Types of Polymers Using in 3D Printing and Their Applications: A Brief Review

The technology based on using 3D printing machines (3DPs) can be considered a promising approach in industry. A 3D printer might be define as machines which manufacture 3D products or models that already designed by computer aided design (CAD) software programs. These machines can create geometries that are very complicated and so difficult to fabricate by traditional manufacturing approaches. Additionally, it has capability to create items that is so complex internal design products with lower time and cost. Several kinds of materials have been applied in this technology. The polymers is one the most common materials that are using in 3D printing. This review seeks to clarify the features and benefits of different types of polymers including Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polylactic acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Glycolized polyester(PETG), Polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP), Nylon, and Hybrid and composite materials.&nbsp

COVID-19 detection based on deep learning and artificial bee colony

COVID-19 has become a great challenge to the whole world, as it has infected and killed millions of people and affected the different fields of our life due to its rapid ability to spread. In this paper, the COVID-19 patient's recognition technique utilized the deep learning, and An artificial bee colony is intended to be applied. Deep learning was implemented to provides the features from X-ray images, while the artificial bee colony algorithm used to refine these features by selecting the best features. The multilayer perceptron classifier has been utilized in the classification stage. The experiments carried out on the standard dataset with/without different other daises such as MERS, SARS, and ARDS as well as COVID-19(+) referred that the proposed work provided high recognition rates with high reduction in the number of deep learning features

Serum HMGB1, DKK1, and ACE2 as a Function of Lung Injuries in COVID-19 Patients

There is a need for a biomarker for lung injury in COVID-19 patients. In the present study, an attempt was carried out to examine the role of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a function for the lung abnormalities in CT-scan (LACTS). To perform the goals, DKK1, HMGB1, and ACE2 were measured in patients and controls using the ELISA technique. In contrast, other parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. The results showed decreased SpO2 and albumin and an increase in the serum biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, creatinine, D-dimer, ACE2, DKK1, and HMGB1) in COVID-19 patients compared with the control group. In COVID-19 patients, the percentages of the lung abnormalities in CT-scan% are 40.67±11.84. The results showed that those patients with LACTS patients are slightly older and have lower SpO2 than the patients without the LACTS group. ACE2 shows a significant correlation with SpO2 (ρ = 0.336, p<0.01) and a negative correlation with albumin (ρ = -0.197, p<0.05). Other parameters showed no significant correlation with the measured biomarkers. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients have higher ACE, DKK1, and HMGB1 indicating the involvement of the pathways of these biomarkers in the disease progression including lung injury

Modulating Mathematical Function to be used in Electron Objective Lens

A theoretical study has been carried out on the magnetic field resulting from a modulating mathematical function to produce a magnetic pole to be used for designing the objective magnetic lens in the electron optical devices. This function has only one effective optimization parameter (a) which is named half of the half-width of the magnetic field that can affect on the design and focal properties of the magnetic lens. At first we will be seen the peak of the magnetic field shifted out of a symmetry point (z=0) by a distance approximately equals to the half half-width of the magnetic field. Therefore, some axial transformations have been carried out to make this peak symmetric around the symmetry axis. The present work has shown the possibly of obtaining a magnetic pole of the magnetic field in which the peak shifted off symmetry point. Keywords: Electron optics, Objective Magnetic Lenses, Aberration

Design and implementation of microstrip rotman lens for ISM band applications

This work presents the design and implementation of Rotman lens as a beam steering device for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. 2.45 GHz is considered as a center frequency design with (2-6) GHz frequency bandwidth. The beam steering is examined to cover ±21o scan angle with maximum main lobe magnitude 10.1 dBi, rectangular patch antennas are used as radiation elements to beam the output far field. The work is extended to compare between the tapered line which is used for matching between 50-Ω ports and lens cavity. CST microwave simulation studio results show that the rectangular taper line can yield 2 dB return loss less than linear taper line with a little bit shifting in responses for same input and load impedance

An Overview of Dye Wastewater and Its Treatment via Coagulation-Flocculation with Iron Chloride

The chapter discusses an overview of the removal of colour, COD, turbidity and TSS from dye wastewater using iron chloride as a coagulant in coagulation-flocculation process. This chapter explained dye wastewater definition and characteristics, dye wastewater treatment methods and factors that influence the coagulation-flocculation processes of dye wastewater treatment. The chapter also gives an explanation about various chemical coagulant used in dye wastewater treatment process and the efficiency of these coagulants

Th17 Lymphocytes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution licenseStudies of the role of IL-17 in arthritis carried out in our laboratory are generously supported by a research grant from Pfizer

Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosis Based on Artificial Intelligence System

مرض التهاب القولون التقرحي هو تهيج في القولون الذي يرتبط في كثير من الأحيان مع العدوى ونقص المناعة. يكون جدار القولون للشخص مصاب بالالتهاب دائمًا أكثر سماكة من المعتاد. قد يكون مرض التهاب القولون التقرحي مهدد للحياة ويؤدي إلى الموت إذا لم يتم اكتشافه مبكرًا. الاكتشاف المبكر لهذا المرض مهم للغاية لبدء العلاج المناسب. في هذا البحث، تم تقديم شبكة العصبية الاصطناعية للكشف عن مرض التهاب القولون التقرحي وفقًا لمجموعة البيانات النظرية التي تم إنشاؤها بواسطة المعايير. تم تدريب الشبكة باستخدام خوارزمية Levenberg-Marquardt. أفضل اداء للشبكة كان حيث نسبة الخطأ تساوي 1.9947×10-24   للنظام الذي عدد خلاياه العصبية = 4.Ulcerative colitis (UC) disease is irritation of the colon that is frequently related to infection and immune compromise. The wall of the colon with inflammation is always thicker than normal. UC may be life-threatening and lead to death if not detected early. Early detection of this disease is very important to initiate appropriate treatment. In this paper, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) applied to detect the UC according to a theoretical dataset generated by the criteria of UC. The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm has trained the single hidden layer ANN. The best behaviour is equal to 1.9947×10-24for the system which the number of neurons =4

Overview on Epidemiology and Management of Myxedema Coma or Crisis

The most severe type of hypothyroidism is known as myxedema coma, which can quickly lead to death if not identified and treated aggressively. The condition known as hypothyroidism is easily detected and treated. But if ignored, it might eventually progress to myxedema coma, the most serious form of hypothyroidism. Since the majority of patients do not initially appear in a coma, the term "myxedema coma" is usually regarded as misleading. Lethargy usually progresses to stupor, which then becomes a coma with hypothermia and respiratory failure. only clinical criteria are used for diagnosis because thyroid hormone assays are unable to distinguish between simple hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm. Apart from essential medical interventions, the treatment focuses on preventing thyroid hormone production and secretion as antithyroid medications, and preventing the peripheral effects of thyroid hormone as β-blocker, glucocorticoids. The diagnosis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood is the same as that of simple hypothyroidism. As soon as a diagnosis is obtained, treatment should start right away. The majority of hospital and commercial laboratories can turnaround a TSH test in a matter of hours

Treatment of Forty Adult Patients with Hodgkin Disease; Baghdad Teaching Hospital Experience

Background: Hodgkin disease was the first cancer in which the curative potential of combination chemotherapy was demonstrated. The affected patients are often young and there is a great potential for adding years of productive life by giving curative therapy even when the disease is advanced. Objective: to describe the experience of the hematology unit,Baghdad Teaching Hospital, in the management of 40 adult patients with Hodgkin disease. Patients and Methods: a retrospective cohort study of forty adult Iraqi patients with Hodgkin disease between 2005 and 2013 in the hematology unit. Patients were treated initially with 6-8 cycles of ABVD chemotherapy protocol (doxorubicine+ bleomycin+ vinblastin+ dacarbazine) , nine patients received additional involved field radiotherapy for residual masses or bulky disease. Overall survival and progression free survivals were estimated using Kaplan Meier survival plot. Results: The mean age was 28.6±12.88 years with females forming 61.5% of patients, mean duration of follow up was 27.9± 20.6 months. Staging showed that 55% and 27.5% had stage II and III respectively. B symptoms were found in 72.5% patients , bulky disease in 42.5% patients. Complete Response+ Complete Response undetermined was seen in 85% of cases. First Relapse occurred in 14%, and death in 7.5% of the patients. The 8 year overall survival and progression free survival were 82% and 50% respectively while the mean overall survival and progression free survival times were 84.7 and 59.9 months respectively. Conclusion: The results of the treatment of adult patients with Hodgkin disease in our unit is rather comparable to the results from other studies