La potencialidad de la nube para el trabajo de campo en Geografía: el Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama

El proyecto de innovación y mejora de la calidad docente “La potencialidad de la nube para el trabajo de campo en Geografía: El P.N. de la Sierra de Guadarrama” pretende contribuir positivamente a desarrollar la sensibilidad y el sentido ético de los estudiantes y el profesorado hacia los paisajes y los espacios naturales protegidos, desde la diversidad de nuevas tecnologías y geoinformación que disponemos en el presente. Se desarrolla una cartografía digital con puntos de interés didáctico en relación a los valores del espacio, naturales y culturales, con imágenes georreferenciadas para su localización desde la misma plataforma, el aula o el terreno, así como propuestas de actividades para los docentes

Optimization of sustainability conditions of the multilayer enclosure of "La Casa Solar"

The Polytechnic University of Madrid has designed an industrialized prototype of a single family house, to participate in the Solar Decathlon 2007 Contest. The design objective was the complete energy self-sufficiency in the annual cycle, and become a research platform for the optimization of this objective. Inside the research lines for the optimization of the prototype there is the one that studies the sustainable materials of the house. We have studied the enclosures of the SD07 prototype to improve the choice of each material involved. The design of the prototype SD0 7 used materials from renewable sources (vegetable fiber panels, OSB), recyclable materials (cold-formed steel), recycled materials (almond shell panels), and material that can be reusable (rolled steel sections, insulation panels, wood panels, floors). We have carried out a simplified assessment of the sustainable conditions of materials used in multilayer prototype SD07 enclosures. We noted, that overall, the level of sustainability of materials used in the prototype SD07 allows us to improve the characteristics of the sustainable design. We have found the main goal for the development of the sustainability that can incorporate aspects for healthier and more respectful conditions for people and the environment

Autonomous Wristband Placement in a Moving Hand for Victims in Search and Rescue Scenarios With a Mobile Manipulator.

In this letter, we present an autonomous method for the placement of a sensorized wristband to victims in a Search-And-Rescue (SAR) scenario. For this purpose, an all-terrain mobile robot includes a mobile manipulator, which End-Effector (EE) is equipped with a detachable sensorized wristband. The wristband consists of two links with a shared shaft and a spring. This configuration allows the wristband to maintain fixed to the EE while moving and get placed around the victim’s forearm once the contact is produced. The method has two differentiated phases: i) The visual moving hand tracking phase, where a 3D vision system detects the victim’s hand pose. At the same time, the robotic manipulator tracks it with a Model Predictive Controller (MPC). ii) The haptic force-controlled phase, where the wristband gets placed around the victim’s forearm controlling the forces exerted. The wristband design is also discussed, considering the magnitude of the force needed for the attachment and the torque the wristband exerts to the forearm. Two experiments are carried out, one in the laboratory to evaluate the performance of the method and the second one in a SAR scenario, with the robotic manipulator integrated with the all-terrain mobile robot. Results show a 97.4% success in the wristband placement procedure and a good performance of the whole system in a large scale disaster exercisePlan Propio de la Universidad de Málaga, y Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci ón y Universidades, Gobierno de España, RTI2018-093421-B-I00. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

How effective are policies to reduce gasoline consumption? Evaluating a quasi-natural experiment in Spain

Using a panel of 48 provinces for four years we empirically analyze a series of temporary policies aimed at curbing fuel consumption implemented in Spain between March and June 2011. The first policy was a reduction in the speed limit in highways. The second policy was an increase in the biofuel content of fuels used in the transport sector. The third measure was a reduction of 5% in commuting and regional train fares that resulted in two major metropolitan areas reducing their overall fare for public transit. The results indicate that the speed limit reduction in highways reduced gasoline consumption by between 2% and 3%, while an increase in the biofuel content of gasoline increased this consumption. This last result is consistent with experimental evidence that indicates that mileage per liter falls with an increase in the biofuel content in gasolines. As for the reduction in transit fares, we do not find a significant effect for this policy. However, in specifications including the urban transit faré for the major cities in each province the estimated cross-price elasticity of the demand for gasoline -used as a proxy for car use- with respect to the price of transit is within the range reported in the literature. This is important since one of the main efficiency justification for subsidizing public transit rests on the positive value of this parameter and most of the estimates reported in the literature are quite dated

