Diatomeas perifíticas del lago de Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México

Background. Lake Pátzcuaro has been exposed in the recent past to environmental deterioration with increasing eutrophication as a result of deforestation, indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, overfishing, unplanned urban growth, and sewage dumping. Goals. In order to contribute to the phycofloristic inventory of the Lake, we present the taxonomic description of the periphytic diatoms found, including morphometric information, meristic data, figures, as well as ecological and distributional notes. Methods. Sampling was carried out in four sites during two periods: after the rainy season (October 2004) and the dry season (May 2005); samples were gathered by scraping rooted and floating vegetation. Diatoms ´ thecae were cleared with hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide; permanent slides were made with Naphrax® resin and analyzed through optic microscopy. Results. A total of 83 periphytic diatom species were recorded, including eight varieties and one form; 20 species (24%) represent the first records for Mexico and 57 (68.6%) are new to the study area. Sixty-two species (74.7%) have cosmopolitan distribution and six (7.2%) have tropical affinity. Species richness was slightly higher after the rainy season (October 2004) with a total of 69 taxa, compared to 65 species recorded during the dry season (May 2005). Among the sampling sites, the island of Janitzio had the highest diatom diversity (46 taxa during the dry season). Conclusions. Deterioration of Lake Pátzcuaro in the previous decades has taken a toll on the health ofits ecological system. Diatoms identified in this study indicate a clear tendency of eutrophication of the waterbody.Antecedentes. El Lago de Pátzcuaro ha estado expuesto en el pasado reciente a deterioro ambiental con incrementos en su eutroficación, como resultado de la deforestación, uso indiscriminado de agroquímicos, pesca excesiva, desarrollo urbano no planificado y la descarga de aguas negras. Objetivos. Con la finalidad de contribuir con el inventario ficoflorístico del lago, se presenta la descripción taxonómica de las diatomeas perifíticas encontradas, incluyendo datos morfométricosy merísticos, figuras, así como anotaciones ecológicas y de distribución. Métodos. Los muestreos se realizaron en cuatro sitios durante dos periodos distintos: postlluvias y estiaje (secas) durante octubre 2004 y mayo 2005. Las muestras se obtuvieron raspando la vegetación flotante y arraigada. Los frústulos de las diatomeas se limpiaron oxidando la muestra con ácido clorhídrico y peróxido de hidrógeno; se elaboraron preparaciones permanentes con la resina Naphrax®, que fueron analizadas con microscopía óptica. Resultados. Un total de 83 especies de diatomeas perifíticas fueron determinadas,incluyendo ocho variedades y una forma; 20 especies (24%) constituyen los primeros registros para México y 57 (68.6%) para el área de estudio. 62 especies (74.7%) son de distribución cosmopolita y seis (7.2%) de afinidad tropical. La riqueza de especies fue ligeramente mayor en la época de poslluvias (octubre 2004) con 69 taxones en total y 65 durante el estiaje (mayo 2005). Entre los sitios de muestreo, Janitzio presentó la mayor diversidad de diatomeas, con 46 taxones durante el estiaje. Conclusiones. El deterioro del lago de Pátzcuaro en las últimas décadas ha repercutido en la salud del ecosistema. Las diatomeas identificadas en este estudio, evidencian una clara tendencia a la eutrofización del cuerpo de agua

Pharmaceutical and Botanical Management of Pain Associated with Psychopathology: A Narrative Review

Generally, pain can be described as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with tissue damage. Chronic pain has become a public health problem because among 35 and 75% of the world population has shown the symptom. In particular, neuropathic pain has shown high comorbidity disorders such as anxiety and depression. Conventional therapies for treating pain include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids, which usually cause some side effects such as gastritis, headache, liver and kidney toxicity, and drug dependence. Conventional pharmaceuticals also tend to be expensive, and they cannot be easily afforded in developing countries, which have led to the use of natural products as an alternative treatment. In this chapter, we reviewed the current research of natural products for pain treatment. We also describe preclinical studies that assess the effect of some natural products on pain therapy, phytochemistry research, toxicity, adverse effects, and biosecurity. We also describe how conventional pain is managed and the possible use of compounds obtained from vegetable species for pain treatment

