-commerce has rapidly grown for the past 20 years and while some traditional retailers could not survive the fierce competition, others were able to adapt and opened their own online stores. For the past decade, this has been the prevailing trend in the retail environment. In recent years, however, we have been witnessing to the inverse, retailers going from clicks to bricks. Amazon is known for having completed a high number of M&A transactions since its inception. The last one, in 2017, was the acquisition of Whole Foods Market and it shook the entire retail industry, as fears regarding a possible entrance by the e-commerce leader in the brick-and-mortar space spread. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse Amazon’s acquisition of Ulta, the leading U.S. beauty specialty retailer, as part of the company’s quest for an omnichannel presence. The in-store experience in the $445Bn beauty industry is of major importance and Ulta’s 1070 stores in the U.S. and 28 years of experience in the field stand as valuable opportunities for Amazon. The recommended bid price is$331,2 per share, which includes a 30% premium over the market price at the 21st May 2018. This value is justified by net synergies of $4.123Mm and a$373Mm value of control. The transaction should be a cash deal carried as a friendly takeover and has the potential of creating $863.1Mm for Amazon’s shareholders and an accretion of 12,4% in the first year’s EPS.Com a crescente concorrência imposta pelo crescimento do comércio eletrónico nos últimos 20 anos, muitos retalhistas tradicionais fecharam as suas lojas e, apenas aqueles que se adaptaram, abrindo também, eles próprios, as suas lojas online, conseguiram sobreviver. Mais recentemente, temos vindo a assistir a uma inversão desta tendência: empresas a saírem do espaço online para o espaço físico. A Amazon já completou várias fusões e aquisições ao longo da sua existência, tendo a última sido a aquisição da Whole Foods Market em 2017. Esta aquisição levantou receios relativamente à possível entrada do gigante do comércio eletrónico no segmento do retalho tradicional. Esta dissertação propõe a aquisição da Ulta pela Amazon, como forma de alcançar uma estratégica omnicanal. A indústria da beleza tem um caráter bastante experimental, por isso, a aquisição de uma empresa com 28 anos de experiência parece ser o caminho indicado para reforçar a sua posição neste mercado. A oferta de aquisição pública amigável à Ulta, com um prémio de 30% relativamente ao preço a 21 de maio de 2018, deverá assumir o valor de 331,2 dólares por ação, e ser pago na totalidade recorrendo a dinheiro. Espera-se que a aquisição origine sinergias no valor líquido de 4.123 milhões de dólares e valor acrescido relacionado com controlo de 373 milhões de dólares. Esta transação deverá criar valor para os acionistas da Amazon na ordem dos 863.1 milhões de dólares e aumentar o lucro por ação em 12,4% no primeiro ano após a aquisição

El rol de las “actitudes globales discriminatorias” en el desarrollo humano: una reflexión psicosocial desde el feminismo de la interseccionalidad

Se ha pretendido tender un puente de unión entre la teoría del desarrollo humano de Amartya Sen (1985) y Martha Nussbaum (2000) y el modelo ecológico del desarrollo humano de Urie Bronfenbrenner (1987 [1979]). El nexo pudiera residir en el hecho de reconocer que el acceso a la riqueza es indispensable para garantizar el pleno desarrollo de las personas pero las barreras para dicho acceso pudieran no ser una cuestión solamente material sino también una cuestión actitudinal originada en los entornos del desarrollo humano. Asimismo, las barreras discriminatorias sufridas por las mujeres son muchas e interseccionadas como apunta Kimberlé Crenshaw (1995) desde el feminismo de la interseccionalidad.A bridge has been tried to build between the theory of human development of Amartya Sen (1985) and Martha Nussbaum (2000) and the ecological model of human development of Urie Bronfenbrenner (1987 [1979]). The link could be in the fact of recognizing that the access to wealth is essential to ensure the full development of people, but the barriers to such access could be a matter not only material but also an attitudinal question caused in the environments of the human development. In addition, discriminatory barriers suffered by women are many, and they are intersected as Kimberlé Crenshaw (1995) explains from the feminism of intersectionality

Ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: current perspectives and place in therapy

Tractament amb ceftolozane-tazobactam; Infeccions intra-abdominals; Infeccions del tracte superior urinari; Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentent a medicamentsTratamiento con ceftolozane-tazobactam; Infecciones intraabdominales; Infecciones del tracto superior urinario; Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a medicamentosCeftolozane-tazobactam; Complicated intra-abdominal infections; Complicated urinary tract infections; Multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosaThe current prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms is a global threat, and thus, the development of new antimicrobial agents with activity against these pathogens is a healthcare priority. Ceftolozane–tazobactam (C/T) is a new combination of a cephalosporin with a β-lactamase inhibitor that shows excellent in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) strains and MDR or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa. In phase III randomized clinical trials, C/T demonstrated similar efficacy to meropenem for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) and superior efficacy to levofloxacin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs), including pyelonephritis. The drug is generally safe and well tolerated and its PK/PD profile is very favorable. Observational studies with C/T have revealed good efficacy for the treatment of different types of infection caused by MDR or XDR P. aeruginosa, including some that originated from the digestive or urinary tracts. The place of C/T in therapy is not well defined, but its use could be recommended in a carbapenem-sparing approach for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL-producing strains or for the treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa if there are no other more favorable therapeutic options. Further clinical experience is needed to position this new antimicrobial drug for the empirical treatment of cIAIs or cUTIs.The authors are funded by the Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2013-2016 and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain [REIPI RD16/0016/0003

El rol de las “actitudes globales discriminatorias” en el desarrollo humano: una reflexión psicosocial desde el feminismo de la interseccionalidad

Se ha pretendido tender un puente de unión entre la teoría del desarrollo humano de Amartya Sen (1985) y Martha Nussbaum (2000) y el modelo ecológico del desarrollo humano de Urie Bronfenbrenner (1987 [1979]). El nexo pudiera residir en el hecho de reconocer que el acceso a la riqueza es indispensable para garantizar el pleno desarrollo de las personas pero las barreras para dicho acceso pudieran no ser una cuestión solamente material sino también una cuestión actitudinal originada en los entornos del desarrollo humano. Asimismo, las barreras discriminatorias sufridas por las mujeres son muchas e interseccionadas como apunta Kimberlé Crenshaw (1995) desde el feminismo de la interseccionalida