Potensi Marungga atau Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Lokal Nusa Tenggara Timur Sebagai Komoditas Pangan Fungsional

Kotta NRE, Sitorus A. 2020. Potential of marungga or moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) local east Nusa Tenggara as a functional food commodity. In:Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-8 Tahun 2020, Palembang 20Oktober 2020. pp. xx. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Marungga or moringa is a source of functional food because it contains high nutrients and bioactive compounds. In ENT, there are two types of marungga, namely green and red marungga, which have been registered at the Center for Protection and Registration of Plant Varieties in 2019. The ENT Regional Government has compiled a Road map to develop marungga as a superior commodity. However, the development of marungga must be followed by optimal product utilization. Therefore, the purpose of writing this paper is to review marungga as a source of functional food so that people understand the importance of consuming marungga for health. This paper contains: 1) the physical characteristics of the red and green marungga from ENT; 2) The nutritional potential of marungga functional food; 3) Physiochemical properties of marungga; 4) Processed products of marungga as functional food. Based on the results of the review, marungga is a functional food commodity that is rich in functional bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, natural sugars, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. These compounds make marungga have pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. If it is related to cases of malnutrition, ENThas the highest rate of malnutrition in Indonesia. So it is expected that the content of 40 essential nutrients in marungga can be used as complementary foods for malnutrition children

Keragaan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Hibrida pada Agroekosistem Lahan Kering Iklim Kering Nusa Tenggara Timur

Sitorus A, Kotta NRE, Hosang EY.  2020. Performance of hybrid maize growth and production on dry land and dry climate agroecosystem of east Nusa Tenggara province. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-8 Tahun 2020, Palembang 20 Oktober 2020. pp. xx.  Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Corn is an important commodity in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) because it is the main staple food for most people besides rice, but its productivity is still relatively low. One of solution to increase maize productivity is the use of high-yielding hybrid maize varieties, but their performance under dry land and dry climates of ENT is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of various hybrid maize varieties on dry land and dry climate so that it can be used as a reference for farmers in ENT. The assessment was carried out in Oeteta Village, Sulamu District, Kupang Regency in January-April 2020. The hybrid maize varieties studied were Nasa 29, JH 27, JH 37, JH 45, Pertiwi 2, Pertiwi 5, Pertiwi 6, NK212, Pioneer P21, and NK7328 Sumo. The parameters observed were vegetative and generative growth. Data were analyzed using Analys of Variance at significance level 5% and further tested with the Tukey HSD test at significance level 5% to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that the variety factor had a significant effect on maize production. Corn yields ranged from 5.67 tonnes/ha - 8.35 tonnes/ha with the highest yields on the Nasa 29 variety but not significantly different from Pertiwi 6, NK7328 Sumo, JH 27, and Pertiwi 5 in the Tukey HSD test at significance level 5%. The average B/C ratio for hybrid maize farming was 1.94. Varieties with B/C ratio value above the average consecutively, namely: Nasa 29, followed by Pertiwi 6, NK7328 Sumo, JH 27, and Pertiwi 5. Based on productivity considerations, hybrid maize varieties are well adapted and recommended to dry land and dry climate of ENT is Nasa 29, followed by Pertiwi 6, NK7328 Sumo, JH 27, and Pertiwi 5

Penyuluhan Peningkatan Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat Terhadap Perilaku Peduli Hukum Dan Lingkungan Melalui Program Kemitraan Masyarakat

Peningkatan perilaku peduli hukum dan Penegakan  hukum  memerlukan  ketegasan  aparat  dan  kesadaran  masyarakat.  Penegakan hukum  akan  menjamin  kehidupan  berbangsa  dan  bernegara  yang  aman.  Masyarakat  perlu kesadaran   hukum   yang   tinggi   sehingga   mempunyai   perilaku   hukum   yang   tinggi. Provinsi Sumatera Utara merupakan  salah  satu  provinsi  yang  setiap  tahunnya  mengalami  kebakaran lahan  dan  hutan.  Faktor  kebakaran  lahan  dan  hutan  meliputi  faktor  alam  dan  manusia.  Faktor alam terutama musim kemarau merupakan faktor yang sulit dikendalikan maka salah satu langkah preventifnya   adalah   mengendalikan faktor   manusia.   Pengendalian faktor   manusia   melalui peningkatan peduli hukum dan lingkungan sehingga manusia tidak melakukan pelanggaran hukum terutama   pembakaran   lahan   dan   hutan.   Program   Kemitraan   Masyarakat   Peduli   Hukum merupakan   salah   satu   cara   meningkatkan  perilaku   peduli   hukum   dan  lingkungan.  Metode pelaksanaan  kegiatan  PKM  ini  melalui  sosialisasi  dan  penyuluhan,  demonstrasi  dan  pelatihan, dan  pendampingan  terhadap  mitra  yaitu masyarakat  Desa Singa  Kabupaten Karo meliputi  para  petani, ibu-ibu PKK dan karang taruna. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa aparat  Desa Singa Kabupaten Karo dan  masyarakat antusias  mengikuti  kegiatan  ini.  Kegiatan  dilakukan  di  sela-sela  kesibukan bekerja masyarakat Desa Singa Kabupaten Karo. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan pendekatan secara persuasif sehingga   interaksi   dengan   masyarakat   menjadi   nyaman.   Hal   ini   dilakukan   agar   transfer pengetahuan  dan  ketrampilan  berjalan  dengan  baik.  Berdasarkan  hasil  kuisioner  sebelum  dan  sesudah  kegiatan  menunjukkan  bahwa  perilaku  peduli  hukum  dan  lingkungan  masyarakat  Desa Singa Kabupaten Karo meningkat.  Kondisi  ini  sangat  penting  untuk  menciptakan  penegakan  hukum  dan kepedulian lingkungan untuk kehidupan manusia yang nyama

