Marine collagen as a source of bioactive molecules. A review.

Skins, scales and bones are the major by-products of the fish-processing industry. These by-products are not regarded as ordinary saleable products and are usually discarded causing a heavy environmental impact. However, marine by-products are a good source of collagen that could be extracted and further enzymatically hydrolyzed to liberate interesting bioactive peptides. Collagen-derived peptides may exhibit interesting antioxidant activity, potent antihypertensive activity, antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria, protective effect on cartilage, capacity to stimulate bone formation, and also other interesting activities (e.g., satiety, calciotropic, or opioid). The bioactive properties of collagen-derived peptides, and also their resistance to protein digestion, make them potential ingredients of health promoting foods.Peer Reviewe

Antioxidant and antimicrobial peptide fractions from squid and tuna skin gelatin

27 páginas, 4 figuras, 4 tablas.Gelatin extracted from tuna skins and giant squid tunics were hydrolysed with Alcalase at 50ºC for 3h. Two peptide fractions (1-10K and ≤1K) were obtained from each gelatin hydrolysate by subjecting them to centrifugal ultrafiltration using successively a 10 kDa and a 1 kDa membrane. The peptide fractions were characterized in terms of amino acid composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antioxidant properties were tested according to the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and the radical scavenging capacity (ABTS) assay. A disk diffusion test was performed to test antimicrobial action against a panel of Gram-positive and Gramnegative pathogenic and fish spoilage-associated microorganisms. Although antioxidant and antimicrobial properties could be detected in all tested peptide fractions, the lowermost molecular weight fraction from squid hydrolysate presented the highest reducing and radical scavenging capacities, whereas microbial growth inhibition was found to be specifically related to the type of microorganism.This study was supported by the Spanish “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia” (project AGL2005-02380/ALI and AGL2008-02135/ALI).Peer reviewe

Programa de investigación acción participativa: Nueva constitución y procesos constituyentes : ¿Qué constitución tenemos y qué constitución deberíamos tener?

Programa de Investigación Acción Participativa sobre “Nueva Constitución y Procesos Constituyentes” del Centro de Investigación en Derecho Crítico (CiDerCrit) FCJyS (UNLP), la Cátedra Libre del Manifiesto Argentino UNLP, con la participación del Observatorio Electoral y la Cátedra 3 Derecho Político de la FCJyS (UNLP) y otras instancias de la facultad y universidad que se puedan sumar en el futuro.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Programa de investigación acción participativa: Nueva constitución y procesos constituyentes : ¿Qué constitución tenemos y qué constitución deberíamos tener?

Programa de Investigación Acción Participativa sobre “Nueva Constitución y Procesos Constituyentes” del Centro de Investigación en Derecho Crítico (CiDerCrit) FCJyS (UNLP), la Cátedra Libre del Manifiesto Argentino UNLP, con la participación del Observatorio Electoral y la Cátedra 3 Derecho Político de la FCJyS (UNLP) y otras instancias de la facultad y universidad que se puedan sumar en el futuro.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Programa de investigación acción participativa: Nueva constitución y procesos constituyentes : ¿Qué constitución tenemos y qué constitución deberíamos tener?

Programa de Investigación Acción Participativa sobre “Nueva Constitución y Procesos Constituyentes” del Centro de Investigación en Derecho Crítico (CiDerCrit) FCJyS (UNLP), la Cátedra Libre del Manifiesto Argentino UNLP, con la participación del Observatorio Electoral y la Cátedra 3 Derecho Político de la FCJyS (UNLP) y otras instancias de la facultad y universidad que se puedan sumar en el futuro.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Anti-Inflammatory Properties, Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum) Extract Encapsulated in Soy Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes

A sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) aqueous extract was prepared and loaded into soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Both the free extract (FE), and the empty (L) and loaded (L-FE) liposomes were shown to be non-cytotoxic to THP-1 and Caco-2 cells. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. FE showed anti-inflammatory activity, revealed by the induced secretion of IL-10 cytokines in macrophages that were subsequently stimulated with LPS. Also, a decrease in TNF-α production by L was observed, evidencing that liposomes reduced the pro-inflammatory mediators’ secretion. The liposomes (L) showed protective anti-inflammatory activity and also were able to downregulate the inflammation. Furthermore, L-FE were also found to downregulate the inflammation response, as they were able to decrease TNF-α secretion in macrophages previously exposed to LPS. The simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) of FE diminished the chlorogenic acid content (the main polyphenolic compound of the extract) by 40%, while in L-FE, the amount of this phenolic compound increased with respect to the undigested liposomes. The amount of bioaccessible chlorogenic, however, was similar for FE and L-FE. The percentage of chlorogenic acid absorbed through a Caco-2 cell monolayer after 3 h of incubation, was significantly similar for the extract and the liposomes (~1.5%), without finding significant differences once the extract and liposomes were digested

