Shear bond strength between veneering ceramics and ceria-stabilized zirconia/alumina

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Ceria-stabilized tetragonal ZrO(2)/Al(2)O(3) nanocomposite (Ce-TZP/A) offers superior properties compared to yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP). However, the bond quality to veneering ceramics has not been investigated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of different veneering ceramics to Ce-TZP/A. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cubes of Ce-TZP/A (NANOZR) (edge length, 10 mm) were layered with veneering ceramics (5 mm in thickness) with or without application of a liner and sheared at the interface. The effect of different surface treatments (polished with 3-mum diamond paste or airborne-particle abraded) was evaluated with 1 veneering ceramic (Cerabien ZR). Shear bond strength of 5 additional veneering ceramics (IPS e.max, Initial ZR, Triceram, Vintage ZR, or VITA VM 9) to polished Ce-TZP/A was measured (n=10). Polished Y-TZP (Hint-ELs ZrO(2) HIP) veneered with 2 ceramics (Cerabien ZR, Vintage ZR) served as the control. Mean shear bond strength values (MPa) were calculated. The means were statistically analyzed with 2-way ANOVA for the effect of surface treatment and liner, 2-way ANOVA for the effect of different veneering ceramic brands and liner, and 3-way ANOVA for the effect of substrate, veneering ceramic brands, and liner, as well as 1-way ANOVA for the differences between the veneering ceramics. A post hoc Scheffé test was used (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The effects of surface treatment (P=.007) or application of liner (P<.001) were significant. Shear bond strength with different veneering ceramics showed bond strength values with means ranging between 14.2 +/-1.7 MPa (IPS e.max with liner) and 27.5 +/-4.2 MPa (VITA VM 9). A significant difference was found between the results of shear bond tests with Y-TZP and Ce-TZP/A (P=.022). The application of a liner on Y-TZP had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: Airborne-particle abrasion is not necessary to enhance the shear bond strength of the evaluated veneering ceramics to Ce-TZP/A. Liners impair the shear bond strength of veneering ceramics to Ce-TZP/A

Sedimentological Study of Dokan Conglomerate in Kalakan Anicline / NE Iraq

A sedimentological characteristics of Dokan conglomerate was studied in Sulaymaniyah Governorate specifically in the Dokan region in northeastern Iraq. The study deals with four sections representing the study area; are Kani Watmman, KaniZard, Mewzha and Baloka sections. The conglomerate consist in all the sections from successive cycles of Clasts and fining upward. The thickness of each cycle ranges from a few to tens of meters. Dokan conglomerate is deposited above the Tangerio Formation in the KaneWatman and Kane Zerd sections, and on the Kometan Formation in Mewzha section and Baloka section. The contact betweenthe Formations is angular unconformity surface. The thickness of the sections in the study area are (350 m) in kani watman section, (220m) in KaniZard, (12m) in Mewzha section and (10 m) in Baloka section. The Dokan Conglomerate were divided into four Facies depending on the field rock characteristics such as color, hardness, granular size, sorting, sedimentary structures, and supported ratio, whether its supported by clast or matrix, it is composed sand stone, mudstone, orthoconglomerate and paraconglomerate lithofacies. The sedimentary environment of the area was derived using Facies analysis Which represent deposition in Alluvial Fan. This Alluvial Fan was divided into three zons, The First zone represents the nearest to the base of fan (proximal), Composed of bimodal orthoconglomerate depostes. The second zone represents the middle of fan, composed of sets of sedimentary structures such as river with channels imbricated gravel which referes to the paleocurrent direction. The third zone which is the farest from the base of the fan and consists of bolymodal conglomerate and lenses sanstone.

