5 research outputs found

    First measurement of the 14N/15N ratio in the analogue of the Sun progenitor OMC-2 FIR4

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    We present a complete census of the 14N/15N isotopic ratio in the most abundant N-bearing molecules towards the cold envelope of the protocluster OMC-2 FIR4, the best known Sun progenitor. To this scope, we analysed the unbiased spectral survey obtained with the IRAM-30m telescope at 3mm, 2mm and 1mm. We detected several lines of CN, HCN, HNC, HC3N, N2H+, and their respective 13C and 15N isotopologues. The lines relative fluxes are compatible with LTE conditions and moderate line opacities have been corrected via a Population Diagram method or theoretical relative intensity ratios of the hyperfine structures. The five species lead to very similar 14N/15N isotopic ratios, without any systematic difference between amine and nitrile bearing species as previously found in other protostellar sources. The weighted average of the 14N/15N isotopic ratio is 270 +/- 30. This 14N/15N value is remarkably consistent with the [250-350] range measured for the local galactic ratio but significantly differs from the ratio measured in comets (around 140). High-angular resolution observations are needed to examine whether this discrepancy is maintained at smaller scales. In addition, using the CN, HCN and HC3N lines, we derived a 12C/13C isotopic ratio of 50 +/- 5.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ ; 19 pages, 5 tables, 12 figure

    Molécules organiques complexes dans les régions formant des étoiles de type solaire

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    The present PhD thesis goal is the study of the molecular complexity in solar-type star forming regions. It specifically focuses on two classes of molecules with a prebiotic value, the complex organic molecules and the cyanopolyynes. At this scope, I analyzed data from single-dish spectral surveys by means of LTE or/and non-LTE radiative transfer codes in two sources, a solar-type protostar in an isolated and quiet environment(IRAS16293-2422) and a proto-cluster of solar-type protostars (OMC-2 FIR4). The ultimate goal is to find similarities and differences between these two cases.I used data from two spectra surveys: TIMASSS (The IRAS16293-2422 Millimeter And Submillimeter Spectral Survey), which has been carried out in 2011 (Caux et al. 2011), and ASAI (Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM), which has been carried out in 2013-2015 (e.g. Lopez-Sepulcre et al. 2015). I extracted the lines (identification and integrated intensity) by means of the publicly available package CASSIS (Centre dAnalyse Scientifique de Spectres Infrarouges et Submillimtriques). Finally, I used the package GRAPES (GRenoble Analysis of Protostellar Envelope Spectra), which Ihelped to develop, to model the Spectral Line Energy Distribution (SLED) of the detected molecules, and to estimate their abundance across the envelope and hot corino of IRAS16293-2422 and OMC-2 FIR4, respectively.The major results of the thesis are:1. The first full census of complex organic molecules (COMs) in IRAS16293-2422;2. The first detection of COMs in the cold envelope of a solar-type protostar (IRAS16293-2422), supporting the idea that a relatively efficient formation mechanism for the detected COMs must exist in the cold gas phase;3. The discovery of a tight correlation between the dimethyl ether (DME) and methyl format (MF), suggesting a mother-daughter or sisters relationship;4. The detection of formamide, a species with a high pre-biotic