6 research outputs found

    Waste management through life cycle assessment of products

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    The rapid growth of a population in a country can contribute to high production of waste. Municipal waste and industrial waste can bring unhealthy and unpleasant environment or even diseases to human beings if the wastes are not managed properly. With increasing concerns over waste and the need for 'greener' products, it is necessary to carry out Life Cycle Assessments of products and this will help manufacturers take the first steps towards greener designs by assessing their product's carbon output. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a process to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, process or activity by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment, and to assess the impact of those energy and material used and released to the environment. The aim of the study was to use a life cycle assessment approach to determine which waste disposal options that will substantially reduce the environmental burdens posed by the Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle. Several important observations can be made. 1)Recycling of the PET bottle waste can significantly reduce the energy requiredacross the life cycle because the high energy inputs needed to process the requisite virgin materials greatly exceeds the energy needs of the recycling process steps. 2)Greenhouse gases can be reduced by opting for recycling instead of landfilling andincineration. 3)Quantity of waste emissions released from different disposal options was identified. 4)Recycling is the environmentally preferable disposal method for the PET bottle. Industry can use the tools and data in this study to evaluate the health, environmental, and energy implications of the PET bottle. LCA intends to aid decision-makers in this respect, provided that the scientific underpinning is available. Strategic incentives for product development and life cycle management can then be developed

    Degradation of potassium ferrocyanide used as an anti-caking agent

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    ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ качСства поставляСмых Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° слСТиваСмсти, прСдставляСт собой Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ. Π’ качСствС антислСТиватСля для Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использован Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ калия, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ сущСствСнный нСдостаток, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² процСссС хранСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° KCl Π½Π° складС Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ суток Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ дСградация ΠΈ сниТСниС содСрТания Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π½Π° 20 %, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ впослСдствии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ транспортировкС морским ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ транспортом ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ слСТиваСмости ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΈ рСкламациям ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Анализ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растворах ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ЦСль: установлСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ сниТСния содСрТания Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π½Π° повСрхности кристаллов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Для установлСния процСсса Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ раствора Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия использовали тСорСтичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ разлоТСния Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ тСрмодинамичСского, синхронного тСрмичСского, химичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ элСктронной микроскопии. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ВСорСтичСским Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ химичСская дСградация Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π² основном ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тСрмичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ раствора антислСТиватСля с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ осадка гидроксида ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ синильной кислоты. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях раствор антислСТиватСля Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ‹Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° горячий ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ KCl, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ экспСримСнты, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… растворы Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ наносили Π½Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ калия ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ тСрмичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ с ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° KCl с 60 Π΄ΠΎ 120 Β°Π‘ процСсс Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ антислСТиватСля усиливаСтся, Π° остаточноС содСрТаниС Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π΅ сниТаСтся. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π² растворС антислСТиватСля Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ калия Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° горячСго ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия способствуСт ΡƒΡΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ высыхания раствора антислСТиватСля, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ распрСдСлСниС Π½Π° повСрхности кристаллов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° KCl.The relevance. Improving the quality of potash fertilizers supplied abroad, the indicators of which include the value of caking, is an urgent problem. As an anti-caking agent for potassium chloride, potassium ferrocyanide can be used, which has a significant drawback, which is that during the storage of the KCl product in the warehouse during the day, degradation and decrease in the content of potassium ferrocyanide by 20 % are observed, which subsequently during transportation by sea or rail transport leads to product caking and consumer complaints. Analysis of the causes of degradation showed that hydrolysis of ferrocyanides can occur in aqueous solutions. The aim of the research is to determine the reasons for degradation and decrease in potassium ferrocyanide content on the surface of the crystals of the potassium chloride product. Methods. To establish the degradation of potassium ferrocyanide aqueous solution, a theoretical analysis of the literature data on the mechanism of potassium ferrocyanide decomposition, methods of thermodynamic, synchronous thermal, chemical analysis and electron microscopy were used. Results. By theoretical analysis and experimentally, it has been established that the chemical degradation of potassium ferrocyanide occurs mainly during thermal treatment of aqueous solution of an anti-caking agent with the formation of a precipitate of iron hydroxide and hydrocyanic acid. Since the anti-caking agent solution is sprayed on the hot KCl product under industrial conditions, experiments were carried out in which solutions of potassium ferrocyanide with different concentrations were applied to potassium chloride and subjected to heat treatment. It was found that with an increase in processing temperature of the KCl product from 60 to 120 Β°C, the degradation of the anticaking agent increases, and the residual content of potassium ferrocyanide in the product decreases. With the increase in the heat treatment temperature and the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide in the anti-caking agent solution, its losses on potassium chloride increase. At the same time, the increased temperature of the hot potassium chloride product coming from the drying apparatus accelerates the drying of the anti-caking agent solution, which worsens its distribution on the surface of the KCl product crystals

