Soil Fertility of Tropical Intensively Managed Forage System for Grazing Cattle in Brazil

In Brazil the predominant beef and dairy cattle production systems are based mostly on grazing and rely on native and cultivated pastures, which are grazed by continuous stocking all year round and are the main source of animal feed

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Potassium doses and frequency of application to alfalfa in a tropical soil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of doses and frequency of application of potassium fertilizer on the alfalfa dry matter yield and potassium content in plant and soil. The experimental was carried out in a Typic Hapludox and was designed in randomized blocks in 4 X 4 factorial with 3 replications. The treatments were 4 levels of potassium in topdressing fertilization (0, 600, 1200 and 1800 kg ha-1 year-1 of K2O) and 4 frequency of application (12 = after each cutting, 6 = after two cuttings, 4 = after three cuttings; and 2 = two applications per year). The use of 1420 kg.ha-1 per year of K2O applied after two cuttings (6 applications per year) increased alfalfa dry matter yield until 30500 kg ha-1 and provided the best use of K at the higher doses of fertilizer. Alfalfa shoot total K removal reached 704 kg ha-1 per year of K2O with the application of 1623 kg ha-1 per year of K2O. At the end of the experiment, soil exchangeable K increased with K rates, and the differences were observed util 0.6 m of depth

Potassium doses and frequency of application to alfalfa in a tropical soil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of doses and frequency of application of potassium fertilizer on the alfalfa dry matter yield and potassium content in plant and soil. The experimental was carried out in a Typic Hapludox and was designed in randomized blocks in 4 X 4 factorial with 3 replications. The treatments were 4 levels of potassium in topdressing fertilization (0, 600, 1200 and 1800 kg ha-1 year-1 of K2O) and 4 frequency of application (12 = after each cutting, 6 = after two cuttings, 4 = after three cuttings; and 2 = two applications per year). The use of 1420 kg.ha-1 per year of K2O applied after two cuttings (6 applications per year) increased alfalfa dry matter yield until 30500 kg ha-1 and provided the best use of K at the higher doses of fertilizer. Alfalfa shoot total K removal reached 704 kg ha-1 per year of K2O with the application of 1623 kg ha-1 per year of K2O. At the end of the experiment, soil exchangeable K increased with K rates, and the differences were observed util 0.6 m of depth

Yield, nutritional status and quality of alfalfa under grazing and weed occurrence in response to liming, gypsum and potassium fertilization

Alfalfa is extremely demanding in fertility, calcium and fertilizer unbalance of soil can lead to loss of alfalfa vigor, causing the development of aggressive weeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil amendment with lime and gypsum and potassium fertilizer on the alfalfa dry matter production, nutritional status and quality and weed occurrence. The results indicated that the practices associated with the lime and gypsum and fertilization with potassium can contribute substantially to the increased longevity of alfalfa. The major responses of alfalfa to potassium fertilization occurred in the highest soil base saturation (V = 80%). A trend of decreasing the occurrence of weeds with the improvement of soil fertility was also observed. The forage nutritional quality was not affected by treatments.</p

Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization Interactions On The Photosynthesis Of Containerized Citrus Nursery Trees

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer effect on the development of Valencia' sweet orange nursery trees budded on Rangpur lime rootstocks in a greenhouse using containers. The experiment was a complete (1/5) 5(3) factorial randomized blocks design. Treatments comprised five concentrations (g per plant) of N (1.25; 6.25; 11.25; 16.25; 21.25); K (0.42; 3.75; 6.22; 9.34; 12.45); and P (0.19; 0.89; 1.59; 2.29; 2.99). Carbon dioxide assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomata conductance (g(s)), and internal carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE). Reducing sugar, sucrose and starch were evaluated. Response functions were adjusted and nutrient rates for maximum yield were presented. The results indicated that the high levels of N (>16.25g per plant) interferes negatively on photosynthesis. Potassium at intermediate fertilization levels (from 3.75 to 6.22g per plant) had positive effects on photosynthesis. But P had little interference on photosynthesis. Carbohydrates levels were not related to nutrients fertilized.381219021912Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Yield, quality components and nitrogen levels of silage corn fertilized with urea and zeolite

The zeolite and urea mixture may be use to improve N efficiency use of silage corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter yield, quality components and nutritional levels of nitrogen of silage corn fertilized with urea and zeolite mixture. The experimental design was a 2 X 4 X 4 factorial randomized block design with three replications. Treatments comprised two types of stilbite zeolite (natural and concentrated), four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1) and four ratios of zeolite (25%, 50% and 100% of N level). Treatments were applied 60 days after planting with the topdressing fertilization. The ratio of 62% and 48%, respectively, of concentrated (650 g kg-1 of stilbite) and natural (470 g kg-1 of stilbite) zeolite with urea increased silage corn dry matter production and provided the best use of N at the higher doses of fertilizer, as indicated by higher levels of N in leaves. There were no significant differences between levels of fertilization and quality compounds: neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility. But crude protein increased linearly with N levels

Yield and nitrogen levels of silage corn fertilized with urea and zeolite

The zeolite and urea mixture may be use to improve N efficiency use of silage corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter yield, quality components and nutritional levels of nitrogen of silage corn fertilized with urea and zeolite mixture. The experimental design was a 2 X 4 X 4 factorial randomized block design with three replications. Treatments comprised two types of stilbite zeolite (natural and concentrated), four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1) and four ratios of zeolite (25%, 50% and 100% of N level). Treatments were applied 60 days after planting with the topdressing fertilization. The use of concentrated (650 g kg-1 of stilbite) or natural (470 g kg-1 of stilbite) zeolite with urea increased silage corn dry matter production and N leaf concentrations