An effective new iterative CG-method to solve unconstrained non-linear optimization issues

In this paper, we proposed a matrix-free double-search direction based on the updated parameter file of the double-search direction with a new mathematical formula for the gamma parameter. When comparing the numerical results of this algorithm with the standard (HWY) algorithm which given by Halilu, Waziri and Yusuf in 2020. We get very robust numerical results. The proposed algorithm is devoid of derivatives to solve large-scale non-linear problems by combining two search directions in one search direction. We demonstrated the overall convergence of the proposed algorithm under certain conditions. The numerical results presented in this paper show that the new search direction is useful for solving widespread non-linear test problems

A New CG-Algorithm with Self-Scaling VM-Update for Unconstraint Optimization

In this paper, a new combined extended Conjugate-Gradient (CG) and Variable-Metric (VM) methods is proposed for solving unconstrained large-scale numerical optimization problems. The basic idea is to choose a combination of the current gradient and some pervious search directions as a new search direction updated by Al-Bayati\u27s SCVM-method to fit a new step-size parameter using Armijo Inexact Line Searches (ILS). This method is based on the ILS and its numerical properties are discussed using different non-linear test functions with various dimensions. The global convergence property of the new algorithm is investigated under few weak conditions. Numerical experiments show that the new algorithm seems to converge faster and is superior to some other similar methods in many situations

Finite Element Analysis in Porous Media for Incompressible Flow of Contamination from Nuclear Waste

A non-linear parabolic system is used to describe incompressible nuclear waste disposal contamination in porous media, in which both molecular diffusion and dispersion are considered. The Galerkin method is applied for the pressure equation. For the brine, radionuclide and heat, a kind of partial upwind finite element scheme is constructed. Examples are included to demonstrate certain aspects of the theory and illustrate the capabilities of the kind of partial upwind finite element approach

New Technique for Enhancing the Anodes Performance of Cathodic Protection Deep Well Systems

A special round-grain construction was suggested   for use as a grout material surrounding the anode case of deep well groundbed in an impressed current cathodic protection systems. The experimental results show that the proposed grout material is relatively uncrushable to protect the anode groundbed from collapsing of the wells to undermine, having a good electrical conductivity (low resistivity) which increase the active size of anode, provide a lower electrical resistance to surrounding earth and reduce anode consumption resulting from current discharge. The proposed round-grain shape includes a mixture of different percentage weights of Carbon black powder, Portland cement, Graphite and Surfactant material by mixing (1.8) kg of grout powder with (1) liter of water (mixing ratio 1.8:1) which may be pumped between the groundbed steel casing and soil bore well for a substantial distance up from minimal of the well and in the vicinity of the casing and ultimately to the land surface. Keywords:  Cathodic Protection(CP), Grout material, Deep well groundbed, Impressed curren

Molecular and microscopic study of Entamoeba histolytica in Camels in Al-Qadisiyah & Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Provinces

Using a PCR technique, the detection of Entamoeba histolytica in camels was the main reason for performing of this study. Two hundred faecal samples of the camels from the slaughterhouses & nomadic areas of Al-Qadisiyah and Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf provinces. Some of the camels suffered from diarrhoea & other asymptomatic animals, their ages range from less than 1 year to more than 1 year. Whereby showed the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection was (30.5%) by Lougal iodine stain method according to using microscopic examination for a description of E. histolytica cysts. While the prevalence rate depending on the PCR technique there was (61%)

Design and Hardware Implementation of a Speech Cipher System

Digital ciphering of speech signals based on one of modern cryptography algorithms, called the Rijndael algorithm, is studied and presented in this paper. The algorithm meets most of the requirements of security level in recent applications. A system to encrypt speech files recorded with Sound Blaster Card of a personal computer was proposed and simulated successfully using MATLAB® language.  Subjective measure and objective measure using segmental spectral signal-to-noise ratio, were used to test the proposed system performance. In these tests residual intelligibility of the encrypted speech and quality of the recovered speech were calculated and assessed. Finally, a hardware implementation of the above cipher system has been proposed using the TMS320-C30. The real time requirements from the speech cipher system have been computed in terms of execution time together with factors affecting such implementation. The results show the capability of the cipher system to be implemented using the DSP device suggested. Furthermore, the results of hardware implementation also show the security of the system is very close to that of the simulated version

Sex differences in self-construal and in depressive symptoms: predictors of cross-national variation

Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples

Is an emphasis on dignity, honor and face more an attribute of individuals or of cultural groups?

This study compares the individual-level and sample-level predictive utility of a measure of the cultural logics of dignity, honor, and face. University students in 29 samples from 24 nations used a simple measure to rate their perceptions of the interpersonal cultural logic characterizing their local culture. The nomological net of these measures was then explored. Key dependent measures included three different facets of independent versus interdependent self-construal, relevant attitudes and values, reported handling of actual interpersonal conflicts, and responses to normative settings. Multilevel analyses revealed both individual- and sample-level effects but the dignity measure showed more individual-level effects, whereas sample-level effects were relatively more important with the face measure. The implications of this contrast are discussed

Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups

The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person's handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups