Desarrollo de un programa de educación nutricional y valoración del cambio de hábitos alimentarios saludables en una población de estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria

[email protected]ón: La adolescencia se considera un periodo crítico en la adquisición y configuración de hábitos alimentarios y de un estilo de vida saludable para el futuro joven y que probablemente serán perdurables en la edad adulta. La obesidad infantil y juvenil es un problema de Salud Pública cuyo control pasa necesariamente por la prevención y la educación nutricional. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado nutricional de los adolescentes y determinar la proporción con sobrepeso u obesidad y establecer un programa de Intervención Nutricional y analizar la mejora en el patrón de hábitos alimentarios en los adolescentes. Métodos: El estudio se ha realizado sobre una población de 372 alumnos de ESO del IES de la ciudad de Gandía (Valencia). Resultados: El 37,8% de los adolescentes ha mejorado el grado de la calidad de la dieta. Aquellos que consumen una dieta de muy buena calidad ha pasado de ser del 30,0% al 58,6%. También es significativo el número de alumnos que han comenzado a desayunar y los que han dejado de tomar bollería industrial en esta ingesta. Es estadísticamente significativo el descenso de adolescentes que acuden habitualmente a un local de comida rápida y de aquellos que han dejado de tomar de forma regular "chucherías" y golosinas. Los datos del Índice KIDMED muestran que (p < 0,001) el 47,4% de los alumnos han mejorado en cuanto ala calidad de la dieta y ninguno ha empeorado. Discusión: Antes de comenzar el programa un 30% de los alumnos seguía una dieta de buena calidad equiparable a la Dieta Mediterránea tradicional y tras la Educación este porcentaje pasó a ser del 58,6%. El 47,4% de los alumnos con sobrepeso u obesidad que recibieron Educación e Intervención Nutricional han mejorado la calidad de su dieta y el porcentaje de los que seguían una dieta de muy buena calidad pasó de 28,9% al 71,0%.Introduction: Adolescence is a critical period for the acquisition and configuration of healthy dietary habits and lifestyle for the young future, which will likely persist throughout the adulthood. Paediatric and juvenile obesity is a public health problem which control necessarily implies prevention and nutritional education. Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status of the adolescents and determine the proportion with overweight or obesity, and to establish a Nutritional Intervention Programme and analyse the improvement in the pattern of dietary habits among the adolescents. Methods: The study has been carried out in a population of 372 Obligatory Secondary Education (OSE) students from the Institute of Secondary Education of Gandía (Valencia). Results: 37.8% of the adolescents have improved the level of their diet quality. Those consuming a high quality diet have increased from 30.0% to 58.6%. Also significant is the number of students that have taken up having breakfast and those having discontinued taking industrial bakery with this meal. The decrease in the number of adolescents going to fast food places and of those that have discontinued eating candies regularly isstatistically significant. The data from the KIDMED index show that 47.4% (p < 0.001) of de the students have improved the quality of their diet and in none of them it has worsened. Discussion: Before starting the programme, 30% of the students followed a high quality diet comparable to the traditional Mediterranean Diet, and after the education programme, this percentage increased to 58.6%. Forty-seven point four percent of overweighed or obese students receiving the Nutritional Education and Intervention have improved their diet quality and the percentage of those following a high quality diet varied from 28.9% to 71.0%

Caracterización morfométrica y balance sedimentario en el sistema de dunas de Maspalomas (Gran Canaria) a partir de datos LIDAR

El estudio de los sistemas de dunas activas conlleva una serie de dificultades que se derivan, entre otros aspectos, de los problemas para la adquisición generalizada, continua y sincrónica de información topográfica de detalle sobre los mismos. Recientemente, la utilización de datos LIDAR ha demostrado una excelente idoneidad para este tipo de aplicaciones, con resultados muy satisfactorios en entornos dunares del litoral, en medio desérticos e incluso en la superficie de Marte. A partir de los datos LIDAR procedentes de dos vuelos efectuados en 2006 y 2008 sobre el sistema de dunas de Maspalomas (Gran Canaria), se llevan a cabo una serie de trabajos que comprenden (i) la descripción pormenorizada de dicho sistema a través de la generación de mapas de altitudes, pendientes y orientaciones, (ii) la estimación del volumen total de arenas del mismo, y (iii) el balance sedimentario que tiene lugar entre las fechas de referencia.Main problems in active dune studies are due to difficulties in continuous and synchronic topographic data adquisition. Recently, LIDAR data has been successfully used in this sort of applications in such a different environment as coastal and desert dune systems, or even in Martian dune fields. This work makes use of two different sets of LIDAR data, obtained in 2006 and 2008 in Maspalomas dune system (Canary Islands); obtained results include (i) detailed description from elevation, slope and aspect information, (ii) sand volume estimation and (iii) sediment budget for the studied period.FEDER SEJ2007-64959-GEOGMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación SEJ2007-64959-GEO

