221 research outputs found

    Falha na produção de óxido nítrico pelos macrófagos e diminuição de células T CD4+ na paracoccidioidomicose bucal: possíveis mecanismos que permitem a multiplicação fúngica local

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    Paracoccidioidomycosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that induces a specific inflammatory and immune response. The participation of nitric oxide (NO), a product of the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS), as an important fungicidal molecule against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been demonstrated. In order to further characterize the Oral Paracoccidioidomycosis (OP), we undertook an immunohistochemical study of iNOS+, CD45RO+, CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, CD68+ cells and mast cells. The samples were distributed in groups according to the number of viable fungi per mm². Our results showed weak immunolabeling for iNOS in the multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) and in most of the mononuclear (MN) cells, and the proportion of iNOS+ MN/MNGC cells in the OP were comparable to Control (clinically healthy oral tissues). Additionally, our analysis revealed a similarity in the number of CD4+ cells between the Control and the OP groups with higher numbers of fungi. These findings suggest that a low expression of iNOS and a decrease in the CD4+ T cells in OP may represent possible mechanisms that permit the local fungal multiplication and maintenance of active oral lesions.A paracoccidioidomicose é uma doença granulomatosa crônica que induz resposta inflamatória e imune específica. A participação do óxido nítrico (NO), produto da enzima óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS), como uma importante molécula fungicida contra o fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis tem sido demonstrada. Com o objetivo de melhor caracterizar as lesões orais da paracoccidioidomicose (OP), propusemos estudo imunohistoquímico das células iNOS+ e das células CD45RO+, CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, CD68+ e mastócitos. As amostras foram distribuídas em grupos de acordo com o número de fungos viáveis por mm². Nossos resultados demonstraram leve imunomarcação para iNOS nas células gigantes multinucleadas (MNGC) e na maioria das células mononucleares (MN), e a proporção de células MN/MNGC iNOS+ na OP foi comparável a do grupo Controle (tecido bucal clinicamente saudável). Adicionalmente, nossa análise revelou similaridade no número de células CD4+ entre o Controle e o grupo de OP com elevado número de fungos. Estes achados sugerem que a baixa expressão de iNOS e a diminuição de células CD4+ na OP podem representar possíveis mecanismos que permitiram a multiplicação local do fungo e a manutenção das lesões bucais ativas

    Traumatic neuroma of the mandible: a case report with spontaneous remission

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    Traumatic neuroma is a well-known disorder involving peripheral nerves, which occurs following trauma or sur - gery. The lesion develops most commonly in the soft tissues of the mental foramen area, lower lip and tongue. Intra- osseous lesions arising in jawbones are very uncommon. In this paper, we report a new case of an intra-osseous traumatic neuroma, discovered incidentally on a panoramic radiograph obtained for orthodontic documentation. In addition, the case herein described developed spontaneous remission, a situation not previously reported in the literature. Finally, we discuss relevant demographic, clinical, microscopic, immunohistochemical and treatment aspects of traumatic neuromas

    FUNÇÃO DEMANDA DO SERVIÇO DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA DO DISTRITO FEDERAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA POLÍTICA DE SUBSÍDIOS CRUZADOS

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    O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o impacto da política de subsídios cruzados sobre a demanda do serviço de abastecimento de água no Distrito Federal (DF). A relevância do tema fundamenta-se na necessidade de orientar o processo de planejamento das políticas públicas de acessibilidade econômica desse serviço, a partir da estimação da função demanda e das elasticidades preço, renda e dos subsídios tarifários intrínsecos a estrutura tarifária. Para tanto, adotou-se o método McFadden, considerando as variáveis preço marginal, renda, umidade relativa do ar, subsídio e variável diferença intramarginal. O estudo também englobou as categorias de usuários residenciais e não residenciais para abranger tanto usuários subsidiados, quanto subsidiadores. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as variáveis analisadas são relevantes para a formulação da política tarifária do serviço de abastecimento de água no DF, bem como apontaram que tais variáveis afetam de formas diferentes cada uma das categorias de usuários e cada nível de renda. Portanto, conhecer a curva de demanda e as elasticidades das variáveis que afetam o consumo dos usuários, demonstrou-se fundamental para o equacionamento da política de subsídios tarifários cruzados do Distrito Federal

    Investigation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax.

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    AbstractEthnopharmacological relevanceSynadenium umbellatum Pax. is widely found in South America and empirically used in Brazil for the treatment of several diseases, mainly cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax. using Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells, as well as the myelotoxicity potential of this plant.Materials and methodsS. umbellatum cytotoxicity was evaluated in EAT cells by trypan blue exclusion and MTT reduction test and the mechanisms involved in EAT cell death were investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Investigation of S. umbellatum myelotoxicity was performed by clonogenic assay of colony forming unit- granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM).Results and ConclusionOur results demonstrated that S. umbellatum decreased the viability of EAT cells using both methods. Morphological analyses revealed that S. umbellatum-treatment induced EAT cell death by apoptotic pathway. We demonstrated the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatydylserine externalization, and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. However, S. umbellatum produced myelotoxicity in bone marrow cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In comparison to EAT cells, the effects of S. umbellatum in bone marrow cells were 8-fold lower. Taken together, our results showed that S. umbellatum induced apoptosis in EAT cells at several levels and seems more toxic to tumor cells than to normal bone marrow cells

