Genotypic variation in the response of pepper to salinity

Using 102 pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes, a greenhouse experiment has been conducted to study genotypic variation in tolerance to 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) in nutrient solution. Based on the severity of leaf symptoms caused by the NaCl treatment there was a substantial genotypic variation in salt tolerance. From this screening experiment, six sensitive and six tolerant genotypes were chosen to study dry matter production and root and shoot concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in a growth chamber experiment in a nutrient solution with and without 150 mM NaCl. The genotypes selected as sensitive were highly damaged and developed severe chlorosis and necrosis under NaCl treatment, while the genotypes selected as tolerant were slightly affected. On average, decreases in shoot dry matter production caused by NaCl were greater in the sensitive than the tolerant genotypes. Application of salt increased shoot Na concentration at greater amount in the sensitive than the tolerant genotypes. Of the tolerant genotypes, the genotype Cac (Capsicum annuum var. cerasiforme) and 1245 F1 had around 2.45% Na in shoot while the sensitive genotypes Kandil and Pazarcik contained, on average, 5.4% Na. All sensitive and tolerant genotypes exhibited more or less similar shoot concentrations of K and Ca. There was very significant and positive correlation between severity of leaf symptoms and shoot Na concentration, but no correlation could be found in the case of K or Ca concentrations with the severity of leaf symptoms. The results indicate existence of substantial genotypic variation in tolerance to NaCl stress in pepper. It seems very likely that exclusion of Na from roots into growth medium plays a critical role in expression of high Na tolerance in pepper

Turkish adaptation of Consumers’ Perceived Value of Sport Games Scale: Spor Karşılaşmalarında Tüketici Değer Algısı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması

In addition to competing with each other, sports teams must have the necessary operating income and reach a sufficient fan base in order to sustain their existence. It is known that the perceived value of these individuals, who are considered as consumers, is one of the most important factors in their loyalty to their teams. In this context, in order for sports marketers and managers to reach a strong fanbase, it is necessary to evaluate the perceived value of consumers as an effective parameter. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to introduce the Consumers’ Perceived Value of Sport Games Scale, which allows evaluating the perceived value of consumers with its multidimensional structure, to the Turkish literature. The research was carried out through analysis of Turkey 2018-2019 season Spor Toto Super League in the two sets of data received from 18 teams fans. Data were obtained from 254 participants for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and from 202 participants for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA results showing that the factor loads of the items that load five different dimensions range from .46 to .87 and the CFA results showing that the RMSEA value is .081 and the other goodness of fit indices are among the acceptable values, showing that the structure tested in Turkish culture is consistent with the original scale. It was observed that the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the relevant sub-dimensions ranged from .83 to .89. As a result, it was understood that the measuring tool whose structure was tested was consistent with the original scale, and in line with the findings, the scale was also valid and reliable in Turkish culture. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Spor kulüplerinin, birbirleri ile rekabetlerinin yanı sıra, varlıklarını sürdürebilmeleri için gerekli işletme gelirine sahip olmaları ve bu bağlamda yeterli taraftar kitlesine ulaşmaları gerekmektedir. Tüketici olarak nitelendirilen bu bireylerin değer algılarının ise takımlarına karşı bağlılıklarında en önemli etmenlerden biri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda spor pazarlamacılarının ve yöneticilerin güçlü bir taraftar kitlesine ulaşabilmeleri için tüketicilerin değer algılarını etkin bir parametre olarak değerlendirmeleri gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, çok boyutlu yapısı ile tüketicilerin değer algılarını değerlendirmeye olanak sağlayan Spor Karşılaşmalarında Tüketici Değer Algısı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe literatüre kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın analizleri 2018-2019 sezonu Türkiye Spor Toto Süper Lig’de yer alan 18 takım taraftarından alınan iki veri seti aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) için 254, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) için 202 katılımcıdan veri alınmıştır. Beş farklı boyuta yük veren maddelerin faktör yüklerinin .46 ile .87 aralığında olduğunu gösteren AFA sonuçları ve RMSEA değerinin .081 olduğunu ve diğer uyum iyiliği indekslerinin de kabul edilebilir değerler arasında olduğunu gösteren DFA sonuçları, Türk kültüründe test edilen yapının orijinal ölçekle tutarlı olduğunu göstermiştir. İlgili boyutların Cronbach alfa katsayılarının da .83 ile .89 aralığında olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yapısı test edilen ölçme aracının orijinal ölçekle tutarlı olduğu ve bulgular doğrultusunda ölçeğin Türk kültüründe de geçerli ve güvenilir bir yapıya sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır

A comparison of antioxidant capacity and some lipoprotein values in swimmers and sedentary subjects

