Alerta de explosiones algales en el Embalse San Roque a partir de datos satelitales diarios y mediciones de campo

Tesis (Magister en Aplicaciones Espaciales de Alerta y Respuesta Temprana a Emergencias)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, 2017.Maestría conjunta con el Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"-CONAELa eutrofización es un fenómeno que afecta a muchos cuerpos de agua en todo el mundo. En casos severos, la eutrofización puede llevar a grandes floraciones de algas. El Embalse San Roque, ubicado en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, no es ajeno a este proceso y en los últimos años se ha observado un incremento en las concentraciones anuales máximas de algas como consecuencia de eventos de floracion. Frente a esto, el monitoreo de la calidad de su agua es clave ya que es la fuente de abastecimiento más importante de la ciudad de Córdoba. La teledetección es una herramienta fundamental para complementar los monitoreos in situ tradicionales y comprender los procesos que ocurren en el Embalse. En este trabajo de tesis se generó un algoritmo semi-empı́rico obtenido a partir de datos satelitales del sensor MODIS y de mediciones in situ realizadas por la Secretarı́a de Recursos Hı́dricos de la Provincia de Córdoba. A partir de este modelo se obtuvo una serie temporal de concentración de Clorofila-a entre los años 2001 y 2014. Del análisis de dicha serie se puede concluir que el estado del agua del Embalse ha empeorado en los últimos 5 años (2010-2014). respecto de los primeros cinco de la serie (2001-2005). Además, se desarrolla un método de detección de floraciones algales a partir de la serie temporal de concentración de Clorofila-a (Cl-a) entre los años 2001 y 2014. A partir de la detección de las fechas de eventos de floración y caracterización de las mismas, es posible definir el rango de valores de Cl-a en los que el Embalse San Roque está en evento de floración ası́ como su estacionalidad, lo que permite generar una alerta cuando el cuerpo de agua se encuentra en estado de floración algal, fenómeno que puede afectar la salud humana.Eutrophication is a phenomenon that affects many water bodies around the world. In severe cases, eutrophication can lead to large algae blooms. San Roque Dam, located in the province of Cordoba, Argentina, is also subject to this process and in recent years there has been a disproportionate increase in algae concentration due to bloom events. In this context, monitoring the quality of water is crucial because it is the most important source of water supply for Cordoba city. Remote sensing is a fundamental complement to traditional in situ monitoring and aids to understand the processes occurring in the dam. In this thesis a semiempirical algorithm was obtained from MODIS data and in situ chlorophyll-a measurements, provided by the Ministry of Water Resources of Cordoba Province. From this model, a daily time chlorophyll-a time series was obtained from 2001 to 2014. Statistical analysis of the series indicate that water quality of the reservoir has worsened when comparing sets of last (2014-2010) and first (2010-2014) five years. Also a method to detect algae blooms was developed based on a time series of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the period 2001-2014. By detecting algae bloom dates and their statistic characterization, it is possible to define the range of Chl-a values in which the San Roque Dam is going through a bloom event and its seasonality, which allows generating an alert when the dam is in bloom event, which can be a problem to human healthFil: German, Alba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: German, Alba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich; Argentina

Multitemporal spectral analysis for algae detection in an eutrophic lake using Sentinel 2 images

Eutrophication is characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to the increased of organic matter, carbon dioxide and nutrients in water body. Although eutrophication naturally occurs over centuries as lakes age, human activities have accelerated it processes and caused dramatic changes to the aquatic ecosystems including elevated algae blooms and risk for hypoxia as well as degradation in the quality of drinking water and fisheries. Monitoring eutrophic processes is therefore highly important to human health and to the aquatic environment. However, the spatial and seasonal distribution of the phenomena and its dynamic are difficult to be resolved using conventional methods as water sampling or sparse acquisition of remote sensing data. This research work proposes a methodology that takes advantage of the high temporal resolution of Sentinel-2 (S2) for monitoring eutrophic reservoir. Specifically, it uses large temporal series of S2 images and advanced temporal unmixing model to estimate the abundance of [Chl-a] and algae species in San Roque reservoir, Argentina, in the period August 2016 to August 2019. The spatial patterns and the temporal tendencies of these aquatic indicators, that have a direct link to Eutrophication, were analysed and evaluated using in situ data in order to assess their contribution to the local water management.Fil: German, Alba. Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ferral, Anabella. Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Scavuzzo, Carlos Matias. Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Shimoni, M.. Belgian Royal Military Academy; Bélgic

Caracterización de la fruta, pulpa y concentrado de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.)