    PERCEPÇÃO DE PROFISSIONAIS ACERCA DO APOIO MATRICIAL EM SAÚDE MENTAL NA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA

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    Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção dos profissionais de saúde das equipes de saúde da família sobre o Apoio Matricial em Saúde Mental e identificar as dificuldades e/ou facilidades encontradas por estes profissionais de saúde no atendimento às pessoas em sofrimento mental. Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, realizada no município de Jequié-BA, envolvendo onze profissionais das Unidades de Saúde da Família. Como técnica de coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, para a análise dos dados a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo modalidade temática proposta por Bardin. Como resultado desenvolveu-se duas categorias: o desvelar do apoio matricial em saúde mental na ESF e as dificuldades e/ou facilidades encontradas pelos profissionais de saúde da ESF no atendimento à saúde mental. A pesquisa apontou que o Apoio Matricial faz-se necessário para melhor estruturação do cuidado à saúde mental e superação das dificuldades apresentadas

    PROMOCIÓN DEL AUTOCUIDADO A MUJERES MASTECTOMIZADAS

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    This descriptive, exploratory study aimed to devise a nursing care plan for women who had undergone mastectomy, in the promotion of self-care, based on analysis of the discourses of those who had received the surgery between January and August 2009. The research was grounded in Orem’s Theory, which guides nursing care at any stage of the patient’s life, whether in maintenance of well-being, recuperation of health, prevention of illness or rehabilitation. The following themes emerged from the discourses: Educative actions centered on self-care, Care centered on the needs of mastectomized women and in active listening involving the network of social support, and Group meetings: a facilitative strategy for personal coping. These permeate the guidance and the way of providing it for promoting self-care in the post-operative phase. In the study, the authors perceived the limitations on the women’s knowledge about the care to be taken in the peri-operative period.Este estudo descritivo e exploratório teve como objetivo elaborar plano de cuidados de enfermagem à mulheres mastectomizadas na promoção do autocuidado, tendo por base a análise dos discursos daquelas que foram submetidas à cirurgia de mastectomia entre janeiro e agosto de 2009. A pesquisa foi fundamentada na Teoria de Orem, a qual norteia a assistência de enfermagem em qualquer estágio da vida do paciente, seja na manutenção do bem estar, recuperação da saúde, prevenção de doença ou reabilitação. Dos discursos emergiram as categorias temáticas Ações educativas centradas no autocuidado, Assistência centrada nas necessidades da mulher mastectomizada e na escuta ativa envolvendo a rede de apoio social, e Reuniões grupais: estratégia facilitadora ao enfrentamento pessoal. Essas permearam as orientações e a forma de fornecê-las para a promoção do autocuidado no pós-operatório. No estudo pudemos perceber a limitação do conhecimento das mulheres acerca dos cuidados a serem tomados no perioperatório de mastectomia. Este estudio descriptivo y exploratorio tuvo como objetivo elaborar un plan de cuidados de Enfermería para las mujeres mastectomizadas en la promoción del autocuidado, con base en el análisis de los discursos de aquellas que fueron sometidas a la cirugia de mastectomía entre enero y agosto de 2009. La investigación fue fundamentada en la Teoría de Orem, la cual dirige la asistencia de Enfermería en cualquier estagio de la vida del paciente, sea en la manutención del bienestar, recuperación de la salud, prevención de enfermedad o rehabilitación. De los discursos, surgieron las categorías temáticas Acciones educativas centradas en el autocuidado, Asistencia centrada en las necesidades de la mujer mastectomizada y en la escucha activa con la red de apoyo social, y Reuniones de grupo: estrategia facilitadora para afrontamiento personal. Esas permearon las orientaciones y la forma de fornecerlas para la promoción del autocuidado en el posoperatorio. En el estudio fue posible percibir la limitación del conocimiento de las mujeres acerca de los cuidados necesarios en el perioperatorio de mastectomía

    Chondroblastic osteosarcoma mimicking periapical abscess

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    Lesions of non-endodontic origin may mimic periapical abscess. Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant lesion. Case report The present report describes a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in the periapical region of teeth #29, #30, and #31 of an 18-year-old male. Clinical history showed self-reported discomfort in the right posterior gingiva for over a month. Physical examination showed a small expansion and redness of the right mandibular buccal and lingual cortical plates, but no signs of pain or inflammation were observed. All the teeth responded positively to pulp sensibility. Periapical and panoramic radiographs showed slight periapical radiolucency in the roots of teeth #29 and #30, clear periodontal ligament space widening, and evident loss of lamina dura. Incisional biopsy was performed, and based on microscopic findings the diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma was confirmed. Conclusions Non-endodontic diseases associated with tooth root apex, such as chondroblastic osteosarcoma, should be included in differential diagnosis of jaw lesions that resemble periapical abscess

    Alloxan-induced diabetes delays repair in a rat model of closed tibial fracture

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    A closed fracture was performed on the left tibia of 3-month-old Wistar rats weighing 250 to 350 g that were either healthy (N = 24) or made diabetic with alloxan (N = 24) to investigate the effect of alloxan-induced diabetes on the course of bone fracture healing. Histomorphometric analysis of the fracture site was performed at 7, 14, 25, and 35 days. After 7 days, diabetic rats had significantly less cartilage (P = 0.045) and greater fibrous connective (P = 0.006) tissue formation at the fracture site compared to controls. In contrast, marked callus formation was seen in diabetic rats with significant osteogenesis (P = 0.011, P = 0.010, P = 0.010, respectively, for 14, 25, and 35 days) and chondrogenesis (P = 0.028, P = 0.033, P = 0.019) compared to controls. Radiographic analysis revealed a displaced fracture with poor bone fragment alignment and delayed consolidation at these times in the diabetic group. The levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in diabetic rats at 25 days (P = 0.009). These results suggest that the initial excessive formation of fibrous connective tissue associated with delay in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis may not provide suitable stability of the fractured site, contributing to the inappropriate alignment of fragments and an increase in the volume of callus in later stages of repair. The resulting displaced fracture in diabetic rats requires long periods for remodeling and complete bone consolidation

    Vertical transmission of HIV to neonates in a reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2017

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    The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of Mother-to-child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV to neonates in a reference university hospital in Sao Luis city, the capital of Maranhao State (MA), evaluating MTCT-associated factors. A retrospective cohort study based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Data System (SINAN) was carried out and included all HIV-exposed neonates notified from 2013 to 2017 by the university hospital. The study population comprised 725 HIV-exposed neonates, of whom 672 neonates were exposed and uninfected, and 53 were exposed and infected. The estimated rate of MTCT in the period of 2013 to 2017 was 7.3%. Most pregnant women were ≥ 20 years old (86.9%), reported ≥ 8 years of schooling (53.2%), reported full-time or independent paid work (46.9%) and were residents in other cities of the state (61.7%). Regarding healthcare, 86.3% received prenatal care, 74.6% received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) as prophylaxis during pregnancy, 81.8% received ART prophylaxis during childbirth and 78.1% underwent cesarean section. Among the neonates, 92.8% received ART prophylaxis and 94.3% were not breastfed. Despite these variables, the 7.3% MTCT rate found in this study makes it clear that the interventions recommended by the Ministry of Health were not fully adopted

    GESTÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM, PROATIVIDADE E AUTONOMIA DOS DISCENTES: NOVAS PRÁTICAS

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    Neste artigo propomos a reflexão sobre o processo de aprendizagem, tendo a relação docência-discência como ponto de partida para o entendimento de diversas questões relacionadas ao processo educativo, além do uso de metodologias ativas neste processo. Como metodologia foi realizada a revisão de literatura com temas relacionados à autonomia, proatividade e construção de conhecimento. Nesse contexto, percebe-se que o aluno deve ser um gestor do seu conhecimento no processo de aprendizagem, e o professor um mediador; a aprendizagem será significativa quando docentes e discentes contribuírem, cada um exercendo seu papel, de forma efetiva e eficaz no processo educativo; o aluno é o responsável primário na construção do seu conhecimento, exercendo suas atividades de maneira autônoma e proativa.    PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Autonomia; Proatividade; Docência-Discência.     ABSTRACT In this article we propose reflection on the learning process, having the teaching-learning relationship as a starting point for the understanding of various issues related to the educational process, in addition to the use of active methodologies in this process. As a methodology was conducted the revision of literature with themes related to autonomy, proactivity and knowledge construction. In this context, it is understood that the student must be a manager of his knowledge in the learning process, and the teacher a mediator; Learning will be significant when teachers and students contribute, each exercising their role in an effective and effective manner in the educational process; The student is the primary responsible in constructing his knowledge, exercising his activities autonomously and proactively.  KEYWORDS: Autonomy; Proactivity; Teaching-Learning.     RESUMEN En este artículo proponemos la reflexión sobre el proceso de aprendizaje, teniendo la relación entre enseñanza y aprendizaje como punto de partida para la comprensión de diversas cuestiones relacionadas con el proceso educativo, además del uso de metodologías activas en este proceso. Como metodología se llevó a cabo la revisión de la literatura con temas relacionados con la autonomía, la proactividad y la construcción del conocimiento. En ese contexto, se entiende que el alumno debe ser un gestor de su conocimiento en el proceso de aprendizaje, y el profesor un mediador; El aprendizaje será significativo cuando los docentes y los estudiantes contribuyan, cada uno ejerciendo su papel de manera efectiva y eficaz en el proceso educativo; El alumno es el responsable primario en la construcción de sus conocimientos, ejerciendo sus actividades de manera autónoma y proactiva.  PALABRAS CLAVE: Autonomía; Proactividad; Enseñanza-Aprendizaje
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