El estilo de aprendizaje y su relación con la educación entre pares

The objectives of this work are: to diagnose the Learning Style (LS) of the students of compulsory secondary education (ESO), to know their perception of the peer tutoring and to analyze the relationship between the students’ LS and peer tutoring. The empirical study was conducted with students from all courses of the ESO in 6 school centers in Spain. Data collection was performed using two instruments: the CHAEA and a questionnaire designed by the team of research on peer tutor. In the results it is found that the students´LS is predominantly reflective, students consider the figure of the peer tutor right for learning, and the largest significant differences were found between the active Style and peer tutor.Los objetivos de esta investigación son: diagnosticar el Estilo de Aprendizaje (EA) del alumnadode la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), conocer la percepción de este alumnado sobre la figura del compañero tutor, y analizar la relación entre el EA del alumnado y la figura del compañero tutor. Se plantean como hipótesis que no existen diferencias entre los Estilos de Aprendizaje del alumnado y las características del compañero tutor. El estudio empírico se llevó a cabo con estudiantes de todos los cursos de la ESO en 6 Centros en España. La recogida de datos se realizó con dos instrumentos: el CHAEA y un cuestionario diseñado por el propio equipo de investigación sobre compañero tutor. En los resultados se comprueba que el EA del alumnado es predominantemente reflexivo, que los alumnos consideran la figura del compañero tutor adecuada para su aprendizaje, y las mayores diferencias significativas se encuentran entre el Estilo activo y el compañero tutor

Thermal performance of ligth multi-layered facades

Traditional façade systems are at the point where the minimum comfort guarantees have peaked, showing hygrothermic performance deficiencies which result in higher heating consumption, which is why it´s necessary to make improvements in design and building construction, especially in envelopes, for which efficient building enclosures should be used, generating notable benefits. For these reasons, the study of new façade construction systems is essential, particularly light multi-layers, which offer favorable characteristics for energy consumption savings. With this background, the main aim of this study is to generate knowledge to find out to what extent light multi-layered façades are better, determining which façades are the most efficient and guarantee the comfort conditions of a building, contributing in this way to energy consumption savings. To carry out this study, a methodology of analysis shall be used, signifying that in the first phase a theoretical study has been made, analyzing different configurations of the sample façades, to obtain their thermal performance, using two different methods, thermographic and thermal, obtaining in the thermographic study: surface temperatures of the façades, while in the thermal simulation, generating isotherms, heat flows, data on thermal coupling coefficients to calculate the value of the thermal transmittance and surface conditions, among others. Therefore, using this data, the conclusion has been reached that comparing a traditional enclosure to a light multi-layered one of equal thickness, an improvement of 65% can be achieved in the thermal transmittance, which signifies a saving in energy consumption, exceeding the Technical Building Code

Relación entre rasgos y tipos de personalidad con la especialidad médica elegida por un grupo de médicos residentes

