Cohesión grupal: un estudio observacional de su incidencia en Educación Física

Group cohesion is one of the values required for the formation of work teams. An approach to curricular physical activities based on collaborative values can support and build it. In this sense, using observational methodology with different age groups, we study the interactions derived from different activities and situations, and their effects for group cohesion. We used a tool created in situ (SOGRUP 1) for the systematic multidimensional register of the interactive behaviors of students in the classroom. Results show that, in situations of greater freedom, interactive behaviors are higher in younger ages.La cohesión grupal es uno de los valores necesarios para la formación de equipos de trabajo. Un planteamiento basado en valores de colaboración de las actividades físicas curriculares puede favorecerla y desarrollarla. Estudiamos, bajo la metodología observacional, el resultado interactivo grupal que pueden tener diferentes situaciones motrices, favorecedoras o no de cohesión grupal, aplicadas en diferentes edades. Se utiliza un instrumento de observación SOGRUP 1 diseñado ad hoc para el registro sistemático de las conductas interactivas de los alumnos en clase. El resultado nos muestra que en las situaciones de mayor libertad las conductas interactivas son mayores en las edades más tempranas

A detailed workforce planning model including non-linear dependence of the capacity on the size of the staff and cash management

This paper introduces an original planning model which integrates production, human resources and cash management decisions, taking into account the consequences that decisions in one area may have on other areas and allowing all these areas to be coordinated. The most relevant characteristics of the planning problem are: (1) production capacity is a non-linear function of the size of the staff; (2) firing costs may depend on the worker who is fired; (3) working time is managed under a working time account (WTA) scheme, so positive balances must be paid to workers who leave the company; (4) there is a learning period for hired workers; and (5) cash management is included. A mixed integer linear program is designed to solve the problem. Despite the size and complexity of the model, it can be solved in a reasonable time. A numerical example is included to illustrate its performance.Preprin

Capacity planning with working time accounts in services

This paper presents, formalises and classifies working time accounts (WTA’s), means of achieving flexible production capacity through the flexible organization of working time. We propose linear programming models to plan working time, using WTA, at companies in service industry. A computational experiment shows that the models can be solves for any planning problems of reasonable size

Taking decisions on assignment of tasks with path dependent learning curves

Performance in doing a task in the learning stage depends on the previous practice on other tasks –learning curve is path dependent. A mathematical program aimed to assign a set of tasks to a set of workers considering path dependent learning curves is presented. Due dates for task and final knowledge objectives are possible, some tasks can be subcontracted and temporary workers can be hired. The model allows obtaining the cost of due dates and final knowledge

Solving the accessibility windows assembly line problem level 1 and variant 1 (AWALBP-L1-1) with precedence constraints

Assembly line balancing problems (ALBPs) are among the most studied combinatorial optimization problems due to their relevance in many production systems. In particular, the accessibility windows ALBP (AWALBP) may arise when the workpieces are larger than the workstations, which implies that at a given instant the workstations have access to only a portion of the workpieces. Thus, the cycle is split into forward steps and stationary stages. The workpieces advance during the forward steps and the tasks are processed during the stationary stages. Several studies have dealt with the AWALBP assuming that there are no precedence relationships between tasks. However, this assumption is not always appropriate. In this work we solve the first level of AWALBP (AWALBP-L1) considering the existence of precedence relationships. Specifically, this work deals with variant 1 (AWALBP-L1-1), in which each task can be performed at only one workstation and, therefore, only the stationary stages and the starting instants in which the tasks are performed have to be decided. We design a solution procedure that includes pre-processing procedures, a matheuristic and a mixed integer linear programming model. An extensive computational experiment is carried out to evaluate its performance.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Holocene environmental history and human impact in the Pyrenees

Pollen analysis of the sedimentary record of Lake Burg (Pyrenees, Spain) indicates a significant climatic oscillation during the Holocene, which, in addition to determining plant development, played a fundamental role in the development of anthropic activities and in human occupation of the High Pyrenees. This analysis has also been used to show how different degrees of human perturbation have repeatedly modified the environment. It is therefore not possible to study the current dynamics of the vegetation landscape without taking into account the combined effect of past human impacts responsible for its evolution. Consequently, when vegetation proxies, such as pollen or charcoal, are used to study climate change, it is also necessary to consider human influence as a distorting factor of the climate signal.L'anàlisi pol·línica del testimoni sedimentari de l'estany de Burg (Pirineus, Espanya) ha permès posar de manifest una important oscil·lació climàtica durant l'Holocè, que, a més de determinar el desenvolupament de la vegetació, ha tingut un rol fonamental en el desenvolupament de les activitats antròpiques i ha determinat l'ocupació humana de l'alta muntanya pirinenca. Aquesta anàlisi també ha servit per a comprovar com diferents pertorbacions humanes de grau divers han modificat el medi natural de manera recurrent i, per tant, no es pot estudiar la dinàmica actual del paisatge vegetal sense tenir en compte la suma d'impactes humans pretèrits responsables de la seva evolució. Així doncs, si per a estudiar el canvi climàtic es fan servir dades indirectes provinents de la vegetació, com ara el pol·len o els carbons vegetals, cal tenir en compte la influència humana com a factor distorsionador del senyal climàtic

