Simulación con Monte Carlo para dosimetría de 153Samario-HM en un modelo anatómico geométrico de rodilla humana

El 153Sm-hm es una nueva opción para realizar sinovectomía por radiación, que actualmente se encuentra en valoración. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo calcular la dosis absorbida en tejidos articulares proporcionada por la administración de 153Sm-hm intraarticular, utilizando la simulación de Monte Carlo, en una propuesta de un modelo simplificado anatómico geométrico de la articulación de la rodilla. Esto con el propósito de aportar datos que apoyen la administración segura y eficaz del radiofármaco en estudio a pacientes con enfermedad reumática de la articulación de la rodilla. Se concluye que la actividad administrada de 153Sm-hm por vía intra-articular es de 370 MBq para conseguir una dosis absorbida en membrana sinovial de 110 Gy, considerada como la dosis de ablación de la mencionada membrana

Preliminary clinical experience of the systemic use of 153Sm-EDTMP as a pain palliation agent in arthrosis and as an option for bone scanning in patients with bone metastases

Introducción: Muchos pacientes con artrosis tienen efectos secundarios producidos por los tratamientos convencionales. Estos pacientes son candidatos para tratamiento paliativo del dolor con 153Sm-EDTMP. Los pacientes con metástasis ósea, por lo general, requieren un rastreo utilizando ‘Tc-MDP, antes del tratamiento paliativo con 3Sm-EDTMP. Este trabajo tiene 2 objetivos: 1) evaluar el uso de 153Sm-EDTMP como alternativa en Los procedimientos de rastreo óseo en pacientes con metástasis ósea y, 2) si el 153Sm-EDTMP es captado en la articulación lesionada con artrosis, entonces se evalúa el uso eficiente y seguro de la administración sistémica de este radiofármaco, para Ia paliación del dolor por artrosis. Métodos y materiales: Una muestra no probabilística, de oportunidad y secuencial de 10 pacientes con artrosis fue seleccionada, así como, un paciente con metástasis ósea secundaria a cáncer de próstata. En Los 11 pacientes se realizaron gammagrafias óseas con Los radiofármacos “Tc-MDP y ls3mEDTMP, para comparar [a calidad de imagen y sitios de captación. En los pacientes con artrosis se administró por vía sistémica una dosis terapéutica de ‘Sm-EDTMP para la paliación del dolor. Se realizaron perfiles hematológicos con el fin de garantizar La seguridad de la médula ósea. La evolución del dolor y de la motilidad se utilizó para evaluar La eficacia analgésica 3Sm-EDTMR Resultados y conclusión: La calidad de imagen obtenida en Los 11 pacientes con ‘3Snì-EDTMP es similar desde el punto de vista clínico, a Ias obtenidas con ‘“Tc-MDR EL 3Sm-EDTMP es captado por las articulaciones con artrosis y metástasis óseas. La dosis terapéutica de 1’Sm-EDTMP administrada por vía intravenosa fue bien tolerada por Ia médula ósea en todos Los pacientes, así como hubo un efecto analgésico, por lo que mejoró la motilidad y la calidad de vida en los pacientes con artrosis.Introduction: Many patients with arthrosis have side effects produced by conventional treatments. These patients are candidates for pain palliation with 153Sm-EDTMP. Patients with cancer bone metastases usuaLly require a bone scanning procedure using ““Tc-MDP, prior to treatment through 153Sm-EDTMP. This work has two aims. Firstly, to assess the use of 153Sm- EDTMP as an alternative in bone scanning procedures in patients with bones metastases. Se condly, if the 153Sm-EDTMP is uptaken by the arthrosis injured joint, then the efficient and safe use of the systemic administration of this radiopharmaceutical is evaluated for pain palliation. Methods and materials: A non-probabilistic, of opportunity and sequential sample of 10 patients with arthrosis was selected, as well as, one patient with bone metastasis secondary to prostate cancer. In the li patients, bone scans were performed using both radiopharmaceuticals “‘T1Tc- MDP and 153Sm-EDTMP to compare image quality and uptake sites. In patients with arthrosis a therapeutic dose with ‘53Sm-EDTMP was systemically administered for pain palliation. Hemato logic profiles were performed in order to assure security to the bone marrow. Pain and motility evaluations were carried out to assess the Sm-EDTMP analgesic efficacy. Results and conclusion: The Image qualities obtained with 13Sm-EDTMP are similar from the cLinical point of view to those obtained with ““Tc-MDR Sm-EDTMP is captured by joints with arthrosis and bone metastases. Therapeutic doses of 1Sm-EDTMP intravenously administered are well tolerated by the bone marrow, while an analgesic effect is present which improves motility and quality of Life in patients with arthrosis

WORKING EXPERIENCE (BEGINNING AND FOLLOW-UP) OF GEOGRAPHERS AT UAEM, CONSIDERING THE 2003 UP TO THE 2015 GENERATION

Este producto deriva de un proyecto de investigación realizado en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), para conocer aspectos vinculados con la inserción y trayecto laboral de los geógrafos de dicha universidad, donde todo proyecto se somete a un Comité de evaluación, en la modalidad de doble ciego, quienes valoraran su pertinencia, viabilidad y confidencialidad de los datos, según las normas vigentes para el efecto.El artículo surge del Proyecto de Investigación “Inserción laboral de los egresados del Plan Flexible de la Licenciatura en Geografía de la UAEM”, registrado ante la Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (SIEA) de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. El propósito es conocer la proporción de egresados que se gradúan e incorporan al mercado de trabajo y cómo fue su comportamiento, en materia laboral, considerando desde que estudiaban el último año de la carrera, el año inmediato posterior al egreso y su empleo actual. Se trata de una investigación de tipo no experimental, a manera de ejercicio de desarrollo por cohortes, de la generación 2003-2008 a la 2010-2015. El universo lo conformaron 340 egresados. Mediante un muestreo probabilístico, de tipo aleatorio simple, se trabajó con 67 egresados para este estudio, quienes contaban con título profesional. Los resultados muestran cómo en la medida en que el tiempo avanza, la ocupación se incrementa con mayor vinculación entre formación y trabajo, pero los niveles de satisfacción resultan poco favorables

Experiencias visuales y cognitivas a través de GIFS en Educación Primaria

El GIF se ha convertido en un formato de expresión y comunicación habitual de las redes sociales, adquiriendo también protagonismo como un género artístico. Objetivos: El objetivo es generar experiencias cognitivas visuales en las que los niños sean protagonistas de su aprendizaje a través de ejemplos prácticos. Método: Para ello analizamos los archivos GIF clasificándolos a partir de tres criterios: intencionalidad, contexto y contenido, e identificando aplicaciones digitales (APPS) que permiten realizar GIFS. Asimismo, diseñamos una metodología bimodal que enlaza la identificación de APPS con la creación de GIFS. Resultados: Se han creado nueve GIFS a partir de contenidos curriculares artísticos utilizando APPS y procesos adecuados a la etapa de Primaria. Discusión: El análisis de APPS y los GIFS creados indican que ambos elementos asociados permiten trabajar contenidos en Educación Primaria presentando la información de un modo más dinámico y visual. Abstract: The GIF has become a habitual form of expression and communication in the social media, also acquiring importance as an artistic genre. Objectives: The aim is to generate visual cognitive experiences in which children are the protagonists of their learning through practical examples. Method: To this end, we analyse GIF files by classifying them according to three criteria: intentionality, context and content, and identifying digital applications (APPS) that allow GIFS to be made. We also designed a bimodal methodology that links the identification of APPS with the creation of GIFS. Results: Nine GIFS were created based on artistic curricular content using APPS and processes appropriate to the Primary level. Discussion: The analysis of APPS and the GIFS created indicate that both associated elements allow work on content in Primary Education presenting the information in a more dynamic and visual way

Lung emphysema and lung cancer: what do we know about it?

Emphysema and lung cancer (LC) are two diseases which share common risk factors, e.g., smoking. In recent years, many studies have sought to analyse this association. By way of illustration, we conducted a review of the scientific literature of the studies published to date, whose main designated aim was to demonstrate the relationship between emphysema and LC, and this association's influence on the histology, prognosis and molecular mechanisms responsible. We included over 40 studies (ranging from case-control and cohort studies to systematic reviews and meta-analyses), which highlight the association between emphysema and LC, independently of smoking habit. These studies also report a possible influence on histology, with adenocarcinoma being the most frequent lineage, and an association with poor prognosis, which affects both survival and post-operative complications. Oxidative stress, which generates chronic inflammatory status as well as the presence of certain polymorphisms in various genes (CYP1A1, TERT, CLPTM1L, ERK), gives rise-in the case of patients with emphysema-to alteration of cellular repair mechanisms, which in turn favours the proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells responsible for the origin of LC

Effect of Raw and Extruded Propionic Acid-Treated Field Beans on Energy and Crude Protein Digestibility (In-Vitro and In-Vivo), Growth and Carcass Quality in Grow-Finisher Pigs

The in-vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) of field beans treated with propionic acid (trFB) and extruded trFB (exFB) was determined in experiment 1. The DE and dCP values of trFB and exFB were determined using the difference method in experiment 2. The effect of replacing SBM with trFB and exFB in grow-finisher diets on growth, carcass quality, apparent ileal digestibility (AiD), and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, gross energy (GE), and CP were investigated in experiment 3. In exp. 1, in-vitro digestibility of exFB compared to trFB was unchanged for DM (p = 0.12), increased for OM (p 0.05).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of SPECT corrections on 3D-dosimetry for TARE

Purpose: Many centers aim to plan liver transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with dosimetry, even without CT-based attenuation correction (AC), or with unoptimized scatter correction (SC) methods. This work investigates the impact of presence vs absence of such corrections, and limited spatial resolution, on 3D dosimetry for TARE. Methods: Three voxelized phantoms were derived from CT images of real patients with different body sizes. Simulations of 99mTc-SPECT projections were performed with the SIMIND code, assuming three activity distributions in the liver: uniform, inside a "liver's segment," or distributing multiple uptaking nodules ("nonuniform liver"), with a tumoral liver/healthy parenchyma ratio of 5:1. Projection data were reconstructed by a commercial workstation, with OSEM protocol not specifically optimized for dosimetry (spatial resolution of 12.6 mm), with/without SC (optimized, or with parameters predefined by the manufacturer; dual energy window), and with/without AC. Activity in voxels was calculated by a relative calibration, assuming identical microspheres and 99mTc-SPECT counts spatial distribution. 3D dose distributions were calculated by convolution with 90Y voxel S-values, assuming permanent trapping of microspheres. Cumulative dose-volume histograms in lesions and healthy parenchyma from different reconstructions were compared with those obtained from the reference biodistribution (the "gold standard," GS), assessing differences for D95%, D70%, and D50% (i.e., minimum value of the absorbed dose to a percentage of the irradiated volume). γ tool analysis with tolerance of 3%/13 mm was used to evaluate the agreement between GS and simulated cases. The influence of deep-breathing was studied, blurring the reference biodistributions with a 3D anisotropic gaussian kernel, and performing the simulations once again. Results: Differences of the dosimetric indicators were noticeable in some cases, always negative for lesions and distributed around zero for parenchyma. Application of AC and SC reduced systematically the differences for lesions by 5%–14% for a liver segment, and by 7%–12% for a nonuniform liver. For parenchyma, the data trend was less clear, but the overall range of variability passed from −10%/40% for a liver segment, and −10%/20% for a nonuniform liver, to −13%/6% in both cases. Applying AC, SC with preset parameters gave similar results to optimized SC, as confirmed by γ tool analysis. Moreover, γ analysis confirmed that solely AC and SC are not sufficient to obtain accurate 3D dose distribution. With breathing, the accuracy worsened severely for all dosimetric indicators, above all for lesions: with AC and optimized SC, −38%/−13% in liver's segment, −61%/−40% in the nonuniform liver. For parenchyma, D50% resulted always less sensitive to breathing and sub-optimal correction methods (difference overall range: −7%/13%). Conclusions: Reconstruction protocol optimization, AC, SC, PVE and respiratory motion corrections should be implemented to obtain the best possible dosimetric accuracy. On the other side, thanks to the relative calibration, D50% inaccuracy for the healthy parenchyma from absence of AC was less than expected, while the optimization of SC was scarcely influent. The relative calibration therefore allows to perform TARE planning, basing on D50% for the healthy parenchyma, even without AC or with suboptimal corrections, rather than rely on nondosimetric methods

Use of small wind turbines in isolated areas social impact

Local development is aimed at achieving sustainability and energy independence with the use of indigenous resources, in this environment technologies that take advantage of wind energy is one of the most propitious in low wind speed. Since very remote times have been solving different problems in the isolated and rural areas, in the province of Manabí there are no high wind speeds these are maintained between 2.5 and 3.5 m / s. In the research carried out, it was possible to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing small wind turbines in most of the territory of the Chone canton of the province of Manabí, visualizing that the implementation of small-scale technology can provide adequate solutions to the use of the resource since there is potentiality Energy to introduce the technology with the use of micro-wind turbines that its starting speed is in the range of 1-3 m / s, knowing that these only require small technical maintenance, besides being viable technologies to support the change of Energy matrix, generation of jobs and promises to achieve energy independence in isolated rural areas, improving the living conditions of the population and enhancing social development

Project: Center for Diabetes and Metabolism [Centro de Diabetes y Metabolismo: CeDiMet], a collaborative dream comes true

Reynosa urban area has 690,000 inhabitants (384,000 adults \u3e20 years old), 35% moved from other states. The use of cell phones is in 81%, personal computer or laptop with 29%. The prevalence of overweight is 39%, obesity 36%, and T2D 13%. The expected adult population with T2D is 49,900 individuals. The are 5 clinics prepared to attend T2D, and few with specialized personnel. The CeDiMet is a collaborative clinic involving health personnel and researchers from the Universidad Mexico Americana del Norte, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Hospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, and the Texas Diabetes Institute in San Antonio. The funding source comes from private companies in Reynosa. The clinical structure includes physicians, nurses, nutritionists, psychologists, and a section for telemedicine for consulting specialists from USA and Mexico City. Besides clinical attendance, the CeDiMet will conduct educational activities in offices, factories, churches, and schools for prevention of obesity complications (T2D and hypertension), early detection of diabetic foot, fatty liver, and endothelial damage. “Tree of Health in the Family” is a program to encourage youth to know and understand the metabolic problems in their families to focus on prevention. Recently, we obtained a grant from COTACyT to explore the effect of COVID-19 in a cohort of 200 students and their families. The analysis of post-traumatic stress due to confinement and antibodies concentration to detect contacts and its association with metabolic problems is an example of the research we can perform

Targeted exome sequencing of Krebs cycle genes reveals candidate cancer–predisposing mutations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

Purpose: Mutations in Krebs cycle genes are frequently found in patients with pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas. Disruption of SDH, FH or MDH2 enzymatic activities lead to accumulation of specific metabolites, which give rise to epigenetic changes in the genome that cause a characteristic hypermethylated phenotype. Tumors showing this phenotype, but no alterations in the known predisposing genes, could harbor mutations in other Krebs cycle genes. Experimental Design: We used downregulation and methylation of RBP1, as a marker of a hypermethylation phenotype, to select eleven pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas for targeted exome sequencing of a panel of Krebs cycle-related genes. Methylation profiling, metabolite assessment and additional analyses were also performed in selected cases. Results: One of the 11 tumors was found to carry a known cancer-predisposing somatic mutation in IDH1. A variant in GOT2, c.357A>T, found in a patient with multiple tumors, was associated with higher tumor mRNA and protein expression levels, increased GOT2 enzymatic activity in lymphoblastic cells, and altered metabolite ratios both in tumors and in GOT2 knockdown HeLa cells transfected with the variant. Array methylation-based analysis uncovered a somatic epigenetic mutation in SDHC in a patient with multiple pheochromocytomas and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Finally, a truncating germline IDH3B mutation was found in a patient with a single paraganglioma showing an altered a-ketoglutarate/ isocitrate ratio. Conclusions: This study further attests to the relevance of the Krebs cycle in the development of PCC and PGL, and points to a potential role of other metabolic enzymes involved in metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosolThis work was supported by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias project PI15/00783, FEDER 2014-2020 (to A. Cascon) and the Deutsche Forschungs- gemeinschaft (grant RI 2684/1-1; to S. Richter). CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII is supported by grant PT13/0001, ISCIII-SGEFI/FEDE