Synthesis and Characterization of Gelatin-G-Poly (Acryloyl Amide) Proflavine and Controlled Release Study

Gelatin-grafted N- proflavine acryl amide was synthesized through two steps; firstly the Gelatin was grafted with acrylic acid free radically using Ammonium per-sulfate at 60?, Then it was modified to its corresponding acyl chloride derivation, second step included the substitution with amino group of proflavine, in this research Gelatin was used as a natural nontoxic,   water soluble polymer as a drug carrier. The prepared pro drug polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, Controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37?. Many advantages were obtained comparing with other known methods. Keywords: Gelatin, Acrylic acid, Proflavine and Gelatin,.and pro-drug polyme

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Synthesis of Poly (Acryl Lactate) with Ampicillin

Lactic acid was used as di functional spacer could esterified with poly acrylic acid gave its corresponding ester derivative with remain the carboxylic acid of lactate unit which reacted with amino group of Ampicillin forming amide attachment, the prepared prodrug polymer have many improvement, it could enhanced the prodrug with easier hydrolysis through ester- amide groups with extended the arm pendant substituted drug, the modification percentage test was carried out, also it was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. Controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37℃. High thermal stability of the drug polymer was observed by TG and DTG indicated the protection of drug with longer date. Keywords: Lactic acid, poly acrylic acid, Ampicillin

Predicting Behavioral Intention of Rural Inhabitants toward Economic Incentive for Deforestation in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

The conservation of forest in the northern areas of Pakistan is the major priority of the national environmental policy to fight against global warming. Despite the policy for the protection of forest, rural residents’ behavior toward economic incentives for deforestation may undermine their conservation goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the factors that affect the illegal behaviors related to deforestation in the northern areas of Pakistan. The present study applied the socio-psychological theory of planned behavior to predict the behavioral intention of rural residents toward economic incentives for deforestation. Correlations were explored between background factors toward motivations for deforestation based on positive and negative views through open-ended questions. Attitude and descriptive norm were found good predictors to perceive the behaviors. The findings of the study suggest that rural communities’ support for compliance with policies is vital for the long-term efficacy and protection of the forest in the region. Further, change in the behaviors of inhabitants toward the ecosystem through training can be improved to manage the forest

Energy forecasting using multiheaded convolutional neural networks in efficient renewable energy resources equipped with energy storage system

Renewable energy resources (RERs) motivate electricity users to reduce their energy bills by taking benefit of self-generated green energy. Different studies have already pointed out that, because of the absence of proper technical support and awareness, the energy users were not able to sufficiently take paybacks from the RERs. However, with the commencement of smart grids, the potential benefits of RERs and dynamic pricing schemes can be exploited. Nonetheless, the big issue is the accurate prediction of energy produced by intermittent RERs. In this work, we have proposed an efficient framework by integrating energy storage system (ESS) and RERs with smart homes. This framework has shown significant results, which make it helpful and suitable for energy management at a community level. We applied a multiheaded convolutional neural network model for precise and accurate prediction of produced energy by RERs. Moreover, we have considered a smart community consisting of 80 homes. Simulation results prove that the proposed framework helps to decrease the energy bill of consumers by 58.32% and 63.02% through integration of RERs without and with ESS, respectively

Socio-Economic Impacts of Livelihood from Fuelwood and Timber Consumption on the Sustainability of Forest Environment: Evidence from Basho Valley, Baltistan, Pakistan

Forests across the world are considered to be a huge socio-economic and environmental benefit to host and adjacent communities. This study focuses on assessing the impacts of fuelwood and timber consumption on the livelihood of households in the Baltistan region in Pakistan. Primary and secondary sources of data were employed for the study. The primary sources involved the use of questionnaire survey and interview while the secondary sources involved the use of documented information in textbooks and internet materials. The study revealed that 82% of the people within the region were involved in agricultural activities, 71% depended on the extraction of forest resources for their livelihood, while 18% depended on off-farm activities for their livelihood. The study also observed that among the number that depended on forest resources for their livelihood, 59% were involved in the extraction of non-timber forest products while 41% were involved in the extraction of timber forest resources. The study further revealed that there was no significant difference in the level of benefits from the forest across the seven districts under investigation with a chi square value. The volume of forest products extraction was found to be high closest to the forest and to be low with increasing distance from the communities. The major benefits from the forest range were due to employment that increases the individual and family income. Forest also helps to control erosion and enhances aesthetic beautification and temperature regulation. The research suggests that the policy makers must provide a sustainable solution to reduce the overexploitation of the forest resources by providing better alternative earning resources to the resident communities

Review and implementation of resilient public safety networks: 5G, IoT and emerging technologies

This paper highlights the importance of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G networks in sustainable cities, focusing on disaster management systems. It also discusses suitable 5G communication technologies in disaster-affected and communications outage areas. The paper surveys various potential emerging communication technologies such as IoT, Device to Device (D2D) communications, vehicular networks, cloud and fog computing, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and sensor networks for the disaster situations. The presented work offers an insight in collaborative solutions using diverse technologies, which benefits from ever-rising wireless connected devices to support communications in natural catastrophes. The paper also presents extensive taxonomy for a disaster communication system and shares key results in selected areas. The key requirements for successful deployment of the robust communications system are also presented