Os desafios em busca da segurança na cobertura vacinal em crianças de até dois anos de idade

The aim was to cite the main challenges faced by nursing professionals for vaccination coverage in children up to two years of age in the municipality of Miguel Pereira, State of Rio de Janeiro. This is a descriptive and exploratory research, with a qualitative approach. Twenty-four nursing professionals participated in the study, who work in the immunization rooms of 12 Family Health Units (USF), 1 Health Center and at the Municipal Hospital. Data were collected from July to August 2020, through a semi-structured questionnaire. It was found that 14 (58.33%) professionals carried out training on vaccination outside the municipality and 10 (41.67%) did not; 10 (83.3%) units administer vaccines twice a week and 2 (16.67%) only once, but the Health Center and the Hospital vaccinate every day of the week, during business hours; 6 (42.86%) units schedule vaccines and 8 (57.14%) units are on demand. Of the scheduled vaccines, 14 (58.33%) guardians attend with the child and 10 (41.67%) do not attend. It is essential that a corrective action plan be drawn up by managers, so that vaccination coverage in the municipality rises from 76.9% and reaches the recommended by the Ministry of Health.Objetivou-se citar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais de enfermagem para a cobertura vacinal em crianças até dois anos de idade no município de Miguel Pereira, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo vinte e quatro profissionais de enfermagem, que trabalham nas salas de imunização de 12 Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), 1 Posto de Saúde e no Hospital Municipal. Os dados foram coletados no período de julho a agosto de 2020, através de um questionário semiestruturado. Constatado que 14 (58,33%) profissionais realizaram capacitação sobre vacinação extra município e 10 (41,67%) não; 10 (83,3%) unidades administram vacinas 2 vezes por semana e 2 (16,67%) somente 1 vez, mas o Posto de Saúde e o Hospital vacinam durante todos os dias da semana, em horário comercial; 6 (42,86%) unidades agendam as vacinas e 8 (57,14%) unidades são por demanda livre. Das vacinas agendadas 14 (58,33%) responsáveis comparecem com a criança e 10 (41,67%) não comparecem. É fundamental que um plano de ação corretivo seja traçado pelos gestores, para que a cobertura vacinal no município saia de 76,9% e atinja o recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde

Tempo de ocorrência da colonização de recém-nascidos por microrganismos de importância epidemiológica em unidade de terapia intensiva / Time of occurrence of colonization of newborns by microorganisms of epidemiological importance in intensive care unit

Nos casos de hospitalização em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) o neonato de alto risco passa a ter contato com diversos profissionais de saúde, recebe nutrição artificial e antibioticoterapia, sendo colonizado pela microbiota nosocomial em vez de obter a colonização materna. Objetivo: caracterizar os recém-nascidos (RN) internados na UTIN no período de junho de 2016 a 2017; identificar o tempo de ocorrência da colonização em RN internados; e estimar a prevalência dos MO (microrganismos) das amostras de espécimes clínicos. Método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo com coleta e análise de dados através dos registros da ficha epidemiológica utilizada pela Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH) -  do Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF). Resultados: no período de junho de 2016 a junho de 2017 foram internados 342 neonatos na UTIN, desses 14 sujeitos foram colonizados por bactérias multirresistente (MR); sendo 57,14% do sexo feminino, 85,71% nasceram de parto cesárea, 42,85% eram prematuros extremo e grave; os diagnósticos mais prevalentes são a prematuridade (PTM) e a má formação congênita, a maioria evoluiu com bom prognóstico, havendo 1 óbito; 57,14% RN foram colonizados por MDR antes de completar 15 dias de vida, a média é de 12 dias de vida para o RN ser colonizado por MDR; nas culturas swabs nasal e retal, foram isolados agentes patogênico de ESBL (β-lactamases de espectro estendido) e MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), tendo 92,85% ESBL identificados; a estimativa da prevalência para os RN na UTIN é de 34,06 por 1.000 swabs analisados. Discussão: sugere-se que haja uma relação entre a PTM e a colonização por bactérias MR, assim como a duração da hospitalização na UTIN. O aumento da colonização dos RN coincide com o período do ano em que há troca do grupo de residentes na instituição. Conclusão: é ideal que a cultura de vigilância fique atenta para solicitar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiano. Com adesão de boas práticas e comprometimento da equipe de profissionais espera-se diminuir a translocação das bactérias MR da pele e mucosa para a corrente sanguínea e assim mimetizar os indicadores de Infecção Relacionada à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS)

Instrumento de visita técnica no serviço de limpeza em instituição de saúde em processo de implantação do programa de controle de infecção hospitalar / Instrument of technical visit in the cleaning service in a health institution in the process of implementation of the hospital infection control program

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da elaboração e aplicação do instrumento de Visita Técnica para o Serviço Limpeza e Desinfecção de Superfícies, elaborado com base nas recomendações de normas específicas da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e da literatura científica, durante o processo de implantação do Programa de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, narrativa, do tipo relato de experiência com a aplicação do checklist de limpeza e desinfecção realizado em um hospital privado de médio porte, no Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2021. Conclusão: A utilização do instrumento favoreceu a identificação dos pontos de melhorias no processo da limpeza e desinfecção hospitalar, sendo útil na análise da gestão de todo o processo executado, permitindo o diagnóstico do serviço de higienização quanto às boas práticas a ser desenvolvidas por meio de um plano de ação

A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions

The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium-and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a 'very high risk' of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate 'rapid' management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement. Decision support tools AS-ISK Hazard identification Non-native species Risk analysis Climate changepublishedVersio

A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions

The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a ‘very high risk’ of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate ‘rapid’ management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement.publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good