ResumenIntroducciónEl estudio de los rasgos y tipos de personalidad de los médicos se inició en los Estados Unidos en 1960 bajo la hipótesis de que la personalidad induce la elección del tipo de especialidad médica que se decide realizar. En Chile y España es donde más se ha estudiado esta relación. En México hay pocos estudios que han servido para comprender las formas en las que afrontan los problemas que se presentan durante su formación. Este es el primer estudio que se realiza con los médicos residentes de las diferentes especialidades que se imparten en el Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra con la hipótesis de que existe relación entre los tipos de personalidad con la especialidad elegida.ObjetivoDeterminas si los tipos de personalidad de los médicos residentes del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación difieren significativamente entre las distintas especialidades.MétodoSe realizó un estudio transversal aplicando el cuestionario factorial de la personalidad 16PF-5 a 50 médicos residentes de cinco de las siete especialidades que se cursan en el Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra. El cuestionario explora 16 rasgos primarios con los cuales se integran 5 dimensiones generales de personalidad. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con SPSS 17. Para la comparación de dos proporciones se aplicó chi cuadrado, la forma de la distribución de las puntuaciones del cuestionario factorial de personalidad se corroboraron con el estadístico Kolmogorov Smirnov. Las comparaciones de medias por sexo se efectuaron con t de Student para muestras independientes o en su caso con U de Mann Whitney. Las comparaciones de medias por especialidad se hicieron con el análisis de varianza o con Kruskal- Wallis, los análisis multivariados se realizaron con el modelo de análisis discriminante y análisis de varianza de dos factores.ResultadosDe los 16 rasgos destacan: razonamiento, tensión y autosuficiencia; más bajas: afabilidad y vigilancia; de las 5 dimensiones sobresalieron independencia y ansiedad y más bajas extraversión y dureza. Por género se diferenciaron M vs. F: estabilidad 6.20±1.3 vs.5.17±1.5 (p=0.018) y atrevimiento 6.45±1.4 vs.4.70±1.4 (p=0.0001).ConclusionesExisten diferencias sobresalientes entre los rasgos y dimensiones de la personalidad.AbstractIntroductionThe study of personality trait and type of physicians began in the United States in 1960 under the hypothesis that personality prompts the type of specialty chosen to be pursued. Chile and Spain are the countries where this relationship has been studied most. In Mexico there are few studies that have served to further understand the ways in which physicians confront problems they face during their training. This is the first study done with physicians that are part of the different medical specialties imparted in the Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra National Institute for Rehabilitation under the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the type of personality and the medical specialty chosen.ObjectiveTo determine if the National Institute for Rehabilitation resident physician's personality type differs significantly from other specialities.MethodA cross-sectional study was performed in which the 16PF-5 factorial personality questionnaire was completed by 50 resident physicians belonging to five of the seven specialities available in the Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra National Institute for Rehabilitation. The questionnaire examines 16 primary personality traits that include 5 general personality dimensions. The data obtained was analysed using the SPSS 17 statistics program. For the comparison between two proportions, the chi squared test was used, and the distribution form of the factorial personality questionnaire scores was corroborated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The mean comparison by sex was performed using the Student t test for independent samples or with the Mann Whitney U test. The mean comparison for specialties was made using analysis of variance or with Kruskal-Wallis. The multivariate analysis was performed using a discriminant analysis model and the 2 factor analysis of variance.ResultsOf the 16 traits, reasoning, tension, and self-sufficiency stand out. The lowest were: affability and vigilance. Of the 5 dimensions, independence and anxiety stand out, while the lowest were extroversion and hardness. By gender, they were differentiated M vs. F: stability 6.20±1.3 vs. 5.17±1.5 (p=.018) and (0.655, p=.0001).ConclusionsThere are outstanding differences among the personality traits and personality dimensions

Monitorización de víctimas con manipuladores aéreos en operaciones de búsqueda y rescate

En este trabajo se presenta el primer dispositivo de monitorización de víctimas para su colocación automática con robots manipuladores aéreos. Se trata de un sistema sensorial distribuido para la evaluación de forma continua del estado de salud de víctimas de catástrofes. Se describen el sensor diseñado y el sistema de comunicaciones, así como la aplicación mediante la colocación del sensor basado en el uso de sistemas aéreos no tripulados (UAS) o robots manipuladores aéreos. El dispositivo de monitorización continua ofrece ventajas sobre el sistema de triage actual ya que permite obtener datos de la evolución de cada víctima. Recoge medidas de las constantes vitales de las víctimas, que son publicadas mediante protocolos de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) que permiten su procesado de forma remota. Además, posee métodos basados en aprendizaje profundo para la detección automática de la posición relativa de la muñeca del brazo de una persona con respecto al manipulador aéreo. Se han realizado experimentos preliminares de obtención de medidas y de colocación de sensores mediante una versión preliminar del sensor, cuyos resultados se incluyenUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

