La Polis y la explotación ganadera en los santuarios griego

A partir del análisis de las reglamentaciones que reglan la vida de los\ud santuarios griegos, se intenta reconstruir los aspectos de la economía pastoril\ud relacionados directamente con ellos. Son objeto de estudio las condiciones de\ud aprovechamiento de los pastizales, de los bosques, árboles y aguas dentro de las\ud propiedades sagradas, la utilización de los abonos de origen animal, así como las\ud distintas noticias sobre los tipos de animales empleados en los sacrificios y su\ud procedencia.Starting from the analysis of the regulations which ruled the life in the\ud Greek sanctuaries, we try to rebuild the grazing economy aspects directly related\ud to them. The development conditions of the pastures, woods, trees and water\ud within the sacred properties, the use of animal fertilizers and the different\ud information about the animals in the sacrifices and their origin, are studied

LECTURA SIN PALABRAS. LA TRANSMISIÓN DE LA IDEOLOGÍA A TRAVÉS DEL DOCUMENTO ICONOGRÁFICO: EL EJEMPLO DE LA GEMA AUGÚSTEA DE VIENA

The present article offers a view of the value which certain art pieces have as historical documents. So a thorough study is made of the different symbolic elements of a piece of great iconographic interest, the Gemma Augustea in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna

ENTRE LA TRADICIÓN CLÁSICA Y LA MORAL CRISTIANA: LA MUJER EN LA OBRA DE SAN JUAN CRISÓSTOMO

The role given to woman in the classical tradition contrast with the part played by women in the Late Roman Empire, as seen in the works of S. Juan Crisóstomo, who advocates for a woman wirhout any sort of public life, a woman for whom honesty is no longer possible beyond her home's doorstep. S. Juan Crisóstomo, for whom there are three types of women (youthful virgin, married or widowed), depicts woman as weak and helpless, both phisicallñy and intellectually, but she nevertheless possesses qualities which will exert a powerfull influence on a man's life.Frente al papel que le otorgaba a la mujer la tradición clásica, se enfrenta el rol que tuvo en el Bajo Imperio basándose en algunas obras de S. Juan Crisóstomo, quien defiende a la mujer sin vida pública donde «el portal de la casa es el límite de la mujer honesta». En los tres tipos de mujer existentes para S. Juan Cristóstomo ('joven virgen, casada y viuda) dibuja a la mujer, débil e incapaz, física e intelectualmente que, sin embargo, posee unas cualidades por sí misma que influirán de forma decisiva en la vida del hombre

ENTRE LA TRADICIÓN CLÁSICA Y LA MORAL CRISTIANA: LA MUJER EN LA OBRA DE SAN JUAN CRISÓSTOMO

Frente al papel que le otorgaba a la mujer la tradición clásica, se enfrenta el rol que tuvo en el Bajo Imperio basándose en algunas obras de S. Juan Crisóstomo, quien defiende a la mujer sin vida pública donde «el portal de la casa es el límite de la mujer honesta». En los tres tipos de mujer existentes para S. Juan Cristóstomo ('joven virgen, casada y viuda) dibuja a la mujer, débil e incapaz, física e intelectualmente que, sin embargo, posee unas cualidades por sí misma que influirán de forma decisiva en la vida del hombre

An Evaluation of the environmental factors for supply chain strategy decisions using grey systems and composite indicators

The purpose of this work is to assess the importance of environmental factors in a supply chain with four partners as a preliminary step to select the competitive strategies and objectives. To achieve this purpose, a real case study was carried out in a footwear supply chain, in which two approaches were used: the grey system theory and uncertainty analysis tools for composite indicators. In order to validate both approaches, a seven-phase research methodology was developed and applied to our case study. In addition, the priorization of environmental factors was calculated individually for each partner. The results allow managers to establish the competitive strategy that best suits the prioritization of the most relevant factors and to define the most appropriate objectives where the supply chain should invest its efforts and resources

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population.This work was supported in part by the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RD16/0025/0017, RD16/0025/0018), which is included in the Spanish I+D+I Plan and is co-funded by the ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER). The sponsors had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication.S

The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter-gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol)

Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).Plant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perishable nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-preserved hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cultural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.This work was supported by the project “De los museos al territorio: actualizando el estudio de la Cueva de los Murciélagos de Albuñol (Granada)” (MUTERMUR) (Referencia CM/JIN/2021-009) financed by the program of Young Researchers of Comunidad de Madrid (directed by F.M.-S. as the principal investigator). J.S. is funded by Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-028346) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). M.C. is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-026697-I) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). R.P.H., M.H.-O., and A.P.P. are members of the research group 2021-SGR 00190 funded by the AGAUR. R.P.H. is an ICREA academia researcher. M.M.-S. was funded by the Beatriz Galindo program as Junior Distinguished Researcher (BG20/00076)Peer reviewe

The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter- gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol)

Plant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perish- able nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-pre- served hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cul- tural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.Peer reviewe

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Sobre trabajadoras textiles especializadas en el Egipto helenístico y romano

Los papiros griegos del Egipto helenístico y romano y la amplia bibliografía que se ha ocupado del estudio de la economía y de la manufactura textil en el país del Nilo constituyen los dos puntos de partida para analizar la situación de la mujer que trabajó en esta rama de la produccción desde un enfoque profesional. Nuestra información, aunque abundante, se nos muestra bastante oscurecida por el uso generalizado del masculino genérico cuando se habla de los profesionales del tejido