2,104 research outputs found
PROTO-NATIONALISM IN SCANDINAVIA: SWEDISH STATE BUILDING IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Nationalism is usually considered a modern socio-political development and a product of the French and Industrial Revolutions. However most scholarship done on nationalism largely overlooks religion, and excludes both its presence in the Middle Ages and its development in Scandinavia--focusing heavily on German, British, French, and Central European variations of nationalism. For Scandinavians in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern era, nationalism did not emerge exactly like their European counterparts. It was the product of early religious, technological, and economic changes over the course of the 15th and 16th Centuries that restructured European politics, society, and identity. Using early Swedish state building as a historical case study, the debate surrounding the origins nationalism extend the socio-political phenomenon into the Middle Ages and can offer new connections between nationalism today and the Middle Ages in general
A Historiography of Nationalism: And the Case for Scandinavia
This project surveys the historiography of nationalism and its theoretical shortcomings. It builds upon the work of emerging theorists and revisionists across a wide variety of disciplines and this project then contextualizes nationalism and its related theories in the 19th and 20th centuries. After establishing a firm history, the project ends with a quick survey of Medieval Scandinavian History and suggest that this region developed a proto-nationalism during the period. Moreover, this project looks to insert the developments of the Middle Ages into the scholarly discourse surrounding nationalism. In opposition to modernist theories of nationalismâwho point to the French and Industrial Revolutions as the beginning of nationalismâthis paper situates the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the âDiscovery of the New Worldâ to demonstrate how nationalism emerged more slowly in Europe. Lastly, this paper concludes that nations/nation-state formation and nationalism are examples of the combination of social, political, economic, religious, and ethnic movements that include periods of flux and trans-regionally vary
SD 1313-0019 -- Another second-generation star with [Fe/H] = -5.0, observed with the Magellan Telescope
We present a Magellan/MIKE high-resolution (R ~ 35,000) spectrum of the
ancient star SD 1313-0019 which has an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = -5.0, paired
with a carbon enhancement of [C/Fe] ~ 3.0. The star was initially identified by
Allende Prieto et al. in the BOSS survey. Its medium-resolution spectrum
suggested a higher metallicity of [Fe/H] = -4.3 due to the CaII K line blending
with a CH feature which is a common issue related to the search for the most
iron-poor stars. This star joins several other, similar stars with [Fe/H] <
-5.0 that all display a combination of low iron and high carbon abundances.
Other elemental abundances of SD 1313-0019 follow that of more metal-rich halo
stars. From fitting the abundance pattern with yields of Population III
supernova, we conclude that SD 1313-0019 had only one massive progenitor star
with 20 - 30 M_sun that must have undergone a mixing and fallback episode.
Overall, there are now five stars known with [Fe/H] < -5.0 (1D LTE abundances).
This population of second-generation stars strongly suggests massive first
stars that almost exclusively produced large amounts of carbon through stellar
winds and/or their mixing and fallback supernova explosions. As a consequence,
their natal clouds -- presumably some early minihalo structures -- contained
ample amounts of carbon and oxygen that likely facilitated the formation of
these first low-mass stars.Comment: 7 pages and 3 figures, accepted by ApJ
Superconducting loop quantum gravity and the cosmological constant
We argue that the cosmological constant is exponentially suppressed in a
candidate ground state of loop quantum gravity as a nonperturbative effect of a
holographic Fermi-liquid theory living on a two-dimensional spacetime. Ashtekar
connection components, corresponding to degenerate gravitational configurations
breaking large gauge invariance and CP symmetry, behave as composite fermions
that condense as in Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity.
Cooper pairs admit a description as wormholes on a de Sitter boundary.Comment: 10 pages; v2 matches the published versio
Containment of a silicone fluid free surface in reduced gravity using barrier coatings
In support of the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment planned for flight aboard the Space Shuttle, tests were conducted under reduced gravity in the 2.2-sec Drop Tower and the 5.0-sec Zero-G facility at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The dynamics of controlling the test fluid, a 10-cSt viscosity silicone fluid in a low gravity environment were investigated using different container designs and barrier coatings. Three container edge designs were tested without a barrier coating; a square edge, a sharp edge with a 45-deg slope, and a sawtooth edge. All three edge designs were successful in containing the fluid below the edge. G-jitter experiments were made in scaled down containers subjected to horizontal accelerations. The data showed that a barrier coating is effective in containing silicone fluid under g-levels up to 10 sup -1 sub g sub 0. In addition, a second barrier coating was found which has similar anti-wetting characteristics and is also more durable
A morphological and matrical study of the teeth, the jaws and the bony palate of several large groups of South African bantu-speaking negroids
Thesis submitted to the University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy.
196
Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Magellan Telescope. III. New Extremely and Ultra Metal-Poor Stars from SDSS/SEGUE and Insights on the Formation of Ultra Metal-Poor Stars
We report the discovery of one extremely metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H]<-3) and one
ultra metal-poor (UMP; [Fe/H]<-4) star selected from the SDSS/SEGUE survey.
These stars were identified as EMP candidates based on their medium-resolution
(R~2,000) spectra, and were followed-up with high-resolution (R~35,000)
spectroscopy with the Magellan-Clay Telescope. Their derived chemical
abundances exhibit good agreement with those of stars with similar
metallicities. We also provide new insights on the formation of the UMP stars,
based on comparison with a new set of theoretical models of supernovae
nucleosynthesis. The models were matched with 20 UMP stars found in the
literature, together with one of the program stars (SDSS J1204+1201), with
[Fe/H]=-4.34. From fitting their abundances, we find that the supernovae
progenitors, for stars where carbon and nitrogen are measured, had masses
ranging from 20.5 M_sun to 28 M_sun and explosion energies from 0.3 to
0.9x10^51 erg. These results are highly sensitive to the carbon and nitrogen
abundance determinations, which is one of the main drivers for future
high-resolution follow-up of UMP candidates. In addition, we are able to
reproduce the different CNO abundance patterns found in UMP stars with a single
progenitor type, by varying its mass and explosion energy.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in Ap
Using Smartphone Sensor Paradata and Personalized Machine Learning Models to Infer Participants' Well-being: Ecological Momentary Assessment
Background: Sensors embedded in smartphones allow for the passive momentary quantification of peopleâs states in the context
of their daily lives in real time. Such data could be useful for alleviating the burden of ecological momentary assessments and
increasing utility in clinical assessments. Despite existing research on using passive sensor data to assess participantsâ
moment-to-moment states and activity levels, only limited research has investigated temporally linking sensor assessment and
self-reported assessment to further integrate the 2 methodologies.
Objective: We investigated whether sparse movement-related sensor data can be used to train machine learning models that
are able to infer states of individualsâ work-related rumination, fatigue, mood, arousal, life engagement, and sleep quality. Sensor
data were only collected while the participants filled out the questionnaires on their smartphones.
Methods: We trained personalized machine learning models on data from employees (N=158) who participated in a 3-week
ecological momentary assessment study.
Results: The results suggested that passive smartphone sensor data paired with personalized machine learning models can be
used to infer individualsâ self-reported states at later measurement occasions. The mean R
2
was approximately 0.31 (SD 0.29),
and more than half of the participants (119/158, 75.3%) had an R
2
of â„0.18. Accuracy was only slightly attenuated compared
with earlier studies and ranged from 38.41% to 51.38%.
Conclusions: Personalized machine learning models and temporally linked passive sensing data have the capability to infer a
sizable proportion of variance in individualsâ daily self-reported states. Further research is needed to investigate factors that affect
the accuracy and reliability of the inference
Preferred foliation effects in Quantum General Relativity
We investigate the infrared (IR) effects of Lorentz violating terms in the
gravitational sector using functional renormalization group methods similar to
Reuter and collaborators. The model we consider consists of pure quantum
gravity coupled to a preferred foliation, described effectively via a scalar
field with non-standard dynamics. We find that vanishing Lorentz violation is a
UV attractive fixed-point of this model in the local potential approximation.
Since larger truncations may lead to differing results, we study as a first
example effects of additional matter fields on the RG running of the Lorentz
violating term and provide a general argument why they are small.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, compatible with published versio
Pulsar Nulling and Vacuum Radio Emission from Axion Clouds
Non-relativistic axions can be efficiently produced in in the polar caps of
pulsars, resulting in the formation of a dense cloud of gravitationally bound
axions. Here, we investigate the interplay between such an axion cloud and the
electrodynamics in the pulsar magnetosphere, focusing specifically on the
dynamics in the polar caps, where the impact of the axion cloud is expected to
be most pronounced. For sufficiently light axions eV, we
show that the axion cloud can occasionally screen the local electric field
responsible for particle acceleration and pair production, inducing a periodic
nulling of the pulsar's intrinsic radio emission. At larger axion masses, the
small-scale fluctuations in the axion field tend to suppress the back-reaction
of the axion on the electrodynamics; however, we point out that the incoherent
oscillations of the axion in short-lived regions of vacuum near the neutron
star surface can produce a narrow radio line, which provides a complementary
source of radio emission to the plasma-resonant emission processes identified
in previous work. While this work focuses on the leading order correction to
pair production in the magnetosphere, we speculate that there can exist
dramatic deviations in the electrodynamics of these systems when the axion
back-reaction becomes non-linear.Comment: v1: 6 pages, 1 figure, Supplementary Material (7 pages
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