دور مدارس القرآن الكريم في تعزيز التعليم وريادة الأعمال بسلطنة عمان The role of Holy Quran schools in promoting education and entrepreneurship in the Sultanate of Oman

أنزل الله عزوجل القرآن الكريم؛ حتى يكون هداية للبشرية أجمعين، وجعله المصدر الأول لتعاليم الشرع، وبين فيه كل ما يضبط حياة الإنسان روحيا وجسديا ومعنويا،ً وكتب الأجر العظيم لكل من قرأه وعمل به، ومن جعله منهاج حياته نال سعادةُ الدارين، وتكفل الله عز وجل بحفظه إلى يوم الدين، وتقام به أعظم أركان الإسلام وهو الصلاة، فكانت العناية بكتاب الله العظيم منذ عهد نزوله، وذلك بتلاوته حق تلاوته، وتعلمه وتعليمه بأساليب وطرق متنوعة، وتطورت أسالي ب تعليم القرآن جيلاً بعد جيل، فبدأت بحلقات التلاوة في المساجد والبيوت في عهد النبوة والصحابة رضوان الله عليهم، ثم أنشأت بعد ذلك مدارس تعليم القرآن الكريم، وهذه المدارس في وقتنا الحاضر تأخذ أشكالاً متعددةً منها في المساجد، ومنها ف ي مؤسسات مستقلة كمدرسة خاصة لتعليم القرآن الكريم، ومنها في الجمعيات الأهلية التي تأسست بهدف تعليم كتاب الله عز و جل، ومنها في المواقع الكترونية المتخصصة في تعليم إتقان وتجويد تلاوة القرآن الكريم حق تلاوة، وتحفيظه، ومدراس القرآن الكريم في الوقت السالف والحاضر لها دورها الرائد في تربية الأجيال وصقل قدراتهم على النطق الصحيح باللغة العربية الفصحى، وإتقان وتجويد قراءة كل حرف من حروفه، فالقرآن الكريم جاء لربي أمة، وينشئ مجتمعا ويقيم نظاما،ً ويبني الحضارات والأمم بقيمها الراسخة، فهو نور الهداية في الأرض، وهو طريقٌ إلى دار السعادة الأبدية، وهو طمأنينة للنفس وراحة للقلب، ولذا سوف يتناول هذا البحث دور مدارس القرآن الكريم ومن في حكمها في تعزيز التعليم العام وآثارها المتعددة في ريادة الأعمال على الفرد والمجتمع، ويتم ذلك من خلال ذكر بعض النماذج من مدارس القرآن الكريم في المجتمع العماني، والجمعيات الأهلية والرسمية، وخلصت الدراسة إلى نتائج من أهمها: أن لمدارس القرآن الكريم دوراً عظيما في جانب ريادة التعليم وتق د م المجتمعات والحضارات، فالتربية القرآنية تنتج أجيالاً تتسم بأخلاق عالية وقيم إسلامية راسخة تعود أثرها على المجتمعات تقدما ورقيا في جميع المجالات سواء كانت تعليمية أو اقتصادية أو حضارية

The effect of cross-contamination in the sequential interfacial polymerization on the RO performance of polyamide bilayer membranes

International audienceIn this study, hexafluoroalcohol-containing polyamide layer (HFAPA) was prepared on top of a conventional polyamide under-layer (REFPA) via sequential interfacial polymerization (SIP) to improve RO separation behavior, and the performance of the resulting bilayer membrane was thoroughly optimized by investigating the effect of cross-contamination in the SIP process. When several coupons of the polyamide bilayer membrane were prepared by SIP of MPD(aq), TMC(hx) and hexafluoroalcohol-containing diamine (HFAMDA)(aq) in the manner of subsequent membrane dipping, unreacted MPD monomer (mostly captured in the porous PSF support) carried over from the 1st interfacial reaction dissolved and accumulated in the 2nd aqueous solution as verified by UV spectroscopic analysis. The MPD contaminant then participated in the 2nd interfacial reaction, forming copolyamide with HFAMDA monomer onto the REFPA. Depending on the amount of MPD contaminant accumulated in the 2nd aqueous solution, the composition of the resulting co-polyamide in the top-layer varied, causing a significant variation of RO performance; the flux was gradually decreased with the increase of MPD contaminants while the salt rejection slightly increased (from 1st coupon toward 4th coupon). This result indicated that a trace amount of MPD contaminant may be necessary to maximize RO separation behavior. Through in-depth performance evaluation of polyamide bilayer membranes prepared by adding various known-amount of MPD into 2nd HFAMDA solution, and also by applying a frame process (2nd amine solution was applied only top surface of membrane) to eliminate uncontrollable MPD contamination, we have successfully demonstrated consistent RO performance, and identified an optimum material composition to provide superior separation performance. The bilayer membrane prepared by adding 1.2 mol% of MPD to the total amount of HFAMDA in the 2nd aqueous solution showed 99.8% NaCl rejection with the water flux of 45 LMH under the cross-flow filtration performed with 2000 ppm NaCl solution at 400 psi, 25 °C

