La Competencia Electoral por Asunción: los Presupuestos Constitucionales de Procedibilidad.

Este trabajo de tesis contiene diagramas de flujo y tablas comparativas.En esta investigación se ha desarrollado un análisis de la reforma constitucional en materia política-electoral 2014, que marcó un hito en la historia del constitucionalismo mexicano al establecer la creación de un órgano nacional electoral, marcada como una tendencia hacia la centralización de la función electoral. En ese sentido, se parte de la problemática planteada por el poder reformador de la Constitución para dar origen a un órgano nacional electoral; el argumento central radicó en la ausencia de independencia e imparcialidad de las autoridades administrativas electorales locales frente a los procesos comiciales en los que intervienen

Moth trapping of males using Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae in sugarcane plantations

Objective: To standardize the method of attraction-capture of male moths with Diatraea pupae in Delta traps. Design/methodology/approach: The treatments were: 2 female pupae (T1), 3 female pupae (T2) and 2 female pupae and 1 female adult (T3), placed in Delta traps. The response variable was the number of male moth captures per trap. ANOVA and comparison of means (Tukey, p≤0.05) were performed. Results: Significant differences were observed between treatments (p≤0.05), T3 with respect to T1 and T2, where it was observed that T3 had the lowest number captured with 0.94 adults/trap from May to July 2022. It was also observed that the highest abundance of Diatraea moths was recorded in June with a capture of 3.05 adults/trap, although T1 had the highest capture with 4.16. Limitations on study/implications: The use of commercial pheromones has been established as a method of capture-presence and stem borer moth trapping. In recent years, no favorable results have been observed with the use of pheromones on D. saccharalis, D. grandiosella and D. considerata species with Delta traps. This could be indicative of another species of Diatraea. Findings/conclusions: The use of two Diatraea pupae per trap allows the attraction of male moths. This would help in the detection and regulation of moths, with the aim of interrupting the life cycle. Key words: sex pheromones, pest and stem borer.Objective: To standardize the moth trapping method through the use of Delta traps with Diatraea pupae to lure males. Design/Methodology/Approach: The following lure types were placed inside Delta traps: two female pupae (T1), three female pupae (T2), and two female pupae with one adult female (T3). The response variable was the number of male moths captured per trap. An analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p≤0.05) were performed. Results: Statistical differences (p≤0.05) were observed between T3 and T1/T2: T3 trapped the lowest number of specimens (0.94 adults/trap) from May to July 2022. Likewise, June recorded the highest abundance of Diatraea moths (3.05 adults/trap). Nevertheless, T1 captured the highest number of specimens (4.16). Study Limitations/Implications: The use of commercial pheromones has been established as a useful moth trapping method in the case of stem borers. In recent years, no favorable results have been observed with the use of pheromones of the D. saccharalis, D. grandiosella, and D. considerata species in Delta traps. These findings could be indicative of the presence of another Diatraea species. Findings/Conclusions: The use of two Diatraea pupae per trap attracts male moths. This method would help to detect and regulate moths, with the aim of interrupting their life cycl

Neuroprotection with Hypothermia and Allopurinol in an animal model of hypoxic-ischemic injury: Is it a gender question?

Abstract Background Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most important causes of neonatal brain injury. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for term newborns after perinatal hypoxic ischemic injury (HI). Despite this, TH does not provide complete neuroprotection. Allopurinol seems to be a good neuroprotector in several animal studies, but it has never been tested in combination with hypothermia. Clinical findings show that male infants with (HI) fare more poorly than matched females in cognitive outcomes. However, there are few studies about neuroprotection taking gender into account in the results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential additive neuroprotective effect of allopurinol when administrated in association with TH in a rodent model of moderate HI. Gender differences in neuroprotection were also evaluated Methods P10 male and female rat pups were subjected to HI (Vannucci model) and randomized into five groups: sham intervention (Control), no treatment (HI), hypothermia (HIH), allopurinol (HIA), and dual therapy (hypothermia and allopurinol) (HIHA). To evaluate a treatment's neuroprotective efficiency, 24 hours after the HI event caspase3 activation was measured. Damaged area and hippocampal volume were also measured 72 hours after the HI event. Negative geotaxis test was performed to evaluate early neurobehavioral reflexes. Learning and spatial memory were assessed via Morris Water Maze (MWM) test at 25 days of life. Results Damaged area and hippocampal volume were different among treatment groups (p = 0.001). The largest tissue lesion was observed in the HI group, followed by HIA. There were no differences between control, HIH, and HIHA. When learning process was analyzed, no differences were found. Females from the HIA group had similar results to the HIH and HIHA groups. Cleaved caspase 3 expression was increased in both HI and HIA. Despite this, in females cleaved caspase-3 was only differently increased in the HI group. All treated animals present an improvement in short-term (Negative geotaxis) and long-term (WMT) functional tests. Despite this, treated females present better long-term outcome. In short-term outcome no sex differences were observed. Conclusions Our results suggest that dual therapy confers great neuroprotection after an HI event. There were functional, histological, and molecular improvements in all treated groups. These differences were more important in females than in males. No statistically significant differences were found between HIHA and HIH; both of them present a great improvement. Our results support the idea of different regulation mechanisms and pathways of cell death, depending on gender

Water resource recovery by means of microalgae cultivation in outdoor photobioreactors using the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor fed with pre-treated sewage

[EN] With the aim of assessing the potential of microalgae cultivation for water resource recovery (WRR), the performance of three 0.55 m3 flat-plate photobioreactors (PBRs) was evaluated in terms of nutrient removal rate (NRR) and biomass production. The PBRs were operated outdoor (at ambient temperature and light intensity) using as growth media the nutrient-rich effluent from an AnMBR fed with pre-treated sewage. Solar irradiance was the most determining factor affecting NRR. Biomass productivity was significantly affected by temperatures below 20 °C. The maximum biomass productivity (52.3 mg VSS·L−1·d−1) and NRR (5.84 mg NH4-N·L−1·d−1 and 0.85 mg PO4-P·L−1·d−1) were achieved at solar irradiance of 395 μE·m−2·s−1, temperature of 25.5 °C, and HRT of 8 days. Under these conditions, it was possible to comply with effluent nutrient standards (European Directive 91/271/CEE) when the nutrient content in the influent was in the range of 40 50 mg N·L−1 and 6 7 mg P·L−1.This research work was possible thanks to project CTM2011-28595-C02-01/02 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness jointly with the European Regional Development Fund and Generalitat Valenciana (GVA-ACOMP2013/203). This research was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via a pre-doctoral FPU fellowship to the second author (AP2010-3708).Viruela Navarro, A.; Murgui Mezquita, M.; Gómez Gil, TA.; Durán Pinzón, F.; Robles Martínez, Á.; Ruano García, MV.; Ferrer Polo, J.... (2016). Water resource recovery by means of microalgae cultivation in outdoor photobioreactors using the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor fed with pre-treated sewage. Bioresource Technology. 218:447-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.116S44745421

Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

14 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 67 referencias.- The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01670-7Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC grant 647038 (BIODESERT) awarded to F.T.M.) and Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation (HSF21040). J. Ding was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (41991232) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China. M.D.-B. acknowledges support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea Next Generation EU/PRTR and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. O.S. was supported by US National Science Foundation (Grants DEB 1754106, 20-25166), and Y.L.B.-P. by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (MSCA-1018 IF) within the European Program Horizon 2020 (DRYFUN Project 656035). K.G. and N.B. acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) SPACES projects OPTIMASS (FKZ: 01LL1302A) and ORYCS (FKZ: FKZ01LL1804A). B.B. was supported by the Taylor Family-Asia Foundation Endowed Chair in Ecology and Conservation Biology, and M. Bowker by funding from the School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University. C.B. acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971131). D.B. acknowledges support from the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFI KKP 144096), and A. Fajardo support from ANID PIA/BASAL FB 210006 and the Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050. M.F. and H.E. received funding from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (grant 39843). A.N. and M.K. acknowledge support from FCT (CEECIND/02453/2018/CP1534/CT0001, SFRH/BD/130274/2017, PTDC/ASP-SIL/7743/2020, UIDB/00329/2020), EEA (10/CALL#5), AdaptForGrazing (PRR-C05-i03-I-000035) and LTsER Montado platform (LTER_EU_PT_001) grants. O.V. acknowledges support from the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFI KKP 144096). L.W. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (EAR 1554894). Y.Z. and X.Z. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2003214). H.S. is supported by a María Zambrano fellowship funded by the Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next Generation plan. The use of any trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by any agency, institution or government. Finally, we thank the many people who assisted with field work and the landowners, corporations and national bodies that allowed us access to their land.Peer reviewe

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Reflexiones en torno a la enseñanza de la geografía en el segundo ciclo del nivel primario, a partir de la didáctica crítica

Licenciatura en Educación Primari

Estudio descriptivo de enoturismo de La Rioja en España, valle de Napa en Estados Unidos, valle de Barossa en Australia, valle de Colchagua en Chile y Baja California Norte en México

Esta investigación fue hecha con el objetivo general de realizar un análisis comparativo de la oferta de enoturismo en las regiones de Baja California Norte en México, Barossa en Australia, Colchagua en Chile, Napa en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y Rioja en España. En este trabajo se describen las regiones tomando en cuenta sus características geográficas, sus antecedentes y su análisis de acuerdo a la información encontrada fundamentada en criterios turísticos. A través de esta investigación se buscó recopilar información acerca de la oferta turística desde el punto de vista enológico en estas regiones del mundo, analizando la posición de dichas regiones como destinos de turismo vitivinícola