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- A nd middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN TUMBUHAN INANG YANG TUMBUH PADA ULTISOL BAGI SPESIES FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR (FMA) DARI KELUARGA GLOMACEAE

Penelitian tentang identifikasi keragaman tumbuhan inang yang tumbuh pada Ultisol bagi species Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) dari keluarga Glomaceae telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Tanah dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, yang berlangsung dari bulan Juli 2012 – Desember 2012. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui persentase infeksi dan intensitas infeksi FMA dan mengetahui FMA endemik pada Jagung (Zea mays), Bunga Pahit (Tithonia diversifolia), Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica), Putri malu (Mimosa pudica), dan Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) serta mengetahui keragaman tumbuhan inang spesies Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices dan G. etunicatum yang tumbuh pada Ultisol. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan eksperimental. Variabel yang diamati ialah persentase infeksi, intensitas infeksi, identifikasi molekular, dan keragaman tumbuhan inang FMA. Adapun tumbuhan yang diteliti adalah Jagung (Z. mays), Bunga Pahit (T. diversifolia), Alang-alang (I. cylindrica), Putri Malu (M. pudica), dan Karamunting (R. tomentosa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase infeksi FMA pada tumbuhan yang diteliti berkisar antara 81,67-100% dengan intensitas infeksi berkisar antara 13,90-19,63%. Semua tumbuhan yang diteliti merupakan tumbuhan inang bagi G. mosseae dan G. intraradices dan merupakan spesies fungi mikoriza endemik tetapi bukan tumbuhan inang bagi G. etunicatum. Kata kunci : Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA), tumbuhan inang, Ultiso

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LUBANG TANAM PERMANEN DALAM BUDIDAYA JAGUNG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGATIF DAN GENERATIF DI LAHAN KERING BERIKLIM KERING

ABSTRACT The Effect of Using Permanent Planting Holes on Vegative and Generative Growth of Corn in Dryland with Dry Climate. The assessment of maize cultivation using permanent planting holes in dry land, rocky and dry climates executed in Kupang District involving 24 farmers of the Tunas Muda farmer group, from November 2018 to February 2019. The assessment aims  to know the effectiveness of using permanent planting holes in maize cultivation in dry land, rocky and dry climate, using Lamuru varieties. Permanent planting holes filled with 7 kg of compost and soil mixed, covered with straw. Each hole filled with one seeds, spacing of 40 x 40 x 80 cm. In the conventional way, it is not fertilized, with 2 seeds each holes, spacing 40 x 80 cm. Observed vegetatif parameter, focusing on plant height (cm), growth rate (%), and root length (cm). Plant height measurements once every 2 weeks, while root length was measured after the plants were harvested at 107 dap. The generative parameters measured were maize cob length (cm), cob circumference (cm), number of cob, and dry shell weight (g). Based on the different test (t student), it is known: all vegetative and generative growth parameters of maize planted in permanent holes show higher performance and are statistically significantly different compared to obtained from conventional maize planting. The use of permanent planting holes in maize cultivation in dry land, and dry climates where rocky soils are more effective, can increase maize productivity.Key words: maize, lamuru, permanent planting holes, dry land, dry climate ABSTRAK Pengkajian budidaya jagung menggunakan lubang tanam permanen di lahan kering beriklim kering dan berbatu-batu, telah dilakukan di Kabupaten Kupang melibatkan 24 orang petani anggota kelompok tani Tunas Muda, pada November 2018 sampai Februari 2019. Tujuan pengkajian untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas penggunaan lubang tanam permanen dalam budidaya jagung di lahan kering iklim kering yang berbatu-batu. Jagung yang ditanam, varietas Lamuru. Lubang tanam permanen diisi kompos 7 kg dicampur tanah kemudian ditutup jerami. Tiap lubang diisi satu butir benih jagung, jarak tanam 40 x 40 x 80 cm. Pada cara konvensional, tidak dipupuk, karena struktur tanahnya berbatu-batu. Tiap lubang tanaman diisi 2 butir benih, jarak tanam 40 x 80 cm. Parameter pertumbuhan vegetatif yang diamati, fokus pada tinggi tanaman (cm), laju pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman (%), dan panjang akar (cm). Pengukuran tinggi tanaman dilakukan 2 minggu sekali, sedangkan panjang akar diukur setelah tanaman dipanen pada umur 107 HST. Parameter generatif yang diukur adalah panjang tongkol (cm), lingkar tongkol (cm), jumlah tongkol (buah), dan berat pipilan kering (g). Berdasarkan uji beda (t student), diketahui:  semua parameter pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman jagung yang ditanam pada lubang permanen menunjukkan keragaan yang lebih tinggi dan secara statistik berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan parameter vegetatif dan generatif yang diperoleh dari lubang tanam jagung konvensional. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lubang tanam permanen pada budidaya jagung di lahan kering iklim kering yang tanahnya berbatu cukup efektif, mampu meningkatkan produktivitas jagung.Kata kunci: jagung, lamuru, lubang tanam permanen, lahan kering, iklim kerin