A new Chiral Two-Matrix Theory for Dirac Spectra with Imaginary Chemical Potential

We solve a new chiral Random Two-Matrix Theory by means of biorthogonal polynomials for any matrix size $N$. By deriving the relevant kernels we find explicit formulas for all $(n,k)$-point spectral (mixed or unmixed) correlation functions. In the microscopic limit we find the corresponding scaling functions, and thus derive all spectral correlators in this limit as well. We extend these results to the ordinary (non-chiral) ensembles, and also there provide explicit solutions for any finite size $N$, and in the microscopic scaling limit. Our results give the general analytical expressions for the microscopic correlation functions of the Dirac operator eigenvalues in theories with imaginary baryon and isospin chemical potential, and can be used to extract the tree-level pion decay constant from lattice gauge theory configurations. We find exact agreement with previous computations based on the low-energy effective field theory in the two special cases where comparisons are possible.Comment: 31 pages 2 figures, v2 missing term in partially quenched results inserted, fig 2 update

A new chiral two-matrix theory for dirac spectra with imaginary chemical potential

We solve a new chiral Random Two-Matrix Theory by means of biorthogonal polynomials for any matrix size $N$. By deriving the relevant kernels we find explicit formulas for all $(n,k)$-point spectral (mixed or unmixed) correlation functions. In the microscopic limit we find the corresponding scaling functions, and thus derive all spectral correlators in this limit as well. We extend these results to the ordinary (non-chiral) ensembles, and also there provide explicit solutions for any finite size $N$, and in the microscopic scaling limit. Our results give the general analytical expressions for the microscopic correlation functions of the Dirac operator eigenvalues in theories with imaginary baryon and isospin chemical potential, and can be used to extract the tree-level pion decay constant from lattice gauge theory configurations. We find exact agreement with previous computations based on the low-energy effective field theory in the two special cases where comparisons are possible

Comparing matrix models and QCD lattice data with chemical potential

We present a quantitative analysis of the microscopic Dirac spectrum which is complex in the presence of a non-vanishing quark chemical potential. Data from quenched SU(3) lattice simulations for different volumes V and small values of the chemical potential are compared to analytical predictions from matrix models. We confirm the existence of two distinct limits for weakly and strongly nonhermitian Dirac operators. Good agreement is found in both limits, confirming the different scaling of chemical potential and eigenvalues with the volume

Microscopic and bulk spectra of Dirac operators from finite-volume partition functions

The microscopic spectrum of the QCD Dirac operator is shown to obey random matrix model statistics in the bulk region of the spectrum close to the origin using finite-volume partition functions

Correlations for non-Hermitian Dirac operators: chemical potential in three-dimensional QCD

In the presence of a non-vanishing chemical potential the eigenvalues of the Dirac opera- tor become complex. We use a Random Matrix Model (RMM) approach to calculate ana- lytically all correlation functions at weak and strong non-Hermiticity for three-dimensional QCD with broken flavor symmetry and four-dimensional QCD in the bulk

New critical matrix models and generalized universality

We study a class of one-matrix models with an action containing nonpolynomial terms. By tuning the coupling constants in the action to criticality we obtain that the eigenvalue density vanishes as an arbitrary real power at the origin, thus defining a new class of multicritical matrix models. The corresponding microscopic scaling law is given and possible applications to the chiral phase transition in QCD are discussed. For generic coupling constants off-criticality we prove that all microscopic correlation functions at the origin of the spectrum remain in the known Bessel universality class. An arbitrary number of Dirac mass terms can be included and the corresponding massive universality is maintained as well. We also investigate the critical behavior at the edge of the spectrum: there, in contrast to the behavior at the origin, we find the same critical exponents as derived from matrix models with a polynomial action

Random Matrix Theory and Quantum Chromodynamics

These notes are based on the lectures delivered at the Les Houches Summer School in July 2015. They are addressed at a mixed audience of physicists and mathematicians with some basic working knowledge of random matrix theory. The first part is devoted to the solution of the chiral Gaussian Unitary Ensemble in the presence of characteristic polynomials, using orthogonal polynomial techniques. This includes all eigenvalue density correlation functions, smallest eigenvalue distributions and their microscopic limit at the origin. These quantities are relevant for the description of the Dirac operator spectrum in Quantum Chromodynamics with three colours in four Euclidean space-time dimensions. In the second part these two theories are related based on symmetries, and the random matrix approximation is explained. In the last part recent developments are covered including the effect of finite chemical potential and finite space-time lattice spacing, and their corresponding orthogonal polynomials. We also give some open random matrix problems.Comment: Les Houches lecture notes, Session July 2015, 37 pages, 6 figures, v2: typos corrected and grant no. added, version to appea

Multicritical matrix models and the chiral phase transition

Universality of multicritical unitary matrix models is shown and a new scaling behavior is found in the microscopic region of the spectrum, which may be relevant for the low energy spectrum of the Dirac operator at the chiral phase transition

Microscopic correlations of non-Hermitian Dirac operators in three-dimensional QCD

In the presence of a non-vanishing chemical potential the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator become complex. We calculate spectral correlation functions of complex eigenvalues using a random matrix model approach. Our results apply to non-Hermitian Dirac operators in three-dimensional QCD with broken flavor symmetry and in four-dimensional QCD in the bulk of the spectrum. The derivation follows earlier results of Fyodorov, Khoruzhenko and Sommers for complex spectra exploiting the existence of orthogonal polynomials in the complex plane. Explicit analytic expressions are given for all microscopic k-point correlation functions in the presence of an arbitrary even number of massive quarks, both in the limit of strong and weak non-Hermiticity. In the latter case the parameter governing the non-Hermiticity of the Dirac matrices is identified with the influence of the chemical potential