Tropical fruits such as cape gooseberry, provide appreciable amounts of body carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins required for good health. Its consumption is usually as fresh fruit. Because of its high water content it is highly perishable and require conservation techniques to avoid the decrease of the organoleptic properties. Within these techniques the most appreciated is the low temperatures concentration. With this work, the physic-chemical characterization of fruit, pulp and concentrate was done in order to select the most suitable for juice production. The concentrate was obtained at low temperatures as 10°C, and physic-chemical properties were evaluated at different time intervals. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the fruit and pulp in the aw, °Brix and acidity, the concentrated presented significant decreases in aw and xw, and increased °Brix and acidity. The maximum concentration (30°Brix) of the pulp was reached at 6 days, with a viscosity of 13,4 mPa.s and 34,4°Brix. According to the obtained values, the cape gooseberry pulp was selected as most appropriate product for juice processing due to the better preservation of fresh fruit characteristics.Las Frutas tropicales como la uchuva suministran al organismo cantidades apreciables de carbohidratos, minerales y vitaminas requeridos para una buena salud. Su consumo propiedades organolépticas, dentro de estas técnicas la más apreciada es la concentración a bajas temperaturas. En este trabajo se realizó la caracterización físico-química de la fruta, pulpa y concentrado de uchuva, para seleccionar la más adecuada en la producción de jugos. El concentrado se obtuvo a bajas temperaturas 10°C y se le evaluaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas a diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que no hay diferencia estadística significativa entre la fruta y la pulpa, en los parámetros de aw, °brix y acidez, el concentrado presentó disminuciones significativas en aw y xw e incrementó los °brix y la acidez. La máxima concentración (30°brix) de la pulpa se alcanzó a los 6 días, con una viscosidad de 13,4 mPa.s y 34,4°brix. De acuerdo a los valores obtenidos se seleccionó la pulpa de uchuva como el producto más adecuado en la elaboración de jugos, debido a la mayor conservación de las características de la fruta fresca

Evaluating the feasibility of using Sentinel-2 imagery for water clarity assessment in a reservoir

The new Sentinel-2 satellites present a significant scientific opportunity for the study of water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Sentinel-2 imagery for estimating and mapping Secchi disk transparency (SDT) in Río Tercero reservoir (Córdoba-Argentina). Field observations and a dataset of atmospherically corrected Sentinel-2 images were used to generate and validate an algorithm to estimate water clarity in the studied reservoir. As a real application of the used methodology, the validated algorithm was used to obtain a spatial representation of water clarity in the reservoir during sampling campaigns. Results demonstrate capabilities of Sentinel-2 mission to make a substantial contribution to the current assessment and understanding of aquatic systems by estimating and mapping a water quality characteristic.Fil: Bonansea, Matias. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Estudios Básicos y Agropecuarios; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Estudios Básicos y Agropecuarios; ArgentinaFil: Bazán, Raquel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ferral, Anabella. Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: German, Alba. Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; Argentina. Ministerio de Agua, Ambiente y Servicios Públicos. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba. Ministerio de Agua, Ambiente y Servicios Publicos.; ArgentinaFil: O Mill, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Ministerio de Agua, Ambiente y Servicios Públicos. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba. Ministerio de Agua, Ambiente y Servicios Publicos.; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Estudios Básicos y Agropecuarios; ArgentinaFil: Pinotti, Lucio Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentin

Pain exacerbates chronic mild stress-induced changes in noradrenergic transmission in rats

Depression can influence pain and vice versa, yet the biological mechanisms underlying how one influences the pathophysiology of the other remains unclear. Dysregulation of locus coeruleus-noradrenergic transmission is implicated in both conditions, although it is not known whether this effect is exacerbated in cases of co-morbid depression and chronic pain. We studied locus coeruleus activity using immunofluorescence and electrophysiological approaches in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS, an experimental model of depression) and/or chronic constriction injury (CCI, a model of chronic neuropathic pain) for 2 weeks. CCI alone had no effect on any of the locus coeruleus parameters studied, while CMS led to a slight reduction in the electrophysiological activity of the locus coeruleus. Furthermore, CMS was associated with an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the locus coeruleus, although they were smaller in size. Interestingly, these effects of CMS were exacerbated when combined with CCI, even though no changes in the α2-adrenoreceptors or the noradrenaline transporter were observed in any group. Together, these findings suggest that CMS triggers several modifications in locus coeruleus-noradrenergic transmission that are exacerbated by co-morbid chronic pain

Assessing land use and land cover change in Los Molinos reservoir watershed and the effect on the reservoir water quality

Understanding and modelling land use and land cover (LULC) change have become one of the major subjects of interest for environmental management due to the negative effects that human activities generate on the normal functioning and dynamics of freshwater resources. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are essential tools for assessing the drivers that cause LULC change and its relationship with lake and reservoir water quality. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal dynamics of LULC change in the watershed of Los Molinos reservoir (Argentina), and to investigate its relationship with the reservoir's water quality. Four Landsat imagery was used to analyse the LULC change in the studied watershed and in different buffer zones from 1990 to 2020. Further, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from a MODIS time-series dataset (2001–2020) was used to explain the effects of LULC change on the status of the reservoir. Results showed that the most significant LULC change started two decades ago and it has intensified during the last ten years. This change is related to the intensification of agriculture activities, and to the increasing conversion into urban areas, mainly on the shores of Los Molinos reservoir. During the period 2010–2020, urbanization located in the 1 km buffer zone defined from the shore of the reservoir increased at an annual rate of 18.02%. The degradation trend of LULC in Los Molinos watershed significantly contributed to the degradation of water quality of the reservoir. This was corroborated by analysing the MODIS NDVI time-series, which showed that since 2014 the NDVI trend-line presented an increasing behaviour and extreme values of NDVI, related to algal blooms, were more frequently observed.Fil: Bonansea, Matias. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Bazán, Raquel del Valle. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; ArgentinaFil: German, Alba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; ArgentinaFil: Ferral, Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; ArgentinaFil: Beltramone, Giuliana Beatriz. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cossavella, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Pinotti, Lucio Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentin

Enhancing the monitoring of fallen stock at different hierarchical administrative levels: an illustration on dairy cattle from regions with distinct husbandry, demographical and climate traits