Curso abierto de ayuda para la elaboración del Trabajo Fin de Grado en los Grados en Química e Ingeniería Química

Este proyecto llevará a cabo el desarrollo de un curso abierto que sirva a los estudiantes como guía de ayuda a la hora de elaborar su Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) en los Grados de Química e Ingeniería Química. Se incluirá una descripción de herramientas que los estudiantes puedan emplear en el desarrollo de sus TFG. Éstas serán seleccionadas de acuerdo con la experiencia de los miembros del Grupo y en función de las necesidades de los estudiantes. El curso resultante se editará para libre acceso a través del portal iTunes U, de ámbito internacional, convirtiéndose en el primer curso UCM ofertado en esta plataforma (tras consulta y aprobación del Vicerrectorado de Innovación; de no ser así, se alojará en alguna otra plataforma de amplia difusión). Se aprovechará la accesibilidad ofertada a los estudiantes por iTunes U para poner a su disposición el material elaborado logrando una gran difusión, incrementándose la visibilidad internacional de la UCM. El material de ayuda elaborado para el curso se presentará tanto en español como en inglés, para facilitar su uso por alumnos visitantes de la UCM, favoreciendo la movilidad de los estudiantes en el marco del EEES. Este material también se adaptará para poder ser empleado de forma directa, totalmente o en forma de módulos, en el Campus Virtual UCM

Determinación de procesos de fractura sobre huesos frescos: un sistema de análisis de los ángulos de los planos de fracturación como discriminador de agentes bióticos

The breakage planes of bones have diversely been used to classify breakage patterns. However, no diagnosis seems to be currently valid to differentiate between humans and carnivores as the main breaking agents. This work presents the results of experimentation focused on the analysis of the angles of each plane between the cortical and medullary surfaces resulting from breakage. It is shown that this approach can be fairly resolutive since both types of agents break bones through different physical processes (percussion and pression) which produce different angles in each fracture episode, as a result of the use of dynamic and static loading processes.Los paños de fractura de los huesos siempre se han prestado a diversos análisis de clasificación, pero con menor éxito se ha podido averiguar el (los) agente(s) responsable( s) de su ruptura. De los diversos atributos utilizados, uno de ellos (los ángulos de los planos de fractura) se ha sometido a exhaustivo análisis, con los resultados que se ofrecen en el presente trabajo. Se concluye que dichos ángulos, en su consideración global en una muestra pueden ser resolutivos ya que los diversos agentes bióticos que rompen huesos (humanos y carnívoros) lo hacen por procesos físicos distintos (percusión y presión) que provocan diagnosis diferenciadas en el modo en que los huesos aparecen fracturados

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Desarrollo de recursos didácticos adaptados para la Generación Z en el ámbito de la Ingeniería Química

En este Proyecto Innova-docencia se van a elaborar una serie de recursos didácticos que sirvan de apoyo a la docencia presencial y virtual de asignaturas del área de la Ingeniería Química a nivel de Grado y de Máster enfocados a la Generación Z

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The genus navicula sensu stricto in the upper lerma basin, México. I

In order to characterize and analyze the distribution of species of the genus Navicula sensu stricto in the Lerma River and its tributaries, biannual samplings (wet and dry seasons) for the period 2003 to 2005 were made at eleven locations in the Upper Lerma basin, central-western Mexico. Twenty-one species of Navicula Bory, were identified, of which fourteen represent new records for Mexico and five were new to the study area. Most of the species of Navicula s. str. observed in the study area are tolerant to high contents of organic matter, which is incorporated into the aquatic ecosystems as a product of agricultural and industrial activities and from deficiently treated municipal discharges of cities and towns present in the study area at the sites most affected by these activities. Cosmopolitan species with broad tolerances to organic pollution and eutrophic conditions, such as Navicula antonii, N. germainii, N. perminuta, N. rostellata and N. erifuga were present throughout the year. N. tripunctata and N. veneta, widely reported as tolerant to pollution from industrial activities in other regions of the world, were present at the sites most affected by these activities.Fil: Segura García, Virginia. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; MéxicoFil: Israde Alcántara, Isabel. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; MéxicoFil: Maidana, Nora Irene. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Effect of Doll Therapy in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a threat for people with dementia and their caregivers. Doll therapy is a non-pharmacological person-centered therapy to promote attachment, company, and usefulness with the aim of minimizing challenging behaviors. However, the results are not clear. (2) Objective: To know the effectiveness of doll therapy in reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms of people with dementia at a moderate-severe phase. (3) Methodology: The systematic review was informed according to the criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Searches were conducted in eight databases: Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs, PeDro, and Scopus before October 2021. Studies were selected when they accomplished the simple majority of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The risk of bias was appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. The review protocol was recorded in Inplasy:1539. (4) Results: The initial search strategy showed 226 relevant studies, 7 of which met the eligibility criteria. In the included studies, a total number of 295 participants (79% female) with a mean age of 85 years were enrolled. There was found to be a reduction in challenging and aggressive behaviors, the participants were less rough and irritable, and their communication skills and emotional state were also improved. (5) Conclusion: Our findings suggest that doll therapy improves the emotional state of people with dementia, diminishes disruptive behaviors, and promotes communication. However, randomized studies with a larger sample size and higher methodological rigor are needed, as well as follow-up protocols in order to reaffirm these results