Increased oxygen consumption as a result of the exercise also increases the free radical production. These free radicals are neutralized by a defence mechanism consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Training can have positive or negative effects on oxidative stress depending on the load and type of the training or the status of the individual prior to it. The purpose of this study is to search the capacity of lipoproteins, total oxidant and antioxidant in swimmers and sedentary subjects. The experimental group were 18 male children with mean age 15,16 ± 0,92 who have been swimming at least for 2 years and exercise regularly 3 days a week and 2 hours a day, as the control group, 18 male children with mean age 15,33 ±1,08 who do not regularly do any particular sports, participated voluntarily in our study. Oxidant-antioxidant measurements were conducted through venous blood samples collected in EDTA tubes on an empty stomach and at rest. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was determined through a method developed by Erel (2004) to measure the total antioxidant capacity of the body against the free radicals. Lipid Hydroperoxide (LOOH) determination was specified with a method in which xylenol orange and Fe++ are used (Arab and Steghens, 2004). Total Oxidant Status (TOS) was determined through a colorimetric method developed by Erel (2004). Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated with the formula Total Oxidative Stress (TOS) / (TAC). Plasma triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL parameters were measured using Abbot and automatic chemistry analyser (Aeroset, Abbott, USA). For the comparison of the experiment and the control groups, Independent Samples T-Test was applied to compare the independent groups on the SPSS 16.00 statistical package. Statistically significant difference was determined to be p0,05). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed between TAC, LOOH, TOS, OSI, TRIGLISERIT and HDL values of the experiment and the control groups (p0,05). It was concluded that total antioxidant and antioxidant capacity of the swimmers’ group was higher compared to the sedentary group. The reason for this difference, we think, is that antioxidant defence mechanisms of the subjects who do swimming are more developed

Development of attitude scale for international sport organizationsUluslararası spor organizasyonlarına yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması

The attitudes of people towards international sport organizations, the structures that organize these events and the level of importance of the organizations. The cognitive and affective reactions of the individual act as behaviors to them, and they take the time to participate and encourage them to watch these contests. This situation is moving the countries in line with political, political and economic values. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to develop a scale that can be used to determine the attitudes of individuals towards international sport organizations. A test form consisting of 26 items was applied to 299 students from 4 different faculties at Gazi University. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was used to test the construct validity of the scale and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the accuracy of the structure reached. In order to determine the reliability, the cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients and the item total test correlations were examined. It was observed that the scale of EFA was composed of 20 items and 3 sub-dimensions. These three components account for 64.91% of the variance explained. It has been determined the substances that load the factors values are in the range of .50 to .90. For the sub-dimensions, the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was .89, .93, .88, and for the whole scale it was .90. Substance total test correlations range from .48 to .85. The structure reached in EFA was tried to be confirmed by applying confirmatory factor analysis. The RMSEA value was found to be .08 and other compliance indices were examined and it was proven that compliance is acceptable. In conclusion, the EFA, CFA, reliability analysis and item analysis showed that the scale achieved was valid and reliable for determining attitudes towards international sport organizations.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetUluslararası spor organizasyonlarına insanların verdikleri tepkilerin derecesi bu oluşumları düzenleyen yapıları etkilemekte ve dolayısıyla bu organizasyonların önem düzeyini arttırmakta ya da azaltmaktadır. Bireylerin bilişsel ve duyuşsal tepkileri onları davranış olarak harekete geçirmekte gerek katılımla gerekse zaman ayırıp bu yarışmaları izlemeye sevk etmektedir. Bu durum ise ülkeleri siyasi, politik ve ekonomik değerler doğrultusunda harekete geçirmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada bireylerin uluslararası spor organizasyonlarına yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabilecek bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. 26 maddeden oluşan denemelik form Gazi Üniversitesi’nde 4 ayrı fakültede öğrenim gören 299 öğrenciye (136 Kadın, 163 Erkek ) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla öncelikle açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), ulaşılan yapının doğruluğunu tespit etmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Güvenirliği belirlemek amacıyla Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı değerleri ve madde toplam test korelasyonları incelenmiştir. AFA sonucunda ölçeğin, 20 madde ve 3 alt boyuttan oluştuğu gözlenmiştir. Bu 3 bileşenin (1. Bileşen %36.57, 2. Bileşen %21.65, 3. Bileşen %6.69 ) açıklanan varyansın %64.91’lik kısmını açıkladığı görülmüştür. Maddelerin faktör yüklerinin .50 ile .90 aralığında değer aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Güvenirliğe ait bulgular incelendiğinde sırasıyla alt boyutlar için Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .89, .93, .88 ve ölçeğin tamamı için ise bu değerin .90 olduğu gözlenmiştir. Madde toplam test korelasyonları .48 ile .85 aralığında değişmektedir. AFA sonucunda ulaşılan yapı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) uygulanarak doğrulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ulaşılan RMSEA değeri .08 olduğu bulgulanmış diğer uyum indeksleri de incelenerek uyumun kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, AFA, DFA, güvenirlik analizi ve madde analizi, sonucunda ulaşılan değerler ölçeğin, uluslararası spor organizasyonlarına yönelik tutumları belirlemek için geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir

Penetrating anterior abdominal stab injury

AMAÇ: Acil cerrahi servislerinde sık karşılaşılan karına penetre delici kesici alet yaralanmalarında (DKAY) tedavi yaklaşımı, zaman içinde rutin eksploratis laparotomiden selektif konservatif yaklaşıma doğru değişim göstermiştir. Konservatif yaklaşımda fizik muayene, laboratuar ve görüntüleme sonuçlarına göre laparotomi kararı verilir. Çalışmamızın amacı karın anterior bölgesine penetre DKAY'lı hastalarımızın takip ve tedavi sonuçlarının irdelenmesidir. YÖNTEMLER: Nisan 2009 - Kasım 2011 tarihleri arasında karın anterior bölgesine penetre DKAY' sı olan ve acil cerrahi ünitesine başvuran hastalar prospektif olarak incelendi. Hemodinamisi stabil, akut karın bulguları olmayan hastalar konservatif tedaviye alınırken, hemodinamisi instabil ve/veya akut karın bulguları olan hastalara acil laparotomi yapıldı. Yaralanmanın lokalizasyonu, zamanlaması (acil,erken,geç), laparotomi bulguları (terapötik,nonterapötik,negatif) ve tedavi sonuçları değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Toplam 85 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. İlk değerlendirme sonucunda hemodinamisi stabil olan ve peritonit bulguları olmayan 80 hasta konservatif tedaviye (grup 1) alınırken, 5 hastaya acil laparotomi (grup 2) uygulandı. Grup 1'de 11 hastaya erken, 5 hastaya geç dönemde laparotomi yapıldı. Bu grupda ki hastaların 13'ünde laparotomi terapötik, 2'sinde nonterapötik ve 1'inde negatif idi. Grup 2'de laparotomi endikasyonları; 3 hastada akut batın, 1 hastada hemodinamik instabilite ve 1 hastada organ eviserasyonu idi. Bu grup da 4 terapötik, 1 negatif laparotomi yapılırken bir hasta peroperatif exitus oldu. SONUÇ: Bu çalışmada 64 hastaya (% 75) konservatif tedavi, 21 hastaya (% 25) laparotomi uygulandı. Laparotomilerin; 17'si (% 80) terapötik, 2'si (%10) nonterapötik ve 2'si (%10) negatif idi. Klinik takip ve tanı metodlarının birlikte kullanımı gereksiz laparotomi oranlarını azaltmaktadır. OBJECTIVE: Penetrating anterior abdominal stab injuries (PAASI), frequently encountered in Emergency Unit and traditionally managed with mandatory laparotomy, are nowadays managed conservatively. The decision of laparotomy is based on physical examination, laboratory and imaging results during follow-up. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome of patients with PAASI. METHODS: From April 2009 to November 2011, patients with diagnosis of PAASI admitted in Emergency Unit were prospectively included in the study. While hemodinamically stable patients without signs of peritonitis were managed conservatively, unstable and/or patients with signs of peritonitis underwent emergency laparotomy. Location of the injury, type of management (emergency, early, late), laparotomy findings (therapeutic, non-therapeutic, negative), and treatment results were analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 85 patients were included in the study. Hemodynamically stable 80 patients without signs of peritonitis were treated conservatively (group 1), while emergency laparotomy was performed in 5 patients (group 2). In group 1, early laparotomy was performed in 11 patients and late laparotomy in 5 patients. Totally 13 therapeutic, 2 nontherapeutic and 1 negative laparotomy were performed. In Group 2, the indications for laparotomy were acute abdomen (n=3), hemodynamic instability (n=1), and organ evisceration (n=1). Group 2 included 4 therapeutic, 1 negative laparotomy and in this group 1 patient died intraoperatively. CONCLUSION: In this study, 64 patients (75%) were managed conservatively, whereas 21 patients (25%) underwent laparotomy, including 17 therapeutic (80%), 2 nontherapeutic (% 10) and 2 negative (10%). Clinical follow-up and use of diagnostic methods decrease the rate of unnecessary laparotomy

Investigation of Self-Respect and Risk-Taking Level of Individuals doing Sport or not (The Example of Erzurum Province)

In this study it was aimed to analyse individuals’ level of self respect and risk-taking who both doing sport and not doing in respect of different socio-demographic aspects. The subjects in this study included 208 individuals who do sport and 102 individuals who do not sport, in respect of genders, 220 male and 90 female totally 310 individuals who live in Erzurum and subjects were chosen randomly. The data was collected by applying the individuals risk taking scale (DOSPERT) which was developed by Weber, Blais and Betz and later shortened by Weber and Bias and self-respect scale developed by Arıcak. SPSS20 programme was used for assessment and analysis of the data and significance was determined as P<0,05. Shapiro-Wilk Normality test was applied in order to analyse whether the distribution of the data was normal or not and it was observed the data was not normally distributed. Mann Whitney U test was applied in order to find out whether there was difference between the level of self-respect and risk taking in respect of gender and doing sport and Kruskal- Wallis test was applied in respect of age and marital status. According to results it was found out that there were differences between the level of self- respect and risk taking in respect of the criterias such as age, gender, status of doing sport and marital status