Development and evaluation of equations to predict body weight of Pelibuey ewes using heart girth

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate equations to predict body weight (BW) using heart girth (HG) in Pelibuey ewes. For model develop a data set composed by 366, 3-year-old, non-pregnant and non-lactating ewes; with a mean BW of 45.7±9.16 kg and HG of 87.55± 7.93 cm was used. A linear equation was fitted: BW= -47.97 (±2.01*) + 1.07 (±0.02**)×HG (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 3.46, , y n = 366). A second data set composed by 67 animals, with similar characteristics (BW of 38.25± 8.62 kg and HG of 80.37± 7.03 cm) was used to evaluate the developed equations. For the evaluation, the relationship between observed and predicted values of BW by linear regression, the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) and root MSEP (RMSEP), and concordance correlation coefficient analysis were used. The proposed equation was highly precise (r2 =0.913) and accurate (Cb=0.996) with a reproducibility index of 0.95. The MEF have indicates a higher efficiency of prediction with higher proportion of the total variance of the observed values been explained by the predicted data (0.91). The partition of the MSEP have indicated a very small mean bias (0.082). The systematic bias have shown that only 1.93% of the error of prediction was associated with the slope and most of the error was explained by the random component indicating small biases with the predictions. The proposed equation accurately and precisely estimated the BW of Pelibuey ewe using HG and therefore is recommended to be used

Rationale and design of the Concordance study between FFR and iFR for the assessment of lesions in the left main coronary artery. The ILITRO-EPIC-07 Trial

Introduction and objectives: Patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis have been excluded from the trials that support the non-inferiority of the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) compared to the fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the decision-making process of coronary revascularization. This study proposes to prospectively assess the concordance between the two indices in LMCA lesions and to validate the iFR cut-off value of 0.89 for clinical use. Methods: National, prospective, and observational multicenter registry of 300 consecutive patients with intermediate lesions in the LMCA (angiographic stenosis, 25% to 60%. A pressure gudiewire study and determination of the RFF and the iFR will be performed: in the event of a negative concordant result (FFR > 0.80/iFR > 0.89), no treatment will be performed; in case of a positive concordant result (FFR 0.80/iFR 0.89), an intravascular echocardiography will be performed and revascularization will be delayed if the minimum lumen area is > 6 mm(2). The primary clinical endpoint will be a composite of cardiovascular death, LMCA lesion-related non-fatal infarction or need for revascularization of the LMCA lesion at 12 months. Conclusions: Confirm that an iFR-guided decision-making process in patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis is clinically safe and would have a significant clinical impact. Also, justify its systematic use when prescribing treatment in these potentially high-risk patients

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio for the Assessment of Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Correlations With Fractional Flow Reserve/Intravascular Ultrasound and Prognostic Implications: The iLITRO-EPIC07 Study

Background: There is little information available on agreement between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) in left main coronary artery (LMCA) intermediate stenosis. Besides, several meta-analyses support the use of FFR to guide LMCA revascularization, but limited information is available on iFR in this setting. Our aims were to establish the concordance between FFR and iFR in intermediate LMCA lesions, to evaluate with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in cases of FFR/iFR discordance, and to prospectively validate the safety of deferring revascularization based on a hybrid decision-making strategy combining iFR and IVUS. Methods: Prospective, observational, multicenter registry with 300 consecutive patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis who underwent FFR and iFR and, in case of discordance, IVUS and minimal lumen area measurements. Primary clinical end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, LMCA lesion-related nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned LMCA revascularization. Results: FFR and iFR had an agreement of 80% (both positive in 67 and both negative in 167 patients); in case of disagreement (31 FFR+/iFR- and 29 FFR-/iFR+) minimal lumen area was & GE;6 mm(2) in 8.7% of patients with FFR+ and 14.6% with iFR+. Among the 300 patients, 105 (35%) underwent revascularization and 181 (60%) were deferred according to iFR and IVUS. At a median follow-up of 20 months, major adverse cardiac events incidence was 8.3% in the defer group and 13.3% in the revascularization group (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI 0.30-1.72]; P=0.45). Conclusions: In patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis, a physiology-guided treatment decision is feasible either with FFR or iFR with moderate concordance between both indices. In case of disagreement, the use of IVUS may be useful to indicate revascularization. Deferral of revascularization based on iFR appears to be safe in terms of major adverse cardiac events