Platelet-rich plasma for regeneration of neural feedback pathways around dental implants: a concise review and outlook on future possibilities

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Usulan Penerapan Total Productive Maintenance Guna Meningkatkan EFisiensi Mesin Wire Drawing 026 Pada Line Wire Drawing

PT. Sumi Indo Wiring Tbk is a company engaged in the processing of metal with production results in the form of cable. The high productivity of the machine in the company of the company is required to maintain the performance of the machine and the quality of the product. Based on historical damage Wire Drawing machines have the highest damage 026, so these machines serve as the object of research. The purpose of the study is to calculate the value of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and perform analysis and provide improvement proposals of improvement by applying the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). A move made i.e. calculating the OEE and know the biggest factor affecting the value of the OEE calculation with six big losses. After getting the cause of problems make fish bone diagram to determine the remedial proposals to address the six big losses. The OEE calculation based on the average value obtained the Wire Drawing Machine 026 72.5% grades still under 85% JPIM standard. The biggest factor affecting the OEE is Idling/Minor Stoppages Losses amounted to 44.7%, and Reduced Speed Losses amounted to 26.4%. Proposed improvements to enhance the value of OEE, among others, doing training against a worker on the machine so that the knowledge and skills of employees increased, clean the dirty areas before and after doing production, perform preventive maintenance to prevent the occurrence of damage when the engine is operating and budgeting to add or replace a new machinery. In addition the proposed implementation of TPM done to increase the efficiency of a wire drawing machine 02

Influence of cement thickness on resin-zirconia microtensile bond strength

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of resin cement thickness on the microtensile bond strength between zirconium-oxide ceramic and resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two freshly extracted molars were transversely sectioned at the deep dentin level and bonded to air-abraded zirconium oxide ceramic disks. The specimens were divided into 8 groups based on the experimental conditions (cement type: Rely X UniCem or Panavia F 2.0, cement thickness: 40 or 160 µm, storage: thermocycled or not). They were cut into microbeams and stored in 37℃ distilled water for 24 h. Microbeams of non-thermocycled specimens were submitted to a microtensile test, whereas those of thermocycled groups were thermally cycled for 18,000 times immediately before the microtensile test. Three-way ANOVA and Sheffe's post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (α=95%). RESULTS: All failures occurred at the resin-zirconia interface. Thermocycled groups showed lower microtensile bond strength than non-thermocycled groups (P.05). The number of adhesive failures increased after thermocycling in all experimental conditions. No cohesive failure was observed in any experimental group. CONCLUSION: When resin cements of adhesive monomers are applied over air-abraded zirconia restorations, the degree of fit does not influence the resin-zirconia microtensile bond strength.ope

Deep-learning based recommenders for the improved user navigation in VR

Virtual reality (VR) has become a popular choice for education, industrial simulation, entertainment and healthcare applications. User navigation is an essential propriety of virtual applications. However, novice audiences often face the difficulty of engaging with the virtual surrounding environment. This work presents a novel design of a deep learning-based navigation solution to improve the quality of user experience and the engagement with virtual content. We compare two navigation methods avatar-based and arrows-based guidance, both of which are driven by a recurrent neural network (RNN) model. We capture participants’ mobility and eye-gaze to compare the impact of different navigation affects on users’ engagement in VR applications

Chemotherapy-free innovations in locally advanced head and neck cancer: a comprehensive review

The treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) has traditionally relied on a multimodal approach, combining surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and chemotherapy. While chemotherapy plays a critical role in improving cure rates and functional outcomes, its substantial toxicity remains a major concern, particularly in older patients. These challenges are especially relevant for those who are unfit for chemotherapy or decline conventional concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic options. Many patients are at high risk for severe side effects, often preventing them from completing the full chemotherapy regimen. This review explores alternative strategies to definitive CCRT of carcinomas of the larynx, hypopharynx and oropharynx, aiming to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing toxicity. We discuss altered fractionation strategies as a promising alternative to conventional RT, offering a balance between treatment efficacy and quality of life. Additionally, we examine emerging approaches, including the combining of targeted therapies, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy and nanoparticle-based treatments with RT, which provide alternative or complementary options to traditional therapies in the management of LA-HNSCC