LAS DINÁMICAS DE LOS CENTROS HISTÓRICOS EUROPEOS EN EL PRESENTE: TOLEDO (ESPAÑA)

Los centros históricos forman el legado que los siglos de urbanización nos han dejado. Son espacios heredados desde la creación de la urbe hasta su desarrollo contemporáneo. En el continente europeo, son múltiples las ciudades que han conservado su centro histórico. Sin embargo, estos espacios no se caracterizan por su inmovilismo sino por una serie de dinámicas que afectan a su población, a sus edificios, a sus viviendas, a sus actividades económicas y a sus funciones urbanas. Algunos procesos son generales como la despoblación, la gentrificación y la terciarización, sobre todo por su expansión como destinos turísticos. El objetivo principal del artículo es estudiar estas dinámicas a través de un estudio de caso significativo: el centro histórico de Toledo (España). Toledo es hoy una ciudad con cerca de 90.000 habitantes que ha conservado un centro histórico de morfología medieval y cuyos valores culturales y patrimoniales han propiciado su distinción como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1986. Se aplicará un método deductivo y la utilización de múltiples fuentes, como los registros de población y el catastro inmobiliario, además de la observación directa. Los resultados del artículo descubren las dinámicas principales del centro histórico de Toledo hoy: a) un estancamiento demográfico tras haberse trasladado la mayoría de sus habitantes a otras partes de la ciudad en décadas pasadas; b) un creciente envejecimiento de sus residentes; c) unos procesos contrapuestos en sus edificaciones y viviendas, las unas se degradan y se abandonan y las otras se reforman o se construyen de nuevo para un uso de élites (gentrificación) o para su aprovechamiento turístico; d) una revitalización funcional, administrativa y universitaria; y e) una reorientación económica o turistificación. Este artículo contribuye a la mejor comprensión de la situación actual de los centros históricos y reclama la necesidad de un análisis continuado de estas realidades tan complejas

Mechanical behavior and microstructural changes in polyurethane exposed to high doses of X rays, gamma rays or neutron irradiation

Polymeric materials are widely used in applications where the environmental conditions entail their exposure to different sources of irradiation (in most cases ultraviolet or low dose of electromagnetic irradiation for sterilization). In contrast, in this study we have assessed the modifications undergone by a series of polyurethane joints exposed to high radioactive doses of either X-rays or gamma rays (with doses of 20.5, 100, 300 and 900?kGy) or neutron irradiation (with a fluence of 7.23·1010 n/cm2) which are typical of the environment of nuclear reactors. Tensile tests were carried out to assess the change in mechanical properties derived from the radioactive exposure. Three mechanical parameters were used to monitor the evolution of strength, ductility and toughness: the tensile strength (?max), the strain corresponding to ?max (??max) and the density of energy absorbed prior to maximum load (U?max). With regards to X and gamma rays, a negative impact of radiation on strength, ductility and toughness was observed. The detailed statistical analysis of the results has shown that a threshold dose of 300?kGy must be overcome to trigger the damage process. For the fluence employed in this study, neutron irradiation produced very little change in the mechanical properties. The SEM fractographic study has allowed the influence of irradiation on the material failure mechanisms to be identified. Thus, the fracture surface of unirradiated samples shows evidence of plastic deformation and ductile tearing. In contrast, the fracture surface of those samples exposed to a dose of 900?kGy corresponds to brittle fracture. In a consistent way, samples exposed to neutron irradiation have a fracture surface similar to that of the non-irradiated material. In summary, electromagnetic radiation for doses above the threshold leads to the embrittlement of polyurethane. Raman spectroscopy was employed to identify the microstructural changes induced by the different sources of radiation at the molecular level. The band corresponding to the vibration of the C-H bending bonds present in the polyurethane was measured as a function of the dose, finding a strong correlation between its vibration frequency and the dose of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. This shift is more sensitive than the mechanical material response since the frequency is affected at doses of 100?kGy, below the threshold previously identified for any of the mechanical properties. This correlation opens the door for the use of Raman spectroscopy as a novel non-destructive tool to characterize the microstructural effect of irradiation on polyurethane