Enzyme-assisted extraction of κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan from Mastocarpus stellatus for obtaining bioactive ingredients and their application for edible active film development

Two hydrolysates were obtained from dried Mastocarpus stellatus using alcalase. The phenolic content was partially removed from one of them. The phenolic-partially-removed hydrolysate (H) was found to be a potent angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. However, the phenolic-containing hydrolysate (Hp) showed a higher Folin-reactive substance content and antioxidant capacity (reducing power and radical scavenging capacity). Hp was therefore selected for the development of antioxidant Mastocarpus carrageenan-based films. F-Hp0 (without the hydrolysate), F-Hp15 (with 15% hydrolysate) and F-Hp30 (with 30% hydrolysate) films were developed. κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan was the main film constituent and hydrolysate addition resulted in an increased sulfated proportion, higher protein content and higher number of hydrogen bonds. Therefore interactions between carrageenan helices, plasticizers and peptides in the film-forming solution were enhanced, especially in F-Hp15, and consequently the water vapour permeability (WVP) of the resulting film decreased. Nevertheless, F-Hp30 considerably improved the transparency, UV/Vis light barrier, water resistance and elongation at break (EAB). The presence of Hp increased both puncture force (F) and puncture elongation (E), but not tensile strength (TS) or Young's modulus (Y). The addition of an increased concentration of hydrolysate to the films led to a considerable increase in the Folin-reactive substance content and the antioxidant activity, especially the radical scavenging capacity. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, I+D+I National Plan, under the project AGL2011-27607 and the Xunta de Galicia Sectorial programme PEME I+D E I+D SUMAPeer Reviewe

Contribution of Leu and Hyp residues to antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of peptide sequences isolated from squid gelatin hydrolysate

8 páginas, 5 figuras, 2 tablasSquid gelatin obtained from inner and outer tunics was hydrolysed with Alcalase to isolate antioxidant peptide sequences. The ACE-inhibitory activity of the isolated peptides was also evaluated. After fractionation by ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography into four fractions, the antioxidant activity of the peptide fractions was determined by radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing power. Fraction FIII showed the highest antioxidant activity, although slight differences could be expected in the antioxidant activity of the different fractions based on the amino acid composition. FIII was subjected to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and two major compounds were identified: the compound with m/. z 952.42, which could be mostly comprised by the carbohydrate fucose, and the peptide with m/. z 1410.63. Three possible sequences were proposed and synthesised for this peptide, and the contribution of Leu or Hyp residues to the antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of the resulting sequence was evaluated. The presence of Leu residues in the peptide sequence in replacement of Hyp seems to play an important role in the antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activity. © 2010.Funding for this research was provided by: (i) Interministerial Scientific and Technical Commission of Spain’s Ministry of Science and Innovation under project AGL2008-02135/ALIPeer Reviewe

Physical and chemical properties of tuna-skin and bovine-hide gelatin films with added aqueous oregano and rosemary extracts

The properties of edible, gelatin-based films with added oregano or rosemary extract (two different concentrations) were studied. Gelatins from different sources (bovine-hides and tuna-skins) were employed with a view to elucidating how inherent gelatin characteristics may affect interaction of the gelatin with the polyphenols in the added extract and hence the properties of the resulting films. The bovine-hide gelatin reacted only slightly with the polyphenols in the extracts as shown by the electrophoretic profile and analysis of the dynamic viscoelastic properties, and consequently the attributes (mechanical properties, water solubility, water vapour permeability) of the films were practically unchanged compared with the film made without any added plant extract. The tuna-skin gelatin did evidence some interactions with the polyphenols in both the oregano and the rosemary extracts, especially for the more concentrated of the two extracts tested, thereby altering the attributes of the corresponding films, namely, a higher glass transition temperature, decreased deformability, and, in particular, increased water solubility. Opacity increased irrespective of gelatin origin and plant extract type and concentration. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe