Comportamento de vôo, de alimentação e de reprodução de adultos de Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)

Phyllophaga cuyabana is a univoltine species and its development occurs completely underground. Its control by conventional methods, such as chemical and biological insecticides, is difficult, so it is important to understand its dispersion, reproduction, and population behavior in order to determine best pest management strategies. The objective of this work was to study the behavior of adults of P. cuyabana. This study was carried out in the laboratory, greenhouse and field sites in Paraná State, Brazil (24º25' S and 52º48' W), during four seasons. The results obtained demonstrate that: a) P. cuyabana adults have a synchronized short-flight period when mating and reproduction occurs; b) adults tend to aggregate in specific sites for mating; c) the majority of adults left the soil on alternate nights; d) the choice of mating and oviposition sites was made by females before copulation, since after copulation adults did not fly from or bury themselves at nearby locations; e) females that fed on leaves after mating, oviposited more eggs than females that had not fed;f) plant species such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and the Crotalaria juncea are important food sources for adults.Phyllophaga cuyabana é uma espécie univoltina cujo desenvolvimento ocorre no solo. Seu controle por inseticidas químicos e biológicos é difícil, assim é importante entender sua dispersão, reprodução e comportamento populacional a fim de identificar estratégias potenciais de manejo dessa praga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento de adultos de P. cuyabana. O estudo foi realizado em laboratório, casa de vegetação e campo, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil (24º25' S e 52º48' O), durante quatro safras. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que: a) os adultos de P. cuyabana têm um vôo sincronizado durante um curto período quando ocorre o acasalamento e reprodução; b) os adultos tendem a se agregar em sítios específicos para o acasalamento; c) a maioria dos adultos deixa o solo em noites alternadas; d) a escolha do sítio de acasalamento e oviposição é feita pelas fêmeas antes da cópula; após a cópula os adultos não voam e se enterram em locais próximos; e) as fêmeas que ingerem folhas após o acasalamento ovipositam mais que as fêmeas que não se alimentam;f) espécies vegetais como girassol (Helianthus annuus) e Crotalaria juncea são importantes fontes de alimento para os adultos.179186Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Correlation between the audiologic findings and buzz disturbing

INTRODUÇÃO: A correlação da perda auditiva com o zumbido pode ser justificada se considerarmos que esta é o fator desencadeante do zumbido, uma vez que danos ou degenerações da orelha interna e do nervo vestibulococlear podem ser geradores do zumbido. Segundo os diferentes relatos, 85 a 96% dos pacientes com zumbido apresentam algum grau de perda auditiva. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o sexo, idade, grau e tipo de perda auditiva com o incômodo ocasionado pela presença do zumbido dos pacientes da clínica de Dispositivos Eletrônicos Aplicados a Surdez. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de natureza exploratória de 100 prontuários de indivíduos regularmente matriculados na Clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo FOB/USP com uso do instrumento THI (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: O sexo, a idade assim como o grau de perda auditiva não possuem influência sobre o incômodo gerado pelo zumbido, porém a ocorrência da perda auditiva em portadores de zumbido é progressivamente maior conforme o avanço da idade e em indivíduos com perda auditiva do tipo sensorioneural.INTRODUCTION: The correlation of the auditive lost with buzz can be justified if we consider that this is a triggering buzz, once that the injury or internal ear degeneracy and of the vestibularcoclear can be the buzz generators. Accordingly with the different reports 85% to 96% of patients with buzz show some degree or auditive lost. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the sex, age, degree and type of auditive lost with triggering produced by buzz's presence in the patients of Clinica de Dispositivos Eletronicos Aplicados à Surdez.(Clinic of Eletronic Dispositives Related to Deafness). METHOD: Retrospective study of exploratory nature in 100 individuals handbooks regularly matriculated in Clinica de Fonoaudiologia from Faculdade de Odontologia of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo FOB/USP with the usage of THI instrument (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : Sex, age and also degree of auditive lost do not have influence over the triggering produced by the buzz, but the auditive lost occurrence in buzz potter is progressively major accordingly with age improvement and in individual with auditive lost from sensorioneural type

How Do Taxonomic and Functional Diversity Metrics Change Along an Aridity Gradient in a Tropical Dry Forest?