    Degradation of potassium ferrocyanide used as an anti-caking agent

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    ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ качСства поставляСмых Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° слСТиваСмсти, прСдставляСт собой Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ. Π’ качСствС антислСТиватСля для Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использован Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ калия, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ сущСствСнный нСдостаток, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² процСссС хранСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° KCl Π½Π° складС Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ суток Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ дСградация ΠΈ сниТСниС содСрТания Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π½Π° 20 %, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ впослСдствии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ транспортировкС морским ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ транспортом ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ слСТиваСмости ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΈ рСкламациям ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Анализ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растворах ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ЦСль: установлСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ сниТСния содСрТания Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π½Π° повСрхности кристаллов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Для установлСния процСсса Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ раствора Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия использовали тСорСтичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ разлоТСния Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ тСрмодинамичСского, синхронного тСрмичСского, химичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ элСктронной микроскопии. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ВСорСтичСским Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ химичСская дСградация Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π² основном ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тСрмичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ раствора антислСТиватСля с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ осадка гидроксида ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ синильной кислоты. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях раствор антислСТиватСля Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ‹Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° горячий ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ KCl, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ экспСримСнты, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… растворы Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ наносили Π½Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ калия ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ тСрмичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ с ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° KCl с 60 Π΄ΠΎ 120 Β°Π‘ процСсс Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ антислСТиватСля усиливаСтся, Π° остаточноС содСрТаниС Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π΅ сниТаСтся. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия Π² растворС антислСТиватСля Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ калия Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° горячСго ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° калия способствуСт ΡƒΡΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ высыхания раствора антислСТиватСля, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ распрСдСлСниС Π½Π° повСрхности кристаллов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° KCl.The relevance. Improving the quality of potash fertilizers supplied abroad, the indicators of which include the value of caking, is an urgent problem. As an anti-caking agent for potassium chloride, potassium ferrocyanide can be used, which has a significant drawback, which is that during the storage of the KCl product in the warehouse during the day, degradation and decrease in the content of potassium ferrocyanide by 20 % are observed, which subsequently during transportation by sea or rail transport leads to product caking and consumer complaints. Analysis of the causes of degradation showed that hydrolysis of ferrocyanides can occur in aqueous solutions. The aim of the research is to determine the reasons for degradation and decrease in potassium ferrocyanide content on the surface of the crystals of the potassium chloride product. Methods. To establish the degradation of potassium ferrocyanide aqueous solution, a theoretical analysis of the literature data on the mechanism of potassium ferrocyanide decomposition, methods of thermodynamic, synchronous thermal, chemical analysis and electron microscopy were used. Results. By theoretical analysis and experimentally, it has been established that the chemical degradation of potassium ferrocyanide occurs mainly during thermal treatment of aqueous solution of an anti-caking agent with the formation of a precipitate of iron hydroxide and hydrocyanic acid. Since the anti-caking agent solution is sprayed on the hot KCl product under industrial conditions, experiments were carried out in which solutions of potassium ferrocyanide with different concentrations were applied to potassium chloride and subjected to heat treatment. It was found that with an increase in processing temperature of the KCl product from 60 to 120 Β°C, the degradation of the anticaking agent increases, and the residual content of potassium ferrocyanide in the product decreases. With the increase in the heat treatment temperature and the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide in the anti-caking agent solution, its losses on potassium chloride increase. At the same time, the increased temperature of the hot potassium chloride product coming from the drying apparatus accelerates the drying of the anti-caking agent solution, which worsens its distribution on the surface of the KCl product crystals

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