دلالات أصوات أحكام التجويد وأثرها في فهم المبهم والمشكل من القرآن = The connotations of the sounds of the rules of Tajweed and its impact on understanding the enigmatic and equivocal from the Qur'an

تحدى الله بكتابه العظيم أبلغ فصحاء العرب، فعجزوا أن يأتوا بسورة من مثله، وذُهِلت عقولهم بحروفه وكلمه، وعندما سمع بعضهم آيات القرآن الكريم أصابه الدهش الشديد، وأيقن أغلبهم في نهاية المطاف أنه ليس بكلام بشر. الأمر الذي دعا فئة العلماء المتخصصة في دراسات القرآن إلى التأمل في معانيه وبناء ألفاظه والوقوف على فواصله ومقاطعه وسكناته وحركاته ومداته وغناته تأملاً وتدبراً وتفقهاً وتبصراً وتذكراً، ومن أعظم علامات الإعجاز لهذا الكتاب العظيم هو عجز العلماء المستمر عن تفسير بعض ألفاظه وآياته تفسيراً متفقاً عليه، فوقفوا عند بعضها بسبب إيهام التعارض والتناقض في تفسير لفظة من ألفاظه والتي تحتمل أكثر من معنى، فخفي عليهم دلالة تلك اللفظة. نتيجة لذلك، ألّفوا علماً مستقلاً وسموه مشكل القرآن، وهو العلم الذي يقوم على تتبع الألفاظ المبهمة الخفية المعنى، وتوضيحها قدر الإمان، وبيان ما تحمل من أحكام ودلالات ومقاصد، ولهذا تم وضع الأسس والقواعد والضوابط والمناهج في التعامل مع مشكل القرآن الكريم، ومن هنا جاءت فكرة البحث حول مدى أثر قراءة القرآن الكريم بأحكام التجويد في حلّ ووضوح بعض إشكال الألفاظ القرآنية، ولهذا كان من الأليق لطبيعة هذا البحث استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي للوصول إلى أهم النتائج، ومن أهمها: أن لكل لفظة من ألفاظ القرآن دلالات خاصة تبعاً لأصوات التجويد التي تتحكم في مخارج حروفها، وكان ذلك من الأسس والمناهج التي استعان بها العلماء في حل مشكل بعض ألفاظ القرآن الكريم. ***************************************************************************************** God Almighty challengedthe well-acknowledgedArabs to come up with a book comparabletoAl-Quran, they were incapableto originatea manuscriptsimilar toit, and their minds were startledby itsletters and words, and when some of them heard the words of God, they were flabbergasted, and realized that it was not human words. Which called the group of scholars specializing in Qur’anicstudies to ruminateon its meanings, and how its words were fashioned. One of the grandest signs of miracle of this great book is the unceasing malfunction of intellectuals to decode some of its words and verses in an agreed manner, and they meditatedsome verses that appear to contradict one anotherand carries more than one meaning. Consequently, they could not divulgethe meanings and connotations of those terms. As a result, they authored an independent discipline and called it the equivocal science of the Qur’an. That is why the guidelines, procedures, and curricula were authored to deal precisely with this science. Hence,the idea of this research erects to discuss the effect of reading the Holy Qur’an with the rules of intonation to solve some enigmatic Quranic words. However, it was appropriate for the nature of this research to use the inductive and analytical method to reach the most important results. Among the most important results is the following: Every word of the Qur’an has special meanings according to the sounds of intonation that control the articulation of its letters, this was one of the methods used by Muslim scholars to solve the problem of some words of the Holy Qur’an

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Photocatalytic degradation in saline water and characterisation of humic acids

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background: Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods: This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was coprioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low-middle-income countries. Results: In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of 'single-use' consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low-middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion: This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high- and low-middle-income countries