Ecological indicators based on biodiversity metrics are valuable and cost-effective tools to quantify, track and understand the effects of climate change on ecosystems. Studying changes in these indicators along climatic gradients in space is a common approach to infer about potential impacts of climate change over time, overcoming the limitations of lack of sufficiently long time-series data. Here, we studied the response of complementary biodiversity metrics in plants: taxonomic diversity (species richness and Simpson index) and functional diversity (diversity and redundancy) in 113 sampling sites along a spatial aridity gradient (from 0.27 to 0.69 of aridity index-AI) of 700 km in a Tropical dry forest. We found different responses of taxonomic and functional diversity metrics to aridity. Species diversity showed a hump-shaped curve peaking at intermediate levels of aridity between 0.38 and 0.52 AI as an ecotone, probably because it is where most species, from both drier and more mesic environments, still find conditions to co-exist. Functional diversity showed a positive linear relation with increasing aridity, suggesting higher aridity favors drought-adapted species with diverse functional traits. In contrast, redundancy showed a negative linear relation with increasing aridity, indicating that drier sites have few species sharing the same functional traits and resource acquisition strategies. Thus, despite the increase in functional diversity toward drier sites, these communities are less resilient since they are composed of a small number of plant species with unique functions, increasing the chances that the loss of one of such "key species" could lead to the loss of key ecosystem functions. These findings show that the integration of complementary taxonomic and functional diversity metrics, beyond the individual response of each one, is essential for reliably tracking the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. This work also provides support to the use of these biodiversity metrics as ecological indicators of the potential impact of climate change on drylands over time.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Movimentos de migração e dispersão de adultos da cigarrinha-das-pastagens

The effect of adults of the spittlebug (Deois flavopicta Stal) movement in their population dynamics was evaluated in pastures of Brachiaria ruziziensis in Brasília, DF, Brazil. Plastic panels containing adesive trap were used to monitorate the movement rates. The data suggest a lack of pattern related to the geographical position of the traps. Vegetation landscapes similar to pastures fields around the study area seemed to favour the dispersion, whilst Cerrados or wood vegetation in the neighborhood inhibted insect dispersion toward this direction and increased return rate of spittlebugs to the pasture. Spittlebugs moved mainly by short, low jumping flights (bellow 1 m). A proportion of 4:1 male:female was captured in the traps, indicating that males move more than females. The movement of marked and recaptured populations was monitored with non-toxic fluorescent powder. Speed rates lower than 5 m/day was observed. Adult dispersion movement, apparently, does not contribute significantly to the loss or recruitment of individuals to populations of D. flavopicta. Consequently, there is no need to consider this movement in modeling this insect population dynamics. Migration may have a role in this dynamics except in some cases, such as outbreaks and local extinction.O efeito do movimento de adultos da cigarrinha-das-pastagens (Deois flavopicta Stal) em sua dinâmica populacional foi avaliado em pastagens de Brachiaria ruziziensis na região do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Foram utilizados painéis de plástico com cola adesiva para monitorar as taxas de movimentação. Os dados sugerem a ausência de um padrão predominante de movimentação em relação à posição geográfica das armadilhas. A ocorrência de vegetação baixa, semelhante às pastagens em volta da área estudada, aparentemente favoreceu a dispersão, ao passo que a ocorrência de cerrados ou matas na vizinhança inibiu o movimento nesta direção e aumentou a taxa de retorno da cigarrinha às pastagens. O inseto se deslocou principalmente mediante saltos ou vôos curtos e baixos (abaixo de 1 m). Uma proporção aproximada de 4:1 (macho:fêmea) foi capturada nas armadilhas, indicando que os machos movimentam-se mais que as fêmeas. A velocidade média de movimentação, de populações marcadas com pó fluorescente atóxico e recapturadas após períodos variáveis de liberação, foi inferior a 5 m por dia. O movimento de dispersão de adultos não contribui significativamente para a perda ou recrutamento de adultos em populações de D. flavopicta, a não ser em casos de explosões populacionais ou extinção local

