طب پیشگیری از دیدگاه حکیم جرجانی

Preventive medicine is a science which tries to maintain and increase the health in a   population. Ancient Iranian scientists have played an important role in developing medical sciences, especially during middle ages. Jorjani was one of the greatest scientists which are known as the reviver of medical sciences. Treasure of Kharazmshah, the most popular book of Jorjani, is written in Persian. It is believed that there is no medical comprehensive book such as treasure in any country. A part of this book is devoted for preventive medicine. In traditional Persian medicine prevention is prior to treatment and there six principle necessities for preventing diseases named " Sette-ye-zarurieh " which consists of Air, Food and Water, Sleep and Wake, Movement and Stillness, Emotional states (Aaraz-e-nafsani), and Depletion and Retention (Estefragh and Ehteghan). Jorjani believed that prevention is easier and simpler that treatment.بهداشت عمومی یا پزشکی پیشگیری، شاخه‌ای از علم پزشکی است که هدف آن حفظ و افزایش سطح سلامت افراد جامعه به صورت کلی است. دانشمندان ایرانی به ویژه در طی قرون وسطی که بر محافل علمی جهان، سیطره داشتند، نقش مهمی در پیشبرد دانش پزشکی ایفا کرده‌اند. جرجانی را یکی از دانشمندان بزرگ ایران و جهان در سده‌های پنجم و ششم هجری و احیاکننده علم پزشکی می‌دانند. ذخیره خوارزمشاهی، معروف‌ترین اثر جرجانی، به فارسی نوشته شده است. پیش از جرجانی، حتی بعد از او هم کتاب جامعی از این دست در هیچ کشوری نوشته نشده است. یکی از موضوعاتی که در طب سنتی ایران به آن پرداخته شده است، طب پیشگیری است. در طب سنتی ایران، پیشگیری از ابتلا به بیماری و حفظ سلامت افراد بر درمان تقدم دارد و بدین سبب اهمیت بسیاری دارد. مبحث سته ضروریه یا اصول شش‌گانه پیشگیری که در کتب حکمای طب سنتی ایران و از جمله در تألیفات جرجانی است، عبارتند از: هوا، حرکت و سکون، خواب و بیداری، خوردنی و آشامیدنی، استفراغ و احتقان و اعراض نفسانی. از دیدگاه جرجانی پیشگیری مقدم بر درمان بوده و ساده‌تر و کم هزینه‌تر است

ANATOMIJA I LIJEČENJE PRIJELOMA REBARA U AVICENINU PRIKAZU

Introduction: Avicenna stated interesting points on the symptoms of rib bone fractures, their physical examination, and also treatment and management of the complications in his master piece Canon in Tibb. Method: We reviewed Avicenna’s Canon and his viewpoints on the anatomy of the rib bones and their fractures and compared it with conventional medicine. Result: He described the anatomy of the ribs; he explained the effectiveness of their structure in the protection of vital organs. He also suggested some methods for the management of rib fractures, such as using vacuum at the fracture site or open surgery in case of complications. Conclusion: Avicenna’s point of view on the approach toward rib fractures had some similarities and differences with conventional practice. Some of his suggestions could be taken into account.Uvod: U svom remek-djelu Canon u Tibbu Avicena je iznio zanimljiva gledišta vazana uz simptome prijeloma rebrenih kostiju i njihov fizički pregled te liječenje komplikacija. Metoda: Donosimo pregled Avicenina Canona i njegova pogleda na anatomiju rebrenih kostiju i njihove prijelome i uspoređujemo ih s konvencionalnom medicinom. Rezultat: Avicena je opisao anatomiju rebara; objasnio je djelotvornost njihove strukture u zaštiti vitalnih organa. Predložio je i neke od metoda za liječenje prijeloma rebara poput upotrebe vakuuma na mjestu prijeloma ili otvorene operacije u slučaju komplikacija. Zaključak: Avicenin pogled na pristup liječenju prijeloma rebara imao je neke sličnosti i razlike s konvencionalnom praksom. Neka od njegovih razmišljanja mogu se i danas uzeti u obzir

Surgical Decompression of Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament through Posterior Approach: A Case Report

Thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a rare condition that is mainlyaccompanied by cervical OPLL or ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum. In case of causing neurologicalmanifestations, it is preferred to treat the condition surgically. Several surgical procedures were introduced,including anterior, posterior, or combined approaches. Laminectomy with instrumented fusion is the mostpopular procedure utilized via the posterior approach. A 32-year-old obese woman, who suffered from backpain and weakness in both lower extremities for one month, was referred to our spine outpatient clinic. Imagingrevealed lower thoracic OPLL (T7/T8 & T8/T9 & T9/T10). The posterior longitudinal ligament had a mixedossification pattern (beaked and continuing cylindrical). To maintain thoracic spine stability and prevent futurekyphosis, we performed laminectomy and long segment fixation (T7 to T12). The post-operative neurologicalexamination revealed a considerable increase in muscle strength and significant pain relief

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Anatomija i liječenje prijeloma rebara u Aviceninu prikazu

Introduction: Avicenna stated interesting points on the symptoms of rib bone fractures, their physical examination, and also treatment and management of the complications in his master piece Canon in Tibb. Method: We reviewed Avicenna’s Canon and his viewpoints on the anatomy of the rib bones and their fractures and compared it with conventional medicine. Result: He described the anatomy of the ribs; he explained the effectiveness of their structure in the protection of vital organs. He also suggested some methods for the management of rib fractures, such as using vacuum at the fracture site or open surgery in case of complications. Conclusion: Avicenna’s point of view on the approach toward rib fractures had some similarities and differences with conventional practice. Some of his suggestions could be taken into account.Uvod: U svom remek-djelu Canon u Tibbu Avicena je iznio zanimljiva gledišta vazana uz simptome prijeloma rebrenih kostiju i njihov fizički pregled te liječenje komplikacija. Metoda: Donosimo pregled Avicenina Canona i njegova pogleda na anatomiju rebrenih kostiju i njihove prijelome i uspoređujemo ih s konvencionalnom medicinom. Rezultat: Avicena je opisao anatomiju rebara; objasnio je djelotvornost njihove strukture u zaštiti vitalnih organa. Predložio je i neke od metoda za liječenje prijeloma rebara poput upotrebe vakuuma na mjestu prijeloma ili otvorene operacije u slučaju komplikacija. Zaključak: Avicenin pogled na pristup liječenju prijeloma rebara imao je neke sličnosti i razlike s konvencionalnom praksom. Neka od njegovih razmišljanja mogu se i danas uzeti u obzir

Adherence to guideline in hydrating traumatic patients with crystalloid fluids: A single center experience from Southern Iran

Objective: The adