Analysis of the Causes of failure in English Subject of 11th Grade “A” Students at Public High School “Colegio de Esquipulas” from Managua, during the Second Semester of 2017

One problem that has affected the students most from high school in Nicaragua is that are failing in one or more subjects. This problem is not something new; it has been happening from decades and in spite of the reinforcement provided by the current government at the end of the year for students who have failed in one or more subject, including English, the roots of the problem are even not assisted. This study is an analysis of the factors that are influencing or causing this students’ failure, specifically in the English subject. In order to attain this information the quantitative research was applied, using instruments such as survey, observation guide and interview. This study provides useful information about the factors that are causing the students’ failure in the English subject and contributes to future research on similar topics. It also is useful to get a better understanding of the problem in order to find possible solutions to the same. The methodology implemented to develop the present research was the Quantitative research because it possesses the following characteristics: the researcher establishes a concrete and delimited problem of research; the researcher considers researches that have been developed before, and the researcher includes a Theoretical Framework; the data collection consists in attaining information from the sample

Evaluación de un método de predicción del rendimiento y su relación con las variables que definen el peso final de racimo en vides (Vitis vinífera L) cvs Carmenere y Chardonnay

44 p.Con el objetivo de evaluar un método de predicción del rendimiento temprano en la temporada y la relación entre las variables que componen la estructura del racimo y el peso final de este para Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay y Carmenere, se realizó un ensayo en parcelas experimentales ubicadas en la localidad de San Rafael, Talca (35º 31’ LS; 71º 53’ LW; 110 m.s.n.m.). El viñedo seleccionado se encontraba en equilibrio productivo-vegetativo, conducido en espaldera vertical simple y regado por goteo. En cada parcela experimental se muestreó racimos en forma aleatoria. La proyección del rendimiento se realizó tomando en cuenta el peso de racimo (en fase de retraso o al inicio del endurecimiento de las semillas), multiplicándolo por un factor estándar de 2 y por el número de racimos totales. Para determinar la relación entre los componentes de la estructura del racimo y obtener su correlación con el peso final, a cada racimo muestreado se le midió el número de brazos primarios, número de bayas y el largo, relacionando estas variables con el peso, a través de regresiones lineales simples. En ambos cultivares, los pesos de racimo proyectados en la fase de retraso fueron considerablemente menores a los obtenidos en la cosecha. La predicción del rendimiento realizada, fue muy similar a la producción real, tanto para la variedad Carmenère y Chardonnay, con coeficientes de variación entre la producción proyectada y la real de 0,0028 y 0,034 respectivamente. La mayor correlación entre las variables estructurales y el peso de racimos se obtuvo con el largo de racimo. En ambas variedades el coeficiente de correlación fue superior a 0,75 en tanto la variable con menor correlación fue el número de brazos primarios donde para ambas variedades el coeficiente de correlación no supero 0,45

Maternal Geohelminth Infections Are Associated with an Increased Susceptibility to Geohelminth Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study

Background: Children of mothers infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) may have an increased susceptibility to STH infection. Methods and Findings: We did a case-control study nested in a birth cohort in Ecuador. Data from 1,004 children aged 7 months to 3 years were analyzed. Cases were defined as children with Ascaris lumbricoides and/or Trichuris trichiura, controls without. Exposure was defined as maternal infection with A. lumbricoides and/or T. trichiura, detected during the third trimester of pregnancy. The analysis was restricted to households with a documented infection to control for infection risk. Children of mothers with STH infections had a greater risk of infection compared to children of uninfected mothers (adjusted OR 2.61, 95% CI: 1.88–3.63, p,0.001). This effect was particularly strong in children of mothers with both STH infections (adjusted OR: 5.91, 95% CI: 3.55–9.81, p,0.001). Newborns of infected mothers had greater levels of plasma IL-10 than those of uninfected mothers (p = 0.033), and there was evidence that cord blood IL-10 was increased among newborns who became infected later in childhood (p = 0.060). Conclusion: Our data suggest that maternal STH infections increase susceptibility to infection during early childhood, an effect that was associated with elevated IL-10 in cord plasma

Uso de enmiendas orgánicas bio-estabilizado de cerdo y guano broiler como alternativa nutricional al uso de fertilizantes convencionales en el cultivo del arroz (Oryza. sativa.L).

65 p.El uso de desechos producidos en planteles de engorda como fuente de fertilización en el cultivo del arroz (Oryza sativa. L), puede ser una alternativa conveniente desde el punto de vista productivo como económico, ante el uso de fertilizantes convencionales. Durante la temporada 2011/2012 se realizó un experimento de campo para evaluar los efectos producidos por el uso bio-estabilizado de cerdo (B) y guano broiler (GB) en comparación al de fertilizantes convencionales aplicados en diferentes etapas fenológicas del cultivo. Se estudiaron distintos componentes de producción y de rendimiento, además de realizar una evaluación económica de cada uno de los tratamientos evaluados. El experimento se llevo a cabo en el campo experimental de la asociación de regantes DIGUA, ubicada en el km 20 camino a Cauquenes en la comuna de Parral, VII región del Maule. La siembra se realizó el día 27 de octubre con semilla pre-germinada, donde se utilizaron las variedades Diamante y Zafiro. El diseño del experimento fue en bloques al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas, con 11 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones por cada uno de ellos: Control sin fertilización (T1), Fertilización convencional (FC) con dosis de 80 kg de N ha-1 parcializado ½ a la siembra y ½ a la macolla (T2). FC con dosis de 80 kg de N ha-1 parcializado ½ a la siembra y ½ al inicio de panícula (T3). C + 40 Kg N ha-1 en macolla (T4), C + 40 Kg N ha-1 en inicio de panícula (T5), B en pre-siembra en dosis equivalente a 80 kg de N ha-1 (T6), GB en pre-siembra en dosis equivalente a 80 kg de N ha-1 (T7), B en dosis equivalente a 40 kg de N ha-1 + 40 Kg N ha-1 en macolla (T8), B en dosis equivalente a 40 kg de N ha-1 + 40 Kg N ha-1 en inicio de panícula (T9), GB en dosis equivalente a 40 kg de N ha-1 + 40 Kg N ha-1 en macolla (T10), GB en dosis equivalente a 40 kg de N ha-1 + 40 Kg N ha-1 en inicio de panícula (T11). Los parámetros evaluados fueron los componentes de producción (rendimiento de grano, concentración de N (%) en la planta entera, producción de MS, extracción de N y RAN por parte del cultivo) y los componentes de rendimiento (largo de panículas, número de granos, número de granos vanos y el número de plantas). Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza, utilizando el programa computacional SAS System versión 6.2, en aquellas situaciones en que el ANDEVA indicó diferencias significativas se realizó una separación de medias a través del test de Tukey utilizando un 5% de significancia. Los resultados obtenidos indican que al utilizar GB en pre-siembra como fuente de N se obtienen rendimientos de grano y producción de MS similares a los obtenidos mediante el uso de fertilizantes convencionales y mayor al uso de B. Los demás parámetros de producción evaluados no fueron afectados por el uso de las enmiendas utilizadas, pero si por el uso de fertilizantes convencionales. En tanto para los componentes de rendimiento, el uso de ambas enmiendas, ya sean aplicadas de forma individual o en combinación con una fertilización convencional, afectaron el largo de panículas. El número de grano se vio afectado por el uso de GB y B en combinación con fuentes inorgánicas de N. En tanto el número de granos vanos y el número de plantas no se vieron afectados por ningún tratamiento. De todos los parámetros antes mencionados el uso de variedades solo tuvo incidencia estadística sobre el largo de panículas y el número de granos, siendo mayor para Diamante que para Zafiro. En términos económicos, el uso de GB permite obtener rendimientos similares al uso de fertilizantes convencionales con una relación beneficio / costo más favorable al cultivo. Palabras clave: Enmiendas orgánicas, Guano broiler, Bio-estabilizado, fertilizantes, arroz, rendimiento./ABSTRACT: The use of waste produced in animal fattening buildings as a source of fertilization in rice crop (Oryza sativa.L) can be a good alternative from both the productive and the economic point of view. During the season 2011/2012, some field work was carried out. The objective was to evaluate what the effects were when using pig compost (PC) and poultry litter (PL). Such effects were compared to the ones when using conventional fertilizers which were applied in different phenologic stages. Different production and yield components were studied. An economic evaluation of each evaluated treatments was also made.The field work was carried out in the experimental field belonging to Digua Irrigation Association, located in kilometre 20 road Cauquenes in the commune of Parral, 7° Region. The sowing of the pre-germinated seeds was done on October 27th, being Zafiro and Diamante the varieties used. The experimental design was randomized complete block with split plot arrangement with 11 treatments and 4 replications for each one of them: Control without fertilization (T1), Conventional fertilization (FC) with 80 Kg of N ha-1, being half of it for the sowing and the other half for the tillering (T2). FC with 80 Kg of N ha-1, being half of it for the sowing and the other half panicle initiation (T3). C + 40 Kg N ha-1 in tillering (T4). C + 40 Kg N ha-1 in panicle initiation (T5). PC in pre- sowing 80 Kg N ha-1 (T6). PL in pre-sowing 80 Kg N ha-1 (T7). PC 40 Kg N ha-1 in pre-sowing + 40 Kg N ha-1 in tillering (T8). PC 40 Kg N ha-1 in pre-sowing + 40 Kg N ha-1 in panicle initiation (T9). PL 40 Kg N ha-1 in pre-sowing + 40 Kg N ha-1 in tillering (10). PL 40 Kg N ha-1 in pre-sowing + 40 Kg N ha-1 in panicle initiation (T11). The assessed parametres were the components of production (grain yield, concentration of N (%) in the whole plant, production of , dry matter extraction of N and NRA by the plant) and the yield components (panicle length, number of grains, number of grains and the number of plants). With the results obtained, a variance analysis was carried out using the computer programme SAS System version 6.2. Every time ANDEVA showed a significant difference, it was carried out a separation of the averages by using Tukey test with a 5 % of significance . The result showed that using PL in pre-sowing as a source of N and other nutrients, the results obtained in terms of grain and MS production yields are quite similar to those obtained when using conventional fertilizers and higher when using the B. The other yield parametres which were analysed did not show any changes when using amendments. However, there were changes when conventional fertilizers were used. As far as the yield is components, the use of both amendments, whether applied individually or combined with conventional fertilization, the panicle length changed. The number of grains changed when using PL and PC in conjunction with inorganic sources of N. In relation to the number of bad grains and the number of plants, they were not affected by any of the procedures. From all the parametres above mentioned, the use of varieties had statistical significance only to the length of the panicles and the number of grains, being higher for diamante. In terms of money, similar yields are obtained when using PL and conventional fertilizers with a better crop profit/cost relation. Key words: Organic amendments, Poultry litter, Pig compost, fertilizer, rice, Grain yiel

Proteolytic cleavage of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel alpha2delta subunit: structural and functional features.

International audienceBy mediating depolarization-induced Ca(2+) influx, high-voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels control a variety of cellular events. These heteromultimeric proteins are composed of an ion-conducting (alpha(1)) and three auxiliary (alpha(2)delta, beta and gamma) subunits. The alpha(2)delta subunit enhances the trafficking of the channel complex to the cell surface and increases channel open probability. To exert these effects, alpha(2)delta must undergo important post-translational modifications, including a proteolytic cleavage that separates the extracellular alpha(2) from its transmembrane delta domain. After this proteolysis both domains remain linked by disulfide bonds. In spite of its central role in determining the final conformation of the fully mature alpha(2)delta, almost nothing is known about the physiological implications of this structural modification. In the current report, by using site-directed mutagenesis, the proteolytic site of alpha(2)delta was mapped to amino acid residues Arg-941 and Val-946. Substitution of these residues renders the protein insensitive to proteolytic cleavage as evidenced by the lack of molecular weight shift upon treatment with a disulfide-reducing agent. Interestingly, these mutations significantly decreased whole-cell patch-clamp currents without affecting the voltage dependence or kinetics of the channels, suggesting a reduction in the number of channels targeted to the plasma membrane

La salud mental desde el activismo feminista en Concepción Una mirada desde la Terapia Ocupacional

Tesis (Terapeuta Ocupacional)En el presente Seminario de Título se dará a conocer cómo se relaciona la salud mental con el activismo feminista en la Ciudad de Concepción, en donde es fundamental comenzar conociendo la historia y construcción socio-cultural de la mujer en nuestro país, determinando las motivaciones y factores que han llevado a la conformación de movimientos sociales feministas, que desde sus inicios han trabajado en favor del reconocimiento de la mujer como una actora social importante y activa. Esto, dando a conocer y a considerar la historia de la conformación de las posiciones sociales que ha tenido hasta el día de hoy la mujer dentro de nuestra cultura, las cuales se encuentran determinadas por la interseccionalidad que vivencia cada una de éstas. Así también, se hace alusión a las necesidades actuales que ha llevado a que el movimiento feminista se fortalezca y luche por objetivos comunes. Por otro lado, cabe mencionar que la información recopilada para la elaboración de esta investigación se extrae principalmente de 5 sujetas feministas habitantes de la Ciudad de Concepción a las cuales se les aplica entrevistas semi estructuradas, sumado a esto se realiza un levantamiento de información previo con un colectivo llamado “Autogestión Libremente” el cual posee un eslogan de “no es lo mismo ser loca que loco”, conformado por mujeres feministas, anti patriarcales y anti psiquiatría, oriundas de la Región Metropolitana, además de una feminista parte de “Shakti”, una agrupación conformada en Concepción, que nos permite indagar en las categorías generando un análisis en profundidad de los planteamientos teóricos y prácticos. La metodología ocupada para la elaboración de esta investigación es cualitativa, ya que proporciona profundidad a los datos, dispersión, riqueza interpretativa, contextualización del ambiente o entorno, detalles y experiencias únicas, en donde el análisis de la información entregada se realizó a través de las categorías y subcategorías de análisis con el fin de ser interpretadas junto a vii los planteamientos teóricos en un análisis más exhaustivo de los objetivos específicos planteados dentro de la investigación. Para finalizar, en la presente investigación se realiza un análisis de lo relatado y compartido por cada una de las mujeres feministas en relación a las praxis ocupacionales que éstas poseen relacionadas con la salud mental de la mujer Chilena en la actualidad, enfatizando en aspectos fundamentales de la disciplina de la Terapia Ocupacional como Justicia ocupacional y ocupación, en donde los discursos arrojan información fundamental para generar un análisis en cuanto a dichos conceptos que son llevados de manera implícita dentro de la cotidianidad de las sujetas entrevistadas.In the present seminar will be announced how mental health relates to feminist activism in the city of Concepción, where it is essential to begin knowing the history and socio-cultural construction of women in our country, determining the motivations and factors that have led to the shaping of feminist social movements, which since its inception have worked in favor of the recognition of women as an important and active social act. This, giving to know and to consider the history of the conformation of the social positions that has had until today the woman within our culture, which are determined by the intersectional one that experiences each one of these. It also refers to the current needs that have led the feminist movement to strengthen and fight for common goals. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that the information compiled for the elaboration of this investigation is extracted mainly from 5 subjects feminist inhabitants of the city of conception to which they are applied semi structured interviews, added to this is done a preliminary information gathering with a collective of name "is not the same be Crazy man that Crazy women", formed by women feminists, anti patriarchal and anti Psychiatry, natives of the region Metropolitan, in addition to a feminist part of Shakti, a group formed in Concepción, which allows us to investigate in the categories generating an indepth analysis of the theoretical and practical approaches. The methodology occupied for the elaboration of this research is qualitative because it provides depth to the data, dispersion, richness interpretative, contextualisation of the environment or environment, details and unique experiences, where the analysis of the Information delivered was carried out through the categories and subcategories of analysis in order to be interpreted together with the theoretical approaches in a more exhaustive analysis of the specific objectives posed within the research. In conclusion, in this research, an analysis is carried out of what is reported and shared by each of the feminist women in relation to the occupational praxis that they have related to the mental health of Chilean women today, emphasizing fundamental aspects of the discipline of occupational therapy as occupational justice and occupation, where speeches shed fundamental information to generate an analysis of these concepts that are implicitly carried Within the daily life of the subjects interviewed

Architecture for Neurological Coordination Tests Implementation

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59147-6_3This paper proposes a generic architecture for devising interactive neurological assessment tests, aimed at being implemented on a touchscreen device. The objective is both to provide a set of software primitives that allow the modular implementation of tests, and to contribute to the standardization of test protocols. Although our original goal was the application of machine learning methods to the analysis of test data, it turned out that the construction of such framework was a pre-requisite to collect enough data with the required levels of accuracy and reproducibility. In the proposed architecture, tests are defined by a set of stimuli, responses, feedback information, and execution control procedures. The presented definition has allowed for the implementation of a particular test, the Finger-Nose-Finger, that will allow the exploitation of data with intelligent techniques.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Two PEST-like motifs regulate Ca2+/calpain-mediated cleavage of the CaVbeta3 subunit and provide important determinants for neuronal Ca2+ channel activity.

International audienceAn increase in intracellular Ca2+ due to voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channel opening represents an important trigger for a number of second-messenger-mediated effects ranging from neurotransmitter release to gene activation. Ca2+ entry occurs through the principal pore-forming protein but several ancillary subunits are known to more precisely tune ion influx. Among them, the CaVbeta subunits are perhaps the most important, given that they largely influence the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the channel. Notably, several functional features may be associated with specific structural regions of the CaVbeta subunits emphasizing the relevance of intramolecular domains in the physiology of these proteins. In the current report, we show that CaVbeta3 contains two PEST motifs and undergoes Ca2+ -dependent degradation which can be prevented by the specific calpain inhibitor calpeptin. Using mutant constructs lacking the PEST motifs, we present evidence that they are necessary for the cleavage of CaVbeta3 by calpain. Furthermore, the deletion of the PEST sequences did not affect the binding of CaVbeta3 to the ion-conducting CaV2.2 subunit and, when expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 cells, the PEST motif-deleted CaVbeta3 significantly increased whole-cell current density and retarded channel inactivation. Consistent with this observation, calpeptin treatment of human embryonic kidney-293 cells expressing wild-type CaVbeta3 resulted in an increase in current amplitude. Together, these findings suggest that calpain-mediated CaVbeta3 proteolysis may be an essential process for Ca2+ channel functional regulation