value, in several protostars, including IRAS16293-2422 and OMC-2 FIR4;5. The full census of the cyanopolyynes in IRAS16293-2422 and OMC-2 FIR4, with the detection of HC3N and HC5N, DC3N and, for OMC-2 FIR4, the 13C isotopologue of HC3N cyanopolyynes. Please note that the work on OMC-2 FIR4 is still on-going.These results are the focus of two published articles (Jaber et al. 2014, ApJ; Lopez-Sepulcre, Jaber et al. 2015, MNRAS), one accepted article (Jaber et al., A&A) and a final article to be submitted (Jaber et al., A&A).Le but de cette thĂšse est l’étude de la complexitĂ© molĂ©culaire dans les rĂ©gions de formation stellaire. Cette thĂšse est centrĂ©e sur deux classes de molĂ©cules importantes pour la chimie prĂ©biotique : les molĂ©cules organiques complexes et les cyanopolyynes.Pour ce faire, j’ai analysĂ© les Ă©missions molĂ©culaires, dans le domaine radio millimĂ©trique, de deux sources : une proto-Ă©toile de type solaire, situĂ©e dans un environnement calme (IRAS 16293-2422) et une proto-Ă©toile de type solaire (OMC2-FIR4), situĂ©e, elle, dans un proto-amas. Outre l’intĂ©rĂȘt intrinsĂšque de l’étude de IRAS16293-2422, considĂ©rĂ©e comme le prototype des proto-Ă©toiles de type solaire, l’objectif de mon travail Ă©tait la recherche de similaritĂ©s et de diffĂ©rences entre ces deux objets.Pour ce faire, j’ai utilisĂ© les donnĂ©es issues de deux grands relevĂ©s spectraux rĂ©alisĂ©s avec l’antenne de 30m de l’IRAM : TIMASSS (The IRAS16293-2422 Millimeter And Submilimeter Spectral Survey) rĂ©alisĂ© entre 2004 et 2006 (Caux et al. 2011) et ASAI (Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM) rĂ©alisĂ© pendant la pĂ©riode 2013-2015 (eg Lopez-Sepulcre et al. 2015).L’identification et la dĂ©termination des paramĂštres des raies molĂ©culaires ont Ă©tĂ© faites en utilisant un ensemble d’outils en accĂšs libre, CASSIS (Centre d’Analyse Scientifique de Spectres Infrarouges et Sub- millimĂ©trique). Afin d’estimer les propriĂ©tĂ©s physiques du gaz et les abondances molĂ©culaires, j’ai modĂ©lisĂ© la distribution spectrale d’énergie des raies molĂ©culaires, dans les hypothĂšses de transfert radiatif Ă  l’équilibrethermodynamique local et / ou hors d’équilibre, en utilisant les modĂšles et procĂ©dures constituant GRAPES (GRenoble Analysis of Protostellar Envelope Spectral) et les structures en densitĂ© et en tempĂ©rature des deux sources dĂ©terminĂ©es antĂ©rieurement. CASSIS comme GRAPES utilisent les donnĂ©es de spectroscopie molĂ©culaire issues des bases de donnĂ©es CDMS et JPL.Les principaux rĂ©sultats de la thĂšse sont les suivants :1. Le premier recensement complet des molĂ©cules organiques complexes (COMs) dans le coeur chaud de IRAS16293-2422.2. La premiĂšre dĂ©tection de COMs dans l’enveloppe froide de IRAS16293-2422, qui laisse Ă  penser qu’un mĂ©canisme de formation des COMS, relativement efficace, doit exister en phase gazeuse froide.3. La dĂ©couverte d’une forte corrĂ©lation entre les abondances du dimĂ©thyle-Ă©ther (DME) et du mĂ©thyle-formate (MF), qui suggĂšre une relation mĂšre-fille entre ces deux espĂšces.4. La modĂ©lisation de l’abondance du formamide, molĂ©cule considĂ©rĂ©e comme prĂ©biotique, rĂ©cemment dĂ©tectĂ©e dans plusieurs protoĂ©toiles incluant IRAS16293-2422 et OMC2-FIR4.5. Le recensement complet des cyanopolyynes et de leurs isotopes et leur modĂ©lisation dans IRAS16293-2422 et OMC2- FIR4.Ces rĂ©sultats ont conduit Ă  la publications de 2 articles (Jaber et al. 2014, ApJ ; Lopez-Sepulcre, Jaber et al. 2015, MNRAS), Ă  un article acceptĂ© (Jaber et al. 2016, A&A) et Ă  un article en prĂ©paration (Jaber et al. 2016, A&A)

    Molécules organiques complexes dans les régions de formation d'étoiles de type solaire

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    The present PhD thesis goal is the study of the molecular complexity in solar type star forming regions. It specifically focuses on two classes of molecules with a pre-biotic value, the complex organic molecules and the cyanopolyynes.At this scope, I analyzed data from single-dish spectral surveys by means of non-LTE or/and non-LTE radiative transfer codes in two sources, a solar type protostar in an isolated and quiet environment (IRAS16293-2422) and a proto-cluster of solar type protostars (OMC2-FIR4). The goal is to find similarities and differences between these two cases.I used data from two spectra surveys: TIMASSS (The IRAS16293-2422 Millimeter And Submillimeter Spectral Survey), which has been carried out in 2011 (Caux et al. 2011), and ASAI (Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM), which has been carried out in 2013-2015 (e.g. Lopez-Sepulcre et al. 2015).I extracted the lines (identification and integrated intensity) by means of the publicly available package CASSIS (Centre dAnalyse Scientifique de Spectres Infrarouges et Submillimtriques).Finally, I used the package GRAPES (GRenoble Analysis of Protostellar Envelope Spectra) to model the Spectral Line Energy Distribution (SLED) of the detected molecules, and to estimate their abundance across the envelope and hot corino of IRAS16293-2422 and OMC2-FIR4, respectively.The major results of the thesis are:1)The first full census of complex organic molecules (COMs) in IRAS16293-2422;2)The first detection of COMs in the cold envelope of a solar type protostar (IRAS16293-2422), supporting the idea that a relatively efficient formation mechanism for the detected COMs must exist in the cold gas phase;3)The discovery of a tight correlation between the dimethyl ether (DME) and methyl format (MF), suggesting a mother-daughter relationship;4)The detection of formamide, a species with a very high pre-biotic value, in several protostars, included IRAS16293-2422 and OMC2-FIR4;5)The full census of the cyanopolyynes in IRAS16293-2422 and OMC2-FIR4, with the detection of HC3N and HC5N, DC3N and, for OMC2-FIR4, the 13C isotopologue of HC3N cyanopolyynes.These results are the focus of two published articles (Jaber et al. 2014, ApJ; Lopez-Sepulcre, Jaber et al. 2015, MNRAS), one accepted article (Jaber et al., A&A) and a final article to be submitted (Jaber et al., A&A).Le but de la présente thÚse est l'étude de la compléxité moléculaire dans les régions de formation stellaires. Cette thÚse s'axe sur deux classes de molécule aux caractéristiques prébiotiques : les molécules organiques complexes et les cyanopolyynes.Dans ce contexte, j'ai analysé des données d'un seul échantillon de relevés spec- traux en exploitant des codes de transfert radiatif à l'équilibre thermodynamique local (LTE) et/ou non-LTE pour deux sources : une proto-étoile de type solaire dans un environnement calme (IRAS 16293-2422) et un proto-ama constitué de proto-étoile de type solaire (OMC2-FIR4).L'objectif est de trouver des similar- ités et des différences entre ces deux cas.J'ai utilisé des données issu de deux relevés spectraux : TIMASSS (The IRAS16293-2422 Millimeter And Submilimeter Spectral Survey) réalisés en 2011 (Caux et al. 2011), et ASAI(Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM) réalisés pen- dant la période 2013-2015 (eg Lopez-Sepulcre et al.2015). J'ai extrais les lignes (identification et intensité intégrée) en utilisant le paquet disponible publique- ment : CASSIS (Centre d'Analyse Scientifique de Spectres Infrarouges et Sub- millimetrique). Pour finir, j'ai utilisé le paquet GRAPES (GRenoble Analysis of Protostellar Envelope Spectral) afin de modéliser la distribution spectrale énergétique de ligne (SLED) des molécules détectées, mais aussi afin d'estimer leurs abondances à travers l'envelope de IRAS16293 et du coeur chaud OMC2- FIR4.Les principaux résultats de la thÚse sont :1. Le premier recensement complet des molecules organiques complexes (COMs) dans IRAS162932. La premiÚre détéction de COMs dans l'enveloppe froide d'une proto-étoile de type solaire (IRAS16293-2422) supportant l'idée qu'un méchanisme de formation, relativement efficace pour les COMs détectées, doit exister en phase gazeuse froide.3. La découverte d'une fine corrélation entre le diméthyle-éther (DME) et le méthyle-formate (MF) suggÚre une relation mÚre fille entre ces deux espÚces.4. La detection de formamide, espÚce avec un trÚs fort potentiel prébiotique, dans plusieurs protoétoiles incluant IRAS16293-2422 et OMC2-FIR4.5. Le recensement complet des cyanopolyynes dans IRAS16293 et OMC2- FIR4 avec la détection de HC3N, HC5N, DC3N et pour OMC2-FIR4: le C13 isotopologue du HC3N cyanopolyynes.Ces résultats sont le sujet principal de deux publications (Jaber et al.2014, ApJ; Lopez-Sepulcre, Jaber et al.2015,MNRAS), un article accepté (Jaber et al., A & A) et un article à soumettre (Jaber et al. A & A)

    Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). III. Zooming Into the Methanol Peak of the Prestellar Core L1544

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    International audienceToward the prestellar core L1544, the methanol (CH3OH) emission forms an asymmetric ring around the core center, where CH3OH is mostly in solid form, with a clear peak at 4000 au to the northeast of the dust continuum peak. As part of the NOEMA Large Project SOLIS (Seeds of Life in Space), the CH3OH peak has been spatially resolved to study its kinematics and physical structure and to investigate the cause behind the local enhancement. We find that methanol emission is distributed in a ridge parallel to the main axis of the dense core. The centroid velocity increases by about 0.2 km s(-1) and the velocity dispersion increases from subsonic to transonic toward the central zone of the core, where the velocity field also shows complex structure. This could be an indication of gentle accretion of material onto the core or the interaction of two filaments, producing a slow shock. We measure the rotational temperature and show that methanol is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) only close to the dust peak, where it is significantly depleted. The CH3OH column density, N-tot(CH3OH), profile has been derived with non-LTE radiative transfer modeling and compared with chemical models of a static core. The measured N (tot)(CH3OH) profile is consistent with model predictions, but the total column densities are one order of magnitude lower than those predicted by models, suggesting that the efficiency of reactive desorption or atomic hydrogen tunneling adopted in the model may be overestimated; or that an evolutionary model is needed to better reproduce methanol abundance
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