Ingeniería Forestal y ambiental en medios insulares

Las Islas Canarias a pesar de su reducida extensión y del relativo poco peso específico a nivel mundial, no es ajena a los problemas globales detectados en la conservación de bosques y en la importancia que éstos tienen para obtener beneficios económicos, socioculturales y ambientales. La gestión forestal sostenible es en este sentido esencial para asegurar y compatibilizar los diversos beneficios del bosque. El papel específico de los bosques y su gestión son sin embargo temas aún por conocer en nuestras islas, por lo que el Año Internacional de los Bosques ha representado una oportunidad única para dar a conocer el mundo forestal y acercarlo a nuestra sociedad. El presente libro consta de 25 capítulos donde se ha contemplado la mayoría de los aspectos a tener en cuenta en la planificación y gestión del medio forestal y natural. Desde la historia forestal del archipiélago, hasta el uso y técnicas de manejo de los recursos naturales, incluyendo el agua, la energía en forma de biomasa y la selvicultura

Gilberto Bosques and the flight of Spanish Republicans through Portugal, 1946-1949

Resumen: Partiendo de la polémica existente en torno a la valoración de la figura de Gilberto Bosques, en este artículo tratamos de realizar una nueva mirada, basada en una investigación con fuentes primarias inéditas, acerca de un período prácticamente desconocido de su participación en el salvamento de refugiados. Entre 1946 y 1949 Gilberto Bosques ejerció como embajador de México en Portugal, donde su principal labor volvió a ser la atención a los republicanos españoles que trataban de huir del franquismo. El nuevo contexto en el que tuvo que desenvolver sus funciones, a pesar del fin de la guerra, fue si cabe tan complejo como el anterior. Analizaremos los planes para el salvamento de españoles diseñados por Bosques, las dificultades en su implantación y sus resultados prácticos, sin dejar de lado la situación de estos exiliados, de los que trataremos de trazar un perfil social.Abstract: Onthe basis of the existing controversy surrounding the assessment of the Gilberto Bosques? figure, in this article we try to make a new view, based on research with unpublished primary sources, about a virtually unknown period of its participation in the rescue of refugees. Between 1946 and 1949 Gilberto Bosques served as Mexico?s ambassador in Portugal, where his main task was again the attention to the Spanish Republicans who tried to flee the Francoism. The new context in which they had to develop their functions, despite the end of the war, was as complex as the previous. We analyze the plans for the rescue of Spanish republicans designed by Bosques, the difficulties in its implementation and practical results. Finally westudy the situation of these exiles and we try to draw their social profile

Vocabulario de la sociedad civil, la ruralidad y los movimientos sociales en América Latina

El Vocabulario de la Sociedad Civil, la Ruralidad y los Movimientos Sociales en América Latina tiene como objetivo desarrollar vocablos relacionados con temas de gran trascendencia para la vida colectiva de la población Latinoamericana; pretende introducir a estudiantes, personas del ámbito académico y activistas en la comprensión de estas categorías de análisis. A través de la mirada de 70 especialistas que participaron en este vocabulario, es posible comprender muchos de los términos que se utilizan dentro de la investigación social y áreas relacionadas con las ciencias políticas, ambientales y rurales, a partir de una mayor explicación y detalle. Es por ello que se inserta este trabajo desde una mirada colectiva y amplia de los conceptos que se exponen. En este libro podrá encontrar las ideas de varios autores y autoras de distintas universidades, con una visión multi, inter y transdisciplinaria. El esfuerzo que se realizó para conjuntar varios términos y analizar su compleja red de interpretaciones, permitirá que este manuscrito pueda ser consultado por estudiantes, personas del ámbito científico-académico, y ciudadanía; porque contiene el estado del arte, la historia del paulatino avance de múltiples conceptos y su vigencia en el contexto actual

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group