Perspectives of the use of sulforaphane in animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis in Brazil: a review

Colon cancer is a growing health problem in Brazil. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), colon cancer is among the top ten causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Besides, the disease has a significant economic impact on the Brazilian public health system. Over the past five years, there has been an increased interest in use, isolation, characterization and determination of the biological actions of compounds such as broccoli. Experimental studies with genetically modified (GMOs) rats, mice, and rats using Sulforaphane have demonstrated their ability to prevent, delay and reverse pre-neoplastic lesions, improved survival, as well as acting on neoplastic cells with therapeutic action. Sulforaphane through activation of Nrf2 increases the activity of phase II enzymes such as glutathione S transferase (GST), which is involved in the elimination of xenobiotic compounds. Aberrant crypts are induced, in Wistar rats and mice, by genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemical compounds. Colon carcinogenesis is generally induced in rats and mice by two substances, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and azoxymethane (AOM). Azoxymethane is often used concerning DMH because it is more potent and requires few reactions for its activation. It is possible to conclude that Sulforaphane, through its various biological actions, presents efficiency in the prevention of colon cancer and significant potential for use in future experimental studies with genetically modified rats, mice, and rats

Chia seed mucilage (Salvia hispanica L.): An emerging biopolymer for industrial application

Biopolymers are widely distributed in nature and have a wide variety of biological properties and applications. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an herbaceous plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which when in contact with water exude the fraction of soluble fiber in the form of mucilage. In view of the above, this study aims to provide an overview of the characteristics and applications of chia mucilage that make it a biopolymer of industrial interest. The data collection was carried out in the databases: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Science Direct, MDPI, Wiley Online Library, Springer and Periodical capes using the following descriptors: “Chia Seed Mucilage”, “Technological Properties”, “Biological Activities”, and “Applications” in alone and in association. After the critical analysis of the selected articles, it was possible to conclude that the chia mucilage has numerous and unique physical-chemical, chemical and technological properties. Applications in the food field are among the most used in view of the industrial perspective. However, the infinite potential that this biomaterial has for the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries is undeniable

Mucilagem de sementes de chia (Salvia hispanica L.): um biopolímero emergente para aplicação industrial

Biopolymers are widely distributed in nature and have a wide variety of biological properties and applications. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an herbaceous plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which when in contact with water exude the fraction of soluble fiber in the form of mucilage. In view of the above, this study aims to provide an overview of the characteristics and applications of chia mucilage that make it a biopolymer of industrial interest. The data collection was carried out in the databases: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Science Direct, MDPI, Wiley Online Library, Springer and Periodical capes using the following descriptors: “Chia Seed Mucilage”, “Technological Properties”, “Biological Activities”, and “Applications” in alone and in association. After the critical analysis of the selected articles, it was possible to conclude that the chia mucilage has numerous and unique physical-chemical, chemical and technological properties. Applications in the food field are among the most used in view of the industrial perspective. However, the infinite potential that this biomaterial has for the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries is undeniable.Os biopolímeros são amplamente distribuídos na natureza e possuem uma ampla variedade de propriedades biológicas e aplicações. A chia (Salvia hispanica L.) é uma planta herbácea pertencente à família Lamiaceae, que quando em contato com a água exala a fração de fibra solúvel na forma de mucilagem. Diante do exposto, este estudo tem como objetivo fornecer um panorama sobre as características e aplicações da mucilagem da chia que a tornam um biopolímero de interesse industrial. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas bases de dados: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Science Direct, MDPI, Wiley Online Library, Springer e Periodical capes utilizando os seguintes descritores: “Chia Seed Mucilage”, “Technological Properties”, “Biological Activities ”, e “Aplicações” isoladamente e em associação. Após a análise crítica dos artigos selecionados, foi possível concluir que a mucilagem da chia possui inúmeras e únicas propriedades físico-químicas, químicas e tecnológicas. As aplicações na área de alimentos estão entre as mais utilizadas do ponto de vista industrial. No entanto, é inegável o potencial infinito que este biomaterial tem para as indústrias farmacêutica e agrícola.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A CRIANÇA E O NÚMERO

Ensinar número para crianças é uma tarefa difícil, uma vez que o educador necessita de sensibilidadepara detectar as necessidades no aprendizado do aluno no processo de conservação do número, ou seja, que oaluno compreenda que o arranjo diferenciado na colocação de objetos sobre a mesa não altera a quantidade. Asmaneiras de ensinar, através da busca pela construção do conceito de número pela criança, devem respeitar umaordem hierárquica de desenvolvimento que toda criança possui. Essa ordem passa pela natureza do número quese desenvolve sob três tipos de conhecimento: conhecimentos físicos – conhecimento das propriedades que estãonos objetos na realidade externa, e podem ser conhecidas pela observação; conhecimento lógico matemático – conhecimentoda existência de diferença entre dois objetos, criada mentalmente pelo indivíduo; conhecimento social– convenções criadas, como as palavras um, dois, três, assim como o ato de dizer bom dia. Todo esse ensinamentotem como objetivo dar autonomia para a criança, diminuindo sua dependência dos adultos e é nos jogos e nasbrincadeiras em sala de aula que encontramos as melhores maneiras para a criança adquirir esses ensinamentos e,por consequência, sua autonomia

Mild Systemic Oxidative Stress in the Subclinical Stage of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a late-onset, progressive degenerative disorder that affects mainly the judgment, emotional stability, and memory domains. AD is the outcome of a complex interaction among several factors which are not fully understood yet; nevertheless, it is clear that oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are among these factors. 65 elderly subjects (42 cognitively intact and 23 with probable Alzheimer's disease) were selected for this study. We evaluated erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase as well as plasma levels of total glutathione, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, lycopene, and coenzyme Q10. These antioxidant parameters were confronted with plasmatic levels of protein and lipid oxidation products. Additionally, we measured basal expression of monocyte HLA-DR and CD-11b, as well as monocyte production of cytokines IL1-alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. AD patients presented lower plasmatic levels of alpha-tocopherol when compared to control ones and also higher basal monocyte HLA-DR expression associated with higher IL-1 alpha production when stimulated by LPS. These findings support the inflammatory theory of AD and point out that this disease is associated with a higher basal activation of circulating monocytes that may be a result of alpha-tocopherol stock depletion.Univ São Paulo, Inst Quim, BR-05508900 São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim Farmaceut, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilFMABC, Dept Hematol & Oncol, BR-09060650 Santo Andre, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, BR-04021001 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med Prevent, BR-04021001 São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim Farmaceut, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, BR-04021001 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med Prevent, BR-04021001 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Insecticidal Activity of [Cu(H2NTA)2].2H2O in Aedes aegypti Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae)

The demand for new insecticides and alternative strategies for the population control of Aedes aegypti has stimulated research to obtain new compounds with broad biological activity. Accordingly, the dihydrogen nitrilotriacetate complex of copper (II) dihydrate, [Cu(H2NTA)2].2H2O, was synthesized by the stoichiometric reaction of nitrilotriacetic acid (H3NTA) hydroxide with basic copper carbonate (II) (Cu2(OH)2CO3) and characterized by the spectroscopic techniques UV-Vis and FT-IR. The biological toxicity in A. aegypti was determined by bioassay using concentrations ranging from 90.0 mg L−1 to 897.4 mg L−1. The LC50 obtained was 146.11 mg L−1 [132.18–160.10] and the LT50 obtained at a concentration of 897.4 mg L−1 was 70.61 min [38.21–94.90]. The results showed that the complex obtained in this work is a potential metal-insecticide. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i4.73