ADHEFAP: ensayo clínico para evaluar una intervención telefónica educacional-conductual por el farmacéutico de atención primaria en la mejora de la adherencia terapéutica

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la mejora en la adherencia terapéutica (AT) de una intervención basada en el seguimiento telefónico por parte del farmacéutico de atención primaria (FAP). Diseño: Ensayo clínico abierto aleatorizado con grupo control. Emplazamiento: Este estudio se realizó en el ámbito de la atención primaria por un equipo multidisciplinar de 13 centros de salud pertenecientes a 4 direcciones asistenciales de la Comunidad de Madrid durante el año 2021. Participantes: Pacientes polimedicados (60-74 años) que aceptasen participar y fueran clasificados como no adherentes según el test Morisky-Green. Se captaron 224 pacientes, de los cuales 87 fueron no adherentes. De estos se perdieron 15, aleatorizándose finalmente 72. Terminaron el estudio 71 pacientes, 33 en el grupo intervención y 38 en el grupo control. Intervenciones: Al grupo intervención se le incluyó en un programa de seguimiento telefónico que consistía en una entrevista para mejorar la adherencia en los meses 1, 2 y 3. Para evaluar la mejora se repetía el test Morisky-Green al 4.° mes. En el control únicamente se realizó el test de AT al 4.° mes. Mediciones principales: Adherencia, medida por el Morisky-Green al inicio y a los 4 meses. Resultados: En el grupo intervención el 72,7% de los pacientes pasaron a ser adherentes, mientras que en el grupo control el 34,2%, siendo la diferencia del 38,5% (IC 95%: 17,1-59,9) estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: Tras la intervención de seguimiento telefónico educacional-conductual a pacientes no adherentes por parte del FAP se mejora la AT de forma estadísticamente significativa en el grupo intervención respecto al grupo control. Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the improvement in therapeutic adherence of an intervention based on telephone monitoring by the primary care pharmacist. Design: Randomized open controlled trial. Location: This study was carried out in 2021 by a multidisciplinary team working with health professionals of thirteen health centers belonging to four health districts in Community of Madrid, Spain. Participants: These were patients (60-74 years) with polipharmacy classified as non-adherent according to the Morisky-Green test. Two hundred and twenty-four patients were originally enrolled, 87 of them were non-adherents. Of these, 15 were lost and 72 were finally randomized. Seventy-one patients completed the study (33 intervention group and 38 control group). Interventions: Patients randomized to the intervention arm were included in a follow-up telephone program consisting of an interview at months 1, 2, and 3 to improve adherence. The Morisky-Green test was repeated at month 4 to assess improvement. In the control group this test was only performed at month 4. Main measurements: Adherence measured by Morisky-Green at baseline and at 4th month. Results: The 72.7% of patients in the intervention group became adherent while only 34.2% did in the control arm, being the difference 38.5% (95% CI: 17.1-59.9), statistically significant (P=.001). Conclusions: After a follow-up educational-behavioral telephone intervention in non-adherent patients by the primary care pharmacist, therapeutic adherence was improved statistically significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group