APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DE AVALIAÇÃO CONTINGENTE (MAC) PARA A ESTIMATIVA DO VALOR DE USO DA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA FAZENDINHA - APAFAZ, MACAPÁ – AP, AMAZÔNIA - BR

O objetivo do trabalho é estimar o valor de uso da Unidade de Conservação (UC) da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Fazendinha (APAFAZ) considerando suas funções naturais e socioambientais. Para tanto foi aplicado o Método de Avaliação Contingente (MAC) fundamentado em um survey composto de variáveis atitudinais independentes. A base do método é a valoração de bens públicos, que por não possuírem preço de mercado, são estimados por intermédio de mercados hipotéticos. Os resultados indicam que, no caso da disposição a pagar (DAP) espontânea, 32,9% dos usuários sinalizaram com um valor médio de R$11,02/mês, correspondendo a um montante de R$ 634.752,00/ano. Contudo, a DAP induzida, originada de um “cenário hipotético induzido”, exclusivamente daqueles que se negaram à DAP espontânea, 76% sinalizaram com um valor médio de R$22,30/mês, com montante correspondente de R$ 1.284.480,00/ano. Concluiu-se que a determinação da estimativa de um valor monetário de referência é básico à formulação de políticas públicas de proteção e uso da APAFAZ. Outro aspecto relevante é a estimativa de um valor de mercado disponibilizado aos gestores para utilizá-lo como parâmetro econométrico de apoio à sua sustentabilidade gerencial e financeira

REVISÃO DESCRITIVA SOBRE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA, PARÂMETROS E MODELAGEM DE ECOSSISTEMAS AQUÁTICOS TROPICAIS.

The research is a descriptive review on water quality in rivers, dam reservoirs and the main physical, chemical and biological processes that affect their ecosystems. The objective was to describe an overview of the new trends of research on the topic, highlighting the effects of dams in the Amazon. The main gradients physical, chemical and biological processes that influence the balance of these ecosystems in watersheds and their interaction with climate and hydrology were investigated based on the literature of the area. Case studies were considered for the river basin Araguari - Amapá / Brazil. The methodology consisted of a description, importance, advantages, limitations, and critical analysis on the use of water quality models to support decision making for conservation of aquatic ecosystems from two perspectives: land use of the basin and climatic influence. The river basin Araguari was used as the reference analysis to other regions of the Amazon. Over the last 10 years of study, it was concluded that the Araguari exhibits strong resilience to environmental impacts despite the current use and land cover in the basin. However, some indicators of water quality parameters in significant portions of its middle and lower courses, suggest that anthropogenic or "natural" effects are already close to the legal limits in the short and medium term, mainly due to the accumulation of negative impacts that tend to unbalance its resilience.Keywords: aquatic ecosystems; water quality modeling; environmental impacts; dam; land use.A investigação trata de uma revisão descritiva sobre qualidade da água em rios e reservatórios de barragem bem como os principais processos físicos, químicos e biológicos que afetam seus ecossistemas. O objetivo foi descrever um panorama geral sobre as novas tendências de investigações sobre o tema, com destaque aos efeitos de barragens na Amazônia. Foram investigados na literatura os principais gradientes físicos, químicos e biológicos que influenciam o equilíbrio desses ecossistemas em bacias e sua interação com o clima e a hidrologia. Estudos de caso foram considerados para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguari - Amapá/Brasil. A metodologia consistiu na descrição, importância, vantagens, limitações e análise crítica sobre o uso de modelos da qualidade da água como suporte à tomada de decisão na conservação de ecossistemas aquáticos sob duas perspectivas: uso do solo da bacia e influência climática. A bacia do rio Aragauari foi utilizada como referência de análise para outras regiões da Amazônia. Ao longo dos últimos 10 anos de estudo, concluiu-se que o rio Araguari apresenta forte resiliência a impactos ambientais apesar do atual uso e ocupação do solo na bacia. Entretanto, alguns indicadores da qualidade da água, em trechos significativos do seu médio e baixo cursos, sugerem que efeitos antropogênicos ou "naturais" já se encontram próximos dos limites legais no horizonte de curto e médio prazos, principalmente devido ao acúmulo de impactos negativos que tendem a desequilibrar sua capacidade de resiliência.Palavras-chave: ecossistemas aquáticos, modelos de qualidade da água, impactos ambientais, barragem, uso do solo

Approaches to Evaluation of Self-Purification in Estuarine Rivers of Souhteast of Amapá State - Brazil

There are a number of reasons that make Amazon estuary an important natural water resource. First, it is biologically productive being the spawning and nursery ground for many important aquatic biota. Second, it serves as receiving waters for wastewater discharges and for navigation use. Third, it has been demonstrating its elevated dilution and self-purification capacity for constituents of the water, principally bacteria, toxic substances, organic material and nutrients. Many cities and small ports of the State of the Amapá located on estuaries and coastal zones are ready affecting their quality through runoff, domestic and industrial wastewater. So, the present research evaluated the water quality in four rivers located close to the periurban areas of Macapá and Santana and rural area of Mazagão municipality. The main objective is to diagnostic the spatial-temporal distribution of some variables and parameters of the water quality, considering important factors as atrophic, hydrologic and climatologic effects in streams sanitation

A Novel Approach to the Measurement of Bourdieusian Social Capital within Institutional Pages and Profiles

We present in this paper a novel approach for measuring Bourdieusian Social Capital (BSC) within  Institutional Pages and Profiles. We analyse Facebook's Institutional Pages and Twitter's Institutional Profiles. Supported by Pierre Bourdie's theory, we search for directions to identify and capture data related to sociability practices, i. e. actions performed such as Like, Comment and Share. The system of symbolic exchanges and mutual recognition treated by Pierre Bourdieu is represented and extracted automatically from these data in the form of generalized sequential patterns. In this format, the social interactions captured from each page are represented as sequences of actions. Next, we also use such data to measure the frequency of occurrence of each sequence. From such frequencies, we compute the effective mobilization capacity. Finally, the volume of BSC is computed based on the capacity of effective mobilization, the number of social interactions captured and the number of followers on each page. The results are aligned with Bourdieu's theory. The approach can be generalized to institutional pages or profiles in Online Social Networks

Diabetes mellitus remission in a cat with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism after trilostane treatment

Case summary An 8-year-old male neutered Persian cat was presented with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and muscle weakness associated with a 7 month history of diabetes mellitus (DM). The cat had initially been treated with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin 2 U q12h, followed by porcine lente insulin 2 U q12h and, most recently, 3 U glargine insulin q12h, without improvement of clinical signs. The cat also suffered from concurrent symmetrical bilateral alopecia of thorax and forelimbs, abdominal distension and lethargy. Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), specifically pituitary-dependent HAC, was suspected and confirmed through abdominal ultrasonography demonstrating bilateral adrenal enlargement, and a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test using 0.1 mg/kg dexamethasone intravenously. Trilostane treatment (initially 10 mg/cat PO q24h then increased to 10 mg/cat PO q12h) was started and insulin sensitivity gradually improved, ultimately leading to diabetic remission after an increased in trilostane dose to 13mg/cat PO q12h, 14 months after the DM diagnosis and 7 months after the initiation of trilostane therapy. Relevance and novel information DM in cats with HAC is a difficult combination of diseases to treat. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of diabetic remission in a feline patient with HAC as a result of treatment with trilostane. Further work should focus on whether fine-tuning of trilostane-treatment protocols in cats with concurrent DM and HAC could lead to a higher proportion of diabetic remissions in this patient group