AÇÕES DE ENFERMAGEM E TECNOLOGIAS EDUCACIONAIS PARA REDUÇÃO DO DESMAME PRECOCE

Avaliar de que forma as práticas educativas podem contribuir para a redução do desmame precoce. Métodos: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, realizada em Hospital Universitário, localizado interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Participantes 10 puérperas com idade superior a 18 anos. Com uso de questionário para obtenção dos dados. Em respeito aos aspectos éticos da pesquisa e em conformidade com a resolução 466, o projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com parecer 6.106.956. Foi garantido o anonimato dos participantes do estudo. Com Análise de dados à luz do referencial da Teoria do Relacionamento Interpessoal de Peplau e da Política Nacional de Promoção, Proteção e Apoio ao Aleitamento Materno. Resultados: a pesquisa apontou para cuidados mais importantes na amamentação e puerpério; entendimento sobre o colostro; importância das tecnologias educacionais para redução do desmame precoce. Considerações Finais: Buscou-se com o estudo, identificar ações sobre amamentação realizadas pelo enfermeiro. O estudo apontou para a importância de práticas educativas em aleitamento materno voltadas a puérperas, constituindo-se importante estratégia para redução do desmame precoce e para fortalecimento de ações direcionadas à promoção da saúde da mulher e da criança em âmbito hospitalar.Objective: to evaluate how educational practices can contribute to the reduction of early weaning. Methods: Qualitative research carried out in a University Hospital, located in the interior of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Participants 10 puerperal women over the age of 18 years. Using a questionnaire to obtain the data. In compliance with the ethical aspects of the research and in accordance with resolution 466, the project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with opinion 6,106,956. The anonymity of the study participants was guaranteed. With data analysis in the light of the framework of the Peplau Interpersonal Relationship Theory and the National Policy for the Promotion, Protection and Support of Breastfeeding. Results: the research pointed to more important care in breastfeeding and puerperium; understanding of colostrum; importance of educational technologies to reduce early weaning. Final Considerations: The aim of the study was to identify actions on breastfeeding performed by nurses. The study pointed to the importance of educational practices in breastfeeding aimed at puerperal women, constituting an important strategy to reduce early weaning and to strengthen actions aimed at promoting the health of women and children in the hospital.Objetivo: evaluar cómo las prácticas educativas pueden contribuir a la reducción del destete precoz. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa realizada en un Hospital Universitario, ubicado en el interior del estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Participantes 10 mujeres puérperas mayores de 18 años. Utilizando un cuestionario para obtener los datos. En cumplimiento de los aspectos éticos de la investigación y de acuerdo con la resolución 466, el proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con la opinión 6.106.956. Se garantizó el anonimato de los participantes del estudio. Con análisis de datos a la luz del marco de la Teoría de la Relación Interpersonal de Peplau y la Política Nacional de Promoción, Protección y Apoyo a la Lactancia Materna. Resultados: la investigación apuntó a una atención más importante en la lactancia materna y el puerperio; comprensión del calostro; Importancia de las tecnologías educativas para reducir el destete temprano. Consideraciones finales: El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las acciones sobre la lactancia materna realizadas por los enfermeros. El estudio señaló la importancia de las prácticas educativas en lactancia materna dirigidas a puérperas, constituyendo una estrategia importante para reducir el destete precoz y fortalecer las acciones dirigidas a promover la salud de las mujeres y los niños en el hospital.  Objetivo: avaliar de que forma as práticas educativas podem contribuir para a redução do desmame precoce. Métodos: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, realizada em Hospital Universitário, localizado interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Participantes 10 puérperas com idade superior a 18 anos. Com uso de questionário para obtenção dos dados. Em respeito aos aspectos éticos da pesquisa e em conformidade com a resolução 466, o projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com parecer 6.106.956. Foi garantido o anonimato dos participantes do estudo. Com Análise de dados à luz do referencial da Teoria do Relacionamento Interpessoal de Peplau e da Política Nacional de Promoção, Proteção e Apoio ao Aleitamento Materno. Resultados: a pesquisa apontou para cuidados mais importantes na amamentação e puerpério; entendimento sobre o colostro; importância das tecnologias educacionais para redução do desmame precoce. Considerações Finais: Buscou-se com o estudo, identificar ações sobre amamentação realizadas pelo enfermeiro. O estudo apontou para a importância de práticas educativas em aleitamento materno voltadas a puérperas, constituindo-se importante estratégia para redução do desmame precoce e para fortalecimento de ações direcionadas à promoção da saúde da mulher e da criança em âmbito hospitalar

Closed doors: predictors of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD during the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

BACKGROUND: The rise in mental health problems in the population directly or indirectly because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major concern. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare independent predictors of symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Brazilians one month after the implementation of measures of social distancing. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed using a web-based survey. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were the outcomes. Data were gathered regarding demographics, social distancing, economic problems, exposure to the news of the pandemic, psychiatric history, sleep disturbances, traumatic situations, and substance use. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) was also administered. The predictors of the symptoms were investigated using hierarchical multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Of a sample of 3587 participants, approximately two-thirds considered that their mental health worsened after the beginning of the social restriction measures. The most important predictors of the symptoms investigated were the intensity of the distress related to the news of the pandemic, younger age, current psychiatric diagnosis, trouble sleeping, emotional abuse or violence, and economic problems. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed the hypothesis that the pandemic impacted the mental health of the population and indicated that the level of distress related to the news was the most important predictor of psychological suffering