Background: The automated collection of non-specific data from livestock, combined with techniques for data mining and time series analyses, facilitates the development of animal health syndromic surveillance (AHSyS). An example of AHSyS approach relates to the monitoring of bovine fallen stock. In order to enhance part of the machinery of a complete syndromic surveillance system, the present work developed a novel approach for modelling in near real time multiple mortality patterns at different hierarchical administrative levels. To illustrate its functionality, this system was applied to mortality data in dairy cattle collected across two Spanish regions with distinct demographical, husbandry, and climate conditions. Results: The process analyzed the patterns of weekly counts of fallen dairy cattle at different hierarchical administrative levels across two regions between Jan-2006 and Dec-2013 and predicted their respective expected counts between Jan-2014 and Jun- 2015. By comparing predicted to observed data, those counts of fallen dairy cattle that exceeded the upper limits of a conventional 95% predicted interval were identified as mortality peaks. This work proposes a dynamic system that combines hierarchical time series and autoregressive integrated moving average models (ARIMA). These ARIMA models also include trend and seasonality for describing profiles of weekly mortality and detecting aberrations at the region, province, and county levels (spatial aggregations). Software that fitted the model parameters was built using the R statistical packages. Conclusions: The work builds a novel tool to monitor fallen stock data for different geographical aggregations and can serve as a means of generating early warning signals of a health problem. This approach can be adapted to other types of animal health data that share similar hierarchical structures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento Valle del Cauca, Municipios Tuluá, Palmira, Buga y Santiago de Cali.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia Departamento Valle del Cauca, Municipios Tuluá, Palmira, Buga y Santiago de Cali.Este documento se realiza con el fin de analizar y valorar eventos psicosociales traumáticos desde una perspectiva psicológica basados en los casos del libro “Voces: historias de violencia y esperanza en Colombia”. Principalmente se trata de tomar el enfoque narrativo desde el campo de la psicología como una mirada terapéutica y psicosocial de la violencia sistémica. Así pues habrá un acercamiento hacia los relatos para el abordaje de subjetividades inmersas en contextos de violencia pues se evidencia que los efectos sobre la salud mental no tienen que ver únicamente con las emociones que presentan las personas como consecuencia de los hechos de violencia y conflicto armado, sino que estos deben ser vistos desde todos los puntos de vista incluyendo los aspectos ambientales, económicos, políticos, sociales y culturales , producidos como principal consecuencia del conflicto armado; es decir, con un enfoque psicosocial.[1]. Se observa en la historia de Edison Medina, que fue víctima de un conflicto armado, donde vemos que dejó atrás el miedo y tuvo valor para triunfar a pesar de las adversidades, esta historia y experiencia pusieron todo su esfuerzo para superar estos episodios de dolor. Provocando en Edison la admiración, el coraje por haber enfrentado tantas adversidades y salir adelante, donde el amor por sus seres queridos le da una gran fuerza para tomar una buena decisión ante las dificultades vividas de la violencia, transformando su vida y su entorno. Ahora con el caso Edison Medina se realizará un análisis a partir de preguntas orientadoras resaltando los esfuerzos personales, familiares, colectivos y comunitarios que en él se movilizan para romper ciclos de violencia e injusticia. Con ello se construirán construirá tres preguntas estratégicas, tres circulares, tres reflexivas. Con el fin de ampliar la reflexión sobre el abordaje psicosocial del caso. Finalmente Respecto al caso de la población de Pandurí se contestaran unas preguntas desde el ámbito psicosocial para ahondar en la manera como estas personas sufrieron, vivieron, y saldrán delante del trauma ocasionado por la violencia. Palabras Clave: Violencia, Psicosocial, Desplazamiento forzado, Conflicto armado.This document is made with the purpose of analyzing and evaluating traumatic psychosocial events from a psychological perspective based on the cases of the book "Voices: stories of violence and hope in Colombia". It is mainly about taking the narrative approach from the field of psychology as a therapeutic and psychosocial view of systemic violence. So there will be an approach to the stories to address subjectivities immersed in contexts of violence because it is evident that the effects on mental health have nothing to do only with the emotions that people present as a result of acts of violence and armed conflict , but these must be seen from all points of view including the environmental, economic, political, social and cultural aspects, produced as the main consequence of the armed conflict; that is, with a psychosocial approach. [1]. It is observed in the story of Edison Medina, who was the victim of an armed conflict, where we see that he left fear behind and had the courage to succeed despite the adversities, this history and experience put all their effort to overcome these episodes of pain. Provoking in Edison the admiration, the courage for having faced so many adversities and getting ahead, where the love for his loved ones gives him a great strength to make a good decision before the lived difficulties of violence, transforming his life and his environment. Now with the Edison Medina case, an analysis will be carried out based on guiding questions, highlighting the personal, family, collective and community efforts that are mobilized in it to break cycles of violence and injustice. This will be built to build three strategic questions, three circular, three reflective. In order to broaden the reflection on the psychosocial approach of the case. Finally Regarding the case of the population of Panduri, some questions will be answered from the psychosocial field to delve into the way in which these people suffered, lived, and will come out of the trauma caused by the violence. Key Words: Violence, Psychosocial, Forced Displacement, Armed Conflict

Estrategias metodológicas que aplican los docentes de primer ciclo de educación básica para el desarrollo de la lectura y escritura en la asignatura de lenguaje y literatura, en los centros escolares: Cantón Los Puentecitos; Caserío Morro Grande, Cantón El Zarzal y Centro Escolar de Guaymango

En El Salvador, a partir del 2008, las estrategias metodológicas en la planificación del currículo, por parte del docente, han cobrado mayor importancia debido a los nuevos programas de estudio que se hacen acompañar de guías metodológicas. Estas incluyen una serie de pasos o actividades secuenciadas que motivan a los docentes al uso de estrategias innovadoras, que le facilitan al estudiante el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaj