The Rich Globular Cluster System of Abell 1689 and the Radial Dependence of the Globular Cluster Formation Efficiency

We study the rich globular cluster (GC) system in the center of the massive cluster of galaxies Abell 1689 (z=0.18), one of the most powerful gravitational lenses known. With 28 HST/ACS orbits in the F814W bandpass, we reach magnitude I_814=29 with >90% completeness and sample the brightest ~5% of the GC system. Assuming the well-known Gaussian form of the GC luminosity function (GCLF), we estimate a total population of N(GC_total) = 162,850 GCs within a projected radius of 400kpc. As many as half may comprise an intracluster component. Even with the sizable uncertainties, which mainly result from the uncertain GCLF parameters, this is by far the largest GC system studied to date. The specific frequency S_N is high, but not uncommon for central galaxies in massive clusters, rising from S_N~5 near the center to ~12 at large radii. Passive galaxy fading would increase S_N by ~20% at z=0. We construct the radial mass profiles of the GCs, stars, intracluster gas, and lensing-derived total mass, and we compare the mass fractions as a function of radius. The estimated mass in GCs, M(GC_total)=3.9x10^10 Msun, is comparable to ~80% of the total stellar mass of the Milky Way. The shape of the GC mass profile appears intermediate between those of the stellar light and total cluster mass. Despite the extreme nature of this system, the ratios of the GC mass to the baryonic and total masses, and thus the GC formation efficiency, are typical of those in other rich clusters when comparing at the same physical radii. The GC formation efficiency is not constant, but varies with radius, in a manner that appears similar for different clusters; we speculate on the reasons for this similarity in profile.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication in Ap

Electronic cigarette: a possible substitute for cigarette dependence.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality in western countries and it is important for smokers to stop as early as possible. Electronic cigarettes are a popular phenomenon of global proportion. Recent uncontrolled studies, reported that a certain number of smokers have quit using electronic cigarettes. This could hint a role for electronic cigarettes to be used for smoking cessation, and therefore merits further evaluation for this purpose. Besides vaporising nicotine to be inhaled, electronic cigarettes may also provide a coping mechanism for conditioned smoking cues by replacing some of the rituals associated with smoking gestures, and for these reasons cigarette could become a tool – if studied more extensively – in the fight against tobacco-related morbidity and mortality

Reclamaciones de pacientes en el servicio de emergencia adultos de un hospital de tercer nivel de atención: Patient complaints in the adult emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital

Introduction: The critical condition of the patient who presents to an emergency department creates a need to provide timely, safe and warm care. Failing to meet these expectations causes patient dissatisfaction, reflected by complaints, which are mostly justified and lead to opportunities for improvement and corrective measures. Objective: To analyze complaints presented by patients and their relatives at the Adult Emergency Department of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital. Methods: Nonexperimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Our sample was comprised of 109 complaints between May and November 2019. We used a data collection sheet based on the information in the complaints book for health care services. Results: We identified 187 reasons for complaints. Our results show that direct relatives filed 47.7%; 43% involved Internal Medicine consultations. In the dimension “inadequate treatment by healthcare workers,” 13.9% of patients complained about impolite and rude treatment. In the dimension “delay in care”, 12.8% were discontent due to the lack of timely care. In the dimension “user disagreement with care or treatment received,” 10.2% were dissatisfied with the care they were provided. 60.6% of complaints were satisfactorily resolved within the period specified by current regulations. Conclusion: Most complaints were related to the direct care of the patient.Introducción: La condición crítica del paciente que acude a emergencia genera la necesidad de otorgar una atención oportuna, segura y cálida. No cubrir estas expectativas desencadena en la insatisfacción del paciente, reflejada mediante reclamaciones, las cuales en su mayoría resultan justificadas, generando oportunidades de mejora y medidas correctivas. Objetivo: Analizar las reclamaciones presentadas por el paciente y sus familiares en el servicio de emergencia adultos del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Métodos: Diseño no experimental, descriptivo, de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 109 reclamaciones durante el periodo comprendido de mayo a noviembre 2019. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos con la información del Libro de Reclamaciones en Salud. Resultados: Se identificaron 187 motivos de reclamaciones. Los resultados mostraron que 47,7% fueron presentadas por familiares directos y que 43% correspondieron al área de medicina interna. En la dimensión inadecuado trato por parte del personal asistencial, 13,9% de pacientes mostraron disconformidad frente al trato descortés y grosero; en la dimensión demora en la atención, 12,8% manifestaron encontrarse descontentos por la falta de atención oportuna y, en la dimensión desacuerdo del usuario con la atención o tratamiento recibido, 10,2% quedaron insatisfechos con la atención recibida. 60,6% de reclamaciones se resolvieron satisfactoriamente dentro del plazo exigido en la norma. Conclusión: La mayor cantidad de reclamaciones correspondieron al tipo prestacional, asociadas a la atención directa del paciente

Instrumento para la evaluación del climaterio y la menopausia en el primer nivel de atención: Instrument for the evaluation of climacteric and menopause in the first level of care

Introduction:The middle-aged female population will increase in the coming years and will require more medical care to relieve climacteric symptoms Objective: To validate an instrument for evaluating climacteric and menopause in primary care Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, instrument-validation study. The sample was composed of women attending primary care centers. Our research consisted of three stages: initial review (literature review, translation), validation (content validity, pilot study) and psychometric properties (internal consistency and confirmatory factorial analysis). We analyzed the data using SPSS version 20. Results: 136 patients participated, with an average age of 48,6 years ± 5,3 and an average body mass index of 27,8 kg/m2 ± 4,4. In the first stage, we identified the most relevant symptoms: menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, vaginal problems, urinary incontinence, quality of sleep, and mood issues. The instrument was then translated by four professionals. For the second stage, we assessed content validity by expert judgment, obtaining an internal consistency of 0,77 and an initial reliability of 0,79. In the third stage, internal consistency was 0,69 and confirmatory factorial analysis was 0,7. The instrument consists of six questions; obtaining four or more positive answers warrants specialized care. Conclusion: We present a short instrument with adequate content validity and internal consistency, useful for managing climacteric symptoms at the primary care level.Introducción: La población de mujeres de mediana edad se incrementará en los próximos años y requerirá una mayor atención para aliviar los síntomas relacionados de atención con el climaterio. Objetivo: Validar un instrumento para la evaluación del climaterio y la menopausia en el primer nivel de atención. Métodos: Diseño de validación de instrumento, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Participaron mujeres que fueron atendidas en establecimientos de salud del primer nivel de atención. La investigación se realizó en tres fases, revisión inicial (revisión de literatura, traducción), ensayo (validez de contenido, prueba piloto) y propiedades psicométricas (análisis de consistencia interna, análisis factorial exploratorio). Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 20. Resultados: Participaron 136 pacientes con una edad promedio de 48,6 años ± 5,3 y un promedio de índice de masa corporal 27,8 ± 4,4. En la primera fase se identificaron los síntomas más relevantes, irregularidades menstruales, sofocos, problemas vaginales, incontinencia urinaria, calidad de sueño y estado de ánimo. Se procedió a la traducción con la participación de cuatro profesionales. La segunda fase, de validez del contenido, fue mediante juicio de expertos, obteniendo una concordancia de 0,77 y una confiabilidad inicial 0,79. En la tercera fase, la consistencia interna fue 0,69 y 0,70 para análisis factorial exploratorio. El instrumento contiene seis preguntas, la obtención de ≥ 4 respuestas afirmativas justifican un manejo especializado. Conclusión: El instrumento es breve, tiene una adecuada validez de contenido y consistencia interna, útil para el manejo del climaterio en el primer nivel de atención

МУЗЕЇ ДНІПРОПЕТРОВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ

Розглянуто діяльність музеїв, участь їх у краєзнавчому русі, кількісні та якісні показники розвитку музейної галузі Дніпропетровської області на сучасному етапіAuthors have examined museum activities, their role in the movement of local lore, quantitative and qualitative indices of museum development in the Dniepropetrovsk region at present stage

Biomarkers of Host Response Predict Primary End-Point Radiological Pneumonia in Tanzanian Children with Clinical Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing pediatric pneumonia is challenging in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined primary end-point radiological pneumonia for use in epidemiological and vaccine studies. However, radiography requires expertise and is often inaccessible. We hypothesized that plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation may be useful surrogates for end-point pneumonia, and may provide insight into its biological significance. METHODS: We studied children with WHO-defined clinical pneumonia (n = 155) within a prospective cohort of 1,005 consecutive febrile children presenting to Tanzanian outpatient clinics. Based on x-ray findings, participants were categorized as primary end-point pneumonia (n = 30), other infiltrates (n = 31), or normal chest x-ray (n = 94). Plasma levels of 7 host response biomarkers at presentation were measured by ELISA. Associations between biomarker levels and radiological findings were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariable logistic regression. Biomarker ability to predict radiological findings was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Classification and Regression Tree analysis. RESULTS: Compared to children with normal x-ray, children with end-point pneumonia had significantly higher C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and Chitinase 3-like-1, while those with other infiltrates had elevated procalcitonin and von Willebrand Factor and decreased soluble Tie-2 and endoglin. Clinical variables were not predictive of radiological findings. Classification and Regression Tree analysis generated multi-marker models with improved performance over single markers for discriminating between groups. A model based on C-reactive protein and Chitinase 3-like-1 discriminated between end-point pneumonia and non-end-point pneumonia with 93.3% sensitivity (95% confidence interval 76.5-98.8), 80.8% specificity (72.6-87.1), positive likelihood ratio 4.9 (3.4-7.1), negative likelihood ratio 0.083 (0.022-0.32), and misclassification rate 0.20 (standard error 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: In Tanzanian children with WHO-defined clinical pneumonia, combinations of host biomarkers distinguished between end-point pneumonia, other infiltrates, and normal chest x-ray, whereas clinical variables did not. These findings generate pathophysiological hypotheses and may have potential research and clinical utility

Relación óptima de metionina+cistina/lisina digestibles en gallinas isa Brown de 34 a 42 semanas de edad.

Los trabajos previos en los que se han estudiado las recomendaciones de metionina+cistina para gallinas ponedoras son muy numerosos, pero los resultados obtenidos presentan una gran variabilidad y, en algunos casos, son contradictorios. Esta variabilidad se explica por las condiciones en las que se ha realizado el estudio, la edad de las gallinas, la genética y el parámetro a optimizar. En este sentido, Novak et al. (2004) observaron que las necesidades totales de metionina+cistina eran mayores para maximizar el peso del huevo que para optimizar la producción de huevos o la eficacia alimenticia. Estas diferencias fueron menos importantes entre las 20 y 43 semanas (8%), que de las 44 a las 63 semanas de edad (16%). Además, las recomendaciones para optimizar la producción y el peso del huevo fueron un 17% y 11% mayores, respectivamente, en el primer periodo con respecto al segundo. Por el contrario, Waldroup y Hellwig (1995) encontraron que las necesidades totales de metionina+cistina para optimizar la producción y masa de huevo fueron más elevadas (12 y 10%, respectivamente) de 51 a 71 semanas de edad que de 25 a 45. Cuando las recomendaciones se expresan en unidades digestibles, el rango de necesidades de metionina+cistina digestibles con respecto a lisina digestible varía desde un 81 a un 107% (81%: Coon and Zhang, 1999; 90%: FEDNA, 2008; 91%: Rostagno et al., 2005; 93%: CVB, 1996; 94%: Bregendahl et al., 2008; 99%: Brumano et al., 2010a; 100%: Cupertino et al., 2009; Brumano et al., 2010a; 101%: Brumano et al., 2010b; 107%: Schmidt et al., 2009). Como consecuencia de esta alta variabilidad, es necesario seguir investigando sobre cuál sería el ratio óptimo metionina+cistina/lisina digestible para optimizar los rendimientos de gallinas ponedoras. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las necesidades óptimas de metionina+cistina digestibles con respecto a lisina digestible de gallinas Isa Brown desde las 34 a las 42 semanas de eda

Effects of climate variation on bird escape distances modulate community responses to global change

Warm thanks to Jacqui Sykoff for substantially improving the readability of former versions of the manuscript. GM was supported by the Hungarian Ministry for Innovation and Technology within the framework of the Thematic Excellence Programme 2020 (TKP2020-IKA-12, TKP2020-NKA-16).. KT was supported by institutional research funding IUT (34-8) of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research. This paper is a contribution to the project URBILAND (PID2019-107423GA-I00/SRA 1013039/501100011033), funded by the Spanish Research Agency.Climate and land use are rapidly changing environmental conditions. Behavioral responses to such global perturbations can be used to incorporate interspecific interactions into predictive models of population responses to global change. Flight initiation distance (FID) reflects antipredator behaviour defined as the distance at which an individual takes flight when approached by a human, under standardized conditions. This behavioural trait results from a balance between disturbance, predation risk, food availability and physiological needs, and it is related to geographical range and population trends in European birds. Using 32,145 records of flight initiation distances for 229 bird species during 2006-2019 in 24 European localities, we show that FIDs decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation, as expected if foraging success decreased under warm and humid conditions. Trends were further altered by latitude, urbanisation and body mass, as expected if climate effects on FIDs were mediated by food abundance and need, differing according to position in food webs, supporting foraging models. This provides evidence for a role of behavioural responses within food webs on how bird populations and communities are affected by global change.Hungarian Ministry for Innovation and Technology TKP2020-IKA-12 TKP2020-NKA-16Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia 34-8Spanish Research Agency PID2019-107423GA-I00/SRA 1013039/50110001103

Unveiling a Rich System of Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the Next Generation Fornax Survey

We report the discovery of 158 previously undetected dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster central regions using a deep coadded $u, g$ and $i$-band image obtained with the DECam wide-field camera mounted on the 4-meter Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory as part of the {\it Next Generation Fornax Survey} (NGFS). The new dwarf galaxies have quasi-exponential light profiles, effective radii $0.1\!<\!r_e\!<\!2.8$ kpc and average effective surface brightness values $22.0\!<\!\mu_i\!<\!28.0$ mag arcsec$^{-2}$. We confirm the existence of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Fornax core regions that resemble counterparts recently discovered in the Virgo and Coma galaxy clusters.~We also find extremely low surface brightness NGFS dwarfs, which are several magnitudes fainter than the classical UDGs. The faintest dwarf candidate in our NGFS sample has an absolute magnitude of $M_i\!=\!-8.0$\,mag. The nucleation fraction of the NGFS dwarf galaxy sample appears to decrease as a function of their total luminosity, reaching from a nucleation fraction of $>\!75\%$ at luminosities brighter than $M_i\!\simeq\!-15.0$ mag to $0\%$ at luminosities fainter than $M_i\!\simeq\!-10.0$ mag. The two-point correlation function analysis of the NGFS dwarf sample shows an excess on length scales below $\sim\!100$ kpc, pointing to the clustering of dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster core.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Download the high-resolution version of the paper from the following link: https://www.dropbox.com/s/xb9vz8s29wlzjgf/ms.pdf?dl=