Holocene environmental history and human impact in the Pyrenees

L'anàlisi pol·línica del testimoni sedimentari de l'estany de Burg (Pirineus, Espanya) ha permès posar de manifest una important oscil·lació climàtica durant l'Holocè, que, a més de determinar el desenvolupament de la vegetació, ha tingut un rol fonamental en el desenvolupament de les activitats antròpiques i ha determinat l'ocupació humana de l'alta muntanya pirinenca. Aquesta anàlisi també ha servit per a comprovar com diferents pertorbacions humanes de grau divers han modificat el medi natural de manera recurrent i, per tant, no es pot estudiar la dinàmica actual del paisatge vegetal sense tenir en compte la suma d'impactes humans pretèrits responsables de la seva evolució. Així doncs, si per a estudiar el canvi climàtic es fan servir dades indirectes provinents de la vegetació, com ara el pol·len o els carbons vegetals, cal tenir en compte la influència humana com a factor distorsionador del senyal climàtic.Pollen analysis of the sedimentary record of Lake Burg (Pyrenees, Spain) indicates a significant climatic oscillation during the Holocene, which, in addition to determining plant development, played a fundamental role in the development of anthropic activities and in human occupation of the High Pyrenees. This analysis has also been used to show how different degrees of human perturbation have repeatedly modified the environment. It is therefore not possible to study the current dynamics of the vegetation landscape without taking into account the combined effect of past human impacts responsible for its evolution. Consequently, when vegetation proxies, such as pollen or charcoal, are used to study climate change, it is also necessary to consider human influence as a distorting factor of the climate signal

Mètodes per a l'estudi transdisciplinari del paisatge d'àrees de muntanya

L'interès creixent per l'estudi del paisatge i de la seva dinàmica pretèrita i present dóna lloc a la utilització d'un gran nombre de metodologies que requereixen una aproximació transdisciplinària a partir de mètodes i de tècniques molt diferents. La proposta que es presenta aquí consisteix a interpretar el funcionament de l'espai geogràfic (entès com un sistema complex) mitjançant l'ús complementari de diversos tipus de fonts d'informació (paleobotàniques, documentals i edàfiques). El resultat és un paisatge condicionat per la dinàmica dels elements que en formen part, dels quals l'acció humana és el factor decisiu.El creciente interés por el estudio del paisaje y de su dinámica pretérita y presente está dando lugar a la utilización de un gran número de metodologías que requieren una aproximación transdisciplinaria a partir de métodos y de técnicas muy distintas. La propuesta metodológica que se presenta consiste en interpretar el funcionamiento del espacio geográfico (entendido como un sistema complejo) mediante el uso complementario de diversos tipos de fuentes de información (paleobotánicas, documentales y edáficas). El resultado es un paisaje condicionado por la dinámica de los elementos que forman parte de él, de los cuales la acción humana es el factor decisivo.L'intérêt croissant pour l'étude du paysage et de sa dynamique ancienne et actuelle donne lieu à l'utilisation d'un grand nombre de méthodologies qui requièrent une approche transdisciplinaire à partir de méthodes et techniques très différentes. La proposition présentée ici consiste à interpréter le fonctionnement de l'espace géographique (entendu comme un système complexe) en utilisant différents types de sources d'informations (paléobotaniques, documentaires et pédologiques). Le résultat est un paysage conditionné par la dynamique des éléments qui lui sont propres, dont l'action humaine en est le facteur décisif.The growing interest raised by landscape studies and its past and present dynamics is generating a large number of methods which require a trans-disciplinary approach from very different scientific angles. The method proposed in this paper is based on interpreting the way of geographic spaces (understood as a complex system) works through the use of several, complementing sources of information (paleo-botanical, archival and edaphic). The result is a landscape conditioned by the dynamics of the different elements intervening, of which human action appears to be the decisive factor

Aesthetic appreciation: event-related field and time-frequency analyses

Improvements in neuroimaging methods have afforded significant advances in our knowledge of the cognitive and neural foundations of aesthetic appreciation. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to register brain activity while participants decided about the beauty of visual stimuli. The data were analyzed with event-related field (ERF) and Time-Frequency (TF) procedures. ERFs revealed no significant differences between brain activity related with stimuli rated as “beautiful” and “not beautiful.” TF analysis showed clear differences between both conditions 400 ms after stimulus onset. Oscillatory power was greater for stimuli rated as “beautiful” than those regarded as “not beautiful” in the four frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). These results are interpreted in the frame of synchronization studies

L'evolució de l'ésser humà

Abstract not availabl