Pachycondyla obscuricornis as natural enemy of the spittlebug Deois flavopicta

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a formiga Pachycondyla obscuricornis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pode atuar no controle biológico de populações de ninfas da cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois flavopicta Stal (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Foram estudados o comportamento de caça da formiga e sua taxa de consumo da presa. Pachycondyla obscuricornis não apresenta comportamento agressivo em relação a indivíduos da mesma espécie, quando estes não carregam presas; pode deslocar-se por distâncias superiores a 10 m em busca de presas e pode nidificar a até 1 m de ninhos da mesma espécie. A formiga apresentou hábito de caça solitário, ausência de recrutamento, e deslocamento rápido pela vegetação. A taxa de predação aumentou com a abundância da cigarrinha, chegando a representar 93,8% das presas capturadas. Pachycondyla obscuricornis é predadora voraz e representa potencial agente de controle de populações da cigarrinha-das-pastagens em pastagens cultivadas.The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential control of the ant Pachycondyla obscuricornis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on populations of nymphs of the spittlebug, Deois flavopicta Stal (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Foraging behavior and prey consumption rate of P. obscuricornis were evaluated. Field data revealed that P. obscuricornis does not show aggressive behavior against individuals of the same species, when they are not carrying a prey; they can patrol distances larger than 10 m searching for prey, and they can build their nest as close as 1 m from each other. The ant has a solitary patrolling habit, there is no recruitment behavior, and individuals dislocate fast, browsing on soil and vegetation for prey. Predation rate on spittlebug nymphs increased relative to the spittlebug abundance, reaching 93.8% of captured prey. Pachycondyla obscuricornis is a voracious predator and may control the population of spittlebugs in cultivated pastures

Effect of soil management on the white grub population and damage in soybean

Foram realizados vários experimentos para avaliar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de manejo de solo na população de corós (Phyllophaga cuyabana Moser), e seus danos em soja, em áreas de plantio direto e de preparo convencional do solo (preparo primário com arado de discos e uma gradagem niveladora). Vários implementos utilizados no preparo primário de solo, como arado de aivecas, arado de discos, escarificador e grade aradora também foram avaliados. A flutuação populacional de corós e a intensidade de dano causado por eles foram similares nas áreas de plantio direto e de preparo convencional. Os implementos de preparo primário do solo afetaram a população de corós diferentemente, dependendo da época em que o preparo de solo foi executado. A mortalidade larval pode ser atribuída mais à exposição a fatores adversos logo após o preparo, do que a mudanças nas condições do solo. A redução na população de corós foi mais evidente nas parcelas preparadas com implementos mais pesados, como arado de aivecas. O manejo de solo pode ser um componente dentro do manejo de pragas do solo em soja, porém sua utilização não pode ser generalizada.To evaluate the effect of soil management systems on population of white grubs, (Phyllophaga cuyabana Moser), and on its damage in soybean, experiments were set up under no-tillage and conventional tillage (one disk plow, and a leveling disk harrow) areas. Primary tillage equipment, used in other soil management systems, such as moldboard plow, disk plow, chisel plow and heavy duty disk harrow were also tested. Fluctuation of P. cuyabana population and the extent of its damage to soybean was similar under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Results comparing a range of primary tillage equipment showed that it affected soil insect populations differently, depending on the time during the season in which tillage was executed. Larval mortality could mostly be attributed to their exposure to adverse factors, soon after tillage, than to changes in soil conditions. Reduction of white grub population was more evident in plots managed by heavier equipment, such as the moldboard plow. Soil tillage could be one component within the soil pest management system in soybean, however, its use can not be generalized

A Europa do Conhecimento

UID/HIS/04209/2019 CEECIND/02433/2017publishersversionpublishe

Machine Learning and Virtual Reality on Body Movements¿ Behaviors to Classify Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

