Levantamento bibliográfico da paleofauna de vertebrados registrada na Formação Santana (Cretáceo, bacia do Araripe), e comentários acerca do patrimônio fossilífero brasileiro

Orientador: Cristina Vega DiasMonografia (Bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciencias Biológicas. Curso de Graduaçao em Ciencias BiológicasResumo : Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica dos vertebrados descritos para a Formação Santana, situada na Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil. A formação é dividida em três Membros: Crato, Ipubi e Romualdo, sendo conhecida mundialmente pela diversidade e qualidade dos fósseis encontrados, muitas vezes com preservação inclusive de tecidos moles. Destacam-se peixes, tartarugas, crocodilianos, pterossauros, dinossauros, penas de aves, além de outros. Embora a legislação brasileira não permita a saída de materiais fósseis do país, sem o devido conhecimento das autoridades competentes, a riqueza fossilífera da região não atrai somente pesquisadores de todo o mundo, como também os exploradores ilegais deste material. Mesmo depois de quase duzentos anos de exploração, a Formação Santana continua a propiciar novas descobertas. Até o momento já foram descritas 66 espécies de vertebrados para a formação, de forma que peixes e pterossauros correspondem à maioria dessas descrições. Esta monografia poderá servir como referência para o leitor interessado em conhecer a paleofauna de vertebrados da Formação Santana

Dental erosion : an overview on definition and etiology, possible treatments and measurement wear erosive

Por muitos anos a erosão dentária foi uma condição que despertava pouco interesse de pesquisadores. Atualmente, observa-se que esta patologia tem sido uma das maiores causas de sensibilidade dentinária, estando relacionada, até mesmo, à degradação marginal de restaurações. A erosão é um processo multifatorial que envolve a desmineralização dental pela ação química de ácidos extrínsecos ou intrínsecos. Para o correto tratamento desta condição, o Cirurgião Dentista deve conhecer e aprender a distinguir os diferentes processos que resultam no desgaste dentário patológico. Sendo assim, para gerar um protocolo confiável é necessário o conhecimento sobre definição e etiologia da erosão dental, seus possíveis tratamentos e quanto aos recursos para mensuração de lesões erosivas.For many years dental erosion was a condition that aroused little interest from researchers. Currently, it is observed that this pathology has been a major cause of dentinal sensitivity, being related, even the marginal degradation of restorations. Erosion is a multifactorial process involving dental demineralization by the chemical action of extrinsic or intrinsic acids. For the correct treatment of this condition, the dentist should know and learn how to distinguish the different processes that result in pathological tooth wear. Thus, to generate a reliable protocol is necessary to know about definition and etiology of dental erosion, its possible treatments and the resources for measurement of erosive lesions.Fil: Ávila, Daniele Mara Da Silva. Universidad Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Brasil)Fil: Borges, Alessandra Buhler. Universidad Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Brasil)Fil: Poletto, Adriana . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontologí

A New Dicynodont (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the Permian of Southern Brazil and Its Implications for Bidentalian Origins

Dicynodonts were a highly successful group of herbivorous therapsids that inhabited terrestrial ecosystems from the Middle Permian through the end of the Triassic periods. Permian dicynodonts are extremely abundant in African deposits, but are comparatively poorly known from the other regions of Gondwana. Here we describe a new South American dicynodont, Rastodon procurvidens gen. et sp. nov., from the Boqueirão farm site of the Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Basin, Guadalupian/Lopingian of Brazil. Diagnostic features of R. procurvidens include uniquely anteriorly-curved maxillary tusks, well-developed ridges extending from the crista oesophagea anteriorly along the pterygoid rami, strong posterior angulation of the posterior pterygoid rami, and a bulbous, well-developed retroarticular process of the articular. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that R. procurvidens is the earliest and most basal member of Bidentalia, a cosmopolitan clade that includes Permian and Triassic dicynodonts whose dentition is usually reduced to a pair of maxillary tusks

Poloxamer-based Binary Hydrogels For Delivering Tramadol Hydrochloride: Sol-gel Transition Studies, Dissolution-release Kinetics, In Vitro Toxicity, And Pharmacological Evaluation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In this work, poloxamer (PL)-based binary hydrogels, composed of PL 407 and PL 188, were studied with regard to the physicochemical aspects of sol-gel transition and pharmaceutical formulation issues such as dissolution-release profiles. In particular, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and in vivo pharmacological performance of PL 407 and PL 407-PL 188 hydrogels containing tramadol (TR) to analyze its potential treatment of acute pain. Drug-micelle interaction studies showed the formation of PL 407-PL 188 binary systems and the drug partitioning into the micelles. Characterization of the sol-gel transition phase showed an increase on enthalpy variation values that were induced by the presence of TR hydrochloride within the PL 407 or PL 407-PL 188 systems. Hydrogel dissolution occurred rapidly, with approximately 30%-45% of the gel dissolved, reaching similar to 80%-90% up to 24 hours. For in vitro release assays, formulations followed the diffusion Higuchi model and lower K-rel values were observed for PL 407 (20%, K-rel = 112.9 +/- 10.6 mu g . h(-1/2)) and its binary systems PL 407-PL 188 (25%-5% and 25%-10%, K-rel = 80.8 +/- 6.1 and 103.4 +/- 8.3 mu g.h(-1/2), respectively) in relation to TR solution (K-rel = 417.9 +/- 47.5 mu g.h(-1/2), P72 hours) pointed to PL-based hydrogels as a potential treatment, by subcutaneous injection, for acute pain.1023912401Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2006/00121-9, 2010/11475-1, 2010/13088-5]CNPq [487619/2012-9, 300952/2010-4, 309612/2013-6

Associação entre dor, analgossedação e mortalidade de pacientes em unidade terapia intensiva / Association between pain, analgosedation and mortality of patients in intensive care unit

Objetivos: Associar presença de dor, utilização de analgossedação e SOFA com mortalidade de pacientes em ventilação mecânica em UTI.Métodos: Estudo transversal e prospectivo em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital terciário. Amostra de 162 pacientes. Os dados clínicos e SOFA foram obtidos em prontuário eletrônico. Foi realizada aplicação da Behavioral pain scale, pelos enfermeiros. Resultados: Prevaleceram pacientes idosos, masculinos, neurológicos, cirúrgicos e óbitos. Houve maior mortalidade em pacientes com dor intensa, cirúrgicos e idosos. A maioria dos pacientes não apresentou dor e obtiveram duas associações de sedoanalgésicos, o Fentanil foi a droga mais utilizada. O SOFA não atuou como índice prognóstico, já a dor intensa preditou mortalidade. Conclusão: A identificação da dor e utilização de sedoanalgesia através de escalas auxilia a tomada de decisão e adequado manejo do paciente em UTI, visando melhor prognóstico. Há necessidade de mais estudos na área envolvendo enfermeiros

Protection of calcium silicate/sodium phosphate/fluoride toothpaste with serum on enamel and dentin erosive wear

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a toothpaste containing calcium silicate/sodium phosphate/fluoride associated or not to the boost serum (BS) against erosive tooth wear (ETW) on enamel and dentin. Methodology: Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were subjected to an erosion-abrasion cycling model (1% citric acid - pH 3.6 -2 min / artificial saliva – 60 min, 4×/day, 5 days). Toothbrushing was performed for 15 s (2 min exposed to slurry), 2×/day, with the toothpastes (n=10): control without fluoride (Weleda), Arg/Ca/MFP (Colgate Pro-Relief), Si/PO4/MFP (Regenerate-Unilever), and Si/PO4/MFP/BS (Si/PO4/MFP with dual BS – Advanced Enamel Serum-Unilever). The effect of treatments on the eroded tissues was assessed by surface microhardness in the first day, and surface loss (SL) resulting from ETW was evaluated by profilometry (μm) after three and five days. Additional dentin specimens (n=5/group) were subjected to 20,000 brushing cycles to verify the abrasivity of the toothpastes. Data were subjected to ANOVA and correlation tests (5%). Results: For enamel, no difference in microhardness was observed among the treated groups, and similar SL was obtained after 5 days. For dentin, Si/PO4/MFP/BS resulted in higher microhardness values, but none of the groups presented significantly lower SL than the control. There was no significant correlation between SL and abrasiveness. Conclusion: The calcium silicate/sodium phosphate toothpaste and serum increased microhardness of eroded dentin, but they did not significantly reduce enamel and dentin loss compared to the non-fluoride control toothpaste. The abrasiveness of the toothpastes could not predict their effect on ETW

Potent and Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of Analogs from the Scorpion Peptide Stigmurin

Scorpion venom constitutes a rich source of biologically active compounds with high potential for therapeutic and biotechnological applications that can be used as prototypes for the design of new drugs. The aim of this study was to characterize the structural conformation, evaluate the antimicrobial activity, and gain insight into the possible action mechanism underlying it, for two new analog peptides of the scorpion peptide Stigmurin, named StigA25 and StigA31. The amino acid substitutions in the native sequence for lysine residues resulted in peptides with higher positive net charge and hydrophobicity, with an increase in the theoretical helical content. StigA25 and StigA31 showed the capacity to modify their structural conformation according to the environment, and were stable to pH and temperature variation-results similar to the native peptide. Both analog peptides demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro, showing an effect superior to that of the native peptide, being non-hemolytic at the biologically active concentrations. Therefore, this study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the analog peptides from Stigmurin and the promising approach of rational drug design based on scorpion venom peptide to obtain new anti-infective agents.publishersversionpublishe

Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Oligosaccharides with Special Attention to Antiparasitic Potential

The global rise of infectious disease outbreaks and the progression of microbial resistance reinforce the importance of researching new biomolecules. Obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan, chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have demonstrated several biological properties, including antimicrobial, and greater advantage over chitosan due to their higher solubility and lower viscosity. Despite the evidence of the biotechnological potential of COSs, their effects on trypanosomatids are still scarce. The objectives of this study were the enzymatic production, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic effects of COSs. NMR and mass spectrometry analyses indicated the presence of a mixture with 81% deacetylated COS and acetylated hexamers. COSs demonstrated no evidence of cytotoxicity upon 2 mg/mL. In addition, COSs showed interesting activity against bacteria and yeasts and a time-dependent parasitic inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated a parasite aggregation ability of COSs. Thus, the broad biological effect of COSs makes them a promising molecule for the biomedical industry.publishersversionpublishe

First evidence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Italian Aedes albopictus populations after 26 years since invasion

Aedes albopictus has spread during the last decades all over the world. This has increased significantly the risk of exotic arbovirus transmission (e.g. Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika) also in temperate areas, as testified by the Chikungunya 2007- and 2017-outbreaks in north-east and central Italy. Insecticides represent a main tool for limiting the circulation of these mosquito-borne viruses. The aim of the present study is to start filling the current gap of knowledge on pyrethroid insecticide resistance of European Ae. albopictus populations focusing on populations from Italy, Albania and Greece