[EN] Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mostly diagnosed according to behavioral symptoms in sensory, social, and motor domains. Improper motor functioning, during diagnosis, involves the qualitative evaluation of stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, while quantitative methods that classify body movements' frequencies of children with ASD are less addressed. Recent advances in neuroscience, technology, and data analysis techniques are improving the quantitative and ecological validity methods to measure specific functioning in ASD children. On one side, cutting-edge technologies, such as cameras, sensors, and virtual reality can accurately detect and classify behavioral biomarkers, as body movements in real-life simulations. On the other, machine-learning techniques are showing the potential for identifying and classifying patients' subgroups. Starting from these premises, three real-simulated imitation tasks have been implemented in a virtual reality system whose aim is to investigate if machine-learning methods on movement features and frequency could be useful in discriminating ASD children from children with typical neurodevelopment. In this experiment, 24 children with ASD and 25 children with typical neurodevelopment participated in a multimodal virtual reality experience, and changes in their body movements were tracked by a depth sensor camera during the presentation of visual, auditive, and olfactive stimuli. The main results showed that ASD children presented larger body movements than TD children, and that head, trunk, and feet represent the maximum classification with an accuracy of 82.98%. Regarding stimuli, visual condition showed the highest accuracy (89.36%), followed by the visual-auditive stimuli (74.47%), and visual-auditive-olfactory stimuli (70.21%). Finally, the head showed the most consistent performance along with the stimuli, from 80.85% in visual to 89.36% in visual-auditive-olfactory condition. The findings showed the feasibility of applying machine learning and virtual reality to identify body movements' biomarkers that could contribute to improving ASD diagnosis.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness funded project "Immersive virtual environment for the evaluation and training of children with autism spectrum disorder: T Room" (IDI-20170912) and by the Generalitat Valenciana funded project REBRAND (PROMETEO/2019/105). Furthermore, this work was co-founded by the European Union through the Operational Program of the European Regional development Fund (ERDF) of the Valencian Community 2014-2020 (IDIFEDER/2018/029).Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Marín-Morales, J.; Minissi, ME.; Teruel Garcia, G.; Abad, L.; Chicchi-Giglioli, IA. (2020). 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Serotonin transporter in the temporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala in SUDEP

Several lines of evidence link deficient serotonin function and SUDEP. Chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) reduces ictal central apnoea, a risk factor for SUDEP. Reduced medullary serotonergic neurones, modulators of respiration in response to hypercapnia, were reported in a SUDEP post-mortem series. The amygdala and hippocampus have high serotonergic innervation and are functionally implicated in seizure-related respiratory dysregulation. We explored serotonergic networks in mesial temporal lobe structures in a surgical and post-mortem epilepsy series in relation to SUDEP risk. We stratified 75 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) into high (N = 16), medium (N = 11) and low risk (N = 48) groups for SUDEP based on generalised seizure frequency. We also included the amygdala in 35 post-mortem cases, including SUDEP (N = 17), epilepsy controls (N = 10) and non-epilepsy controls (N = 8). The immunohistochemistry labelling index (LI) and axonal length (AL) of serotonin transporter (SERT)-positive axons were quantified in 13 regions of interest with image analysis. SERT LI was highest in amygdala and subiculum regions. In the surgical series, higher SERT LI was observed in high risk than low risk cases in the dentate gyrus, CA1 and subiculum (p < 0.05). In the post-mortem cases higher SERT LI and AL was observed in the basal and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala and peri-amygdala cortex in SUDEP compared to epilepsy controls (p < 0.05). Patients on SRI showed higher SERT in the dentate gyrus (p < 0.005) and CA4 (p < 0.05) but there was no difference in patients with or without a psychiatric history. Higher SERT in hippocampal subfields in TLE/HS cases with SUDEP risk factors and higher amygdala SERT in post-mortem SUDEP cases than epilepsy controls supports a role for altered serotonergic networks involving limbic regions in SUDEP. This may be of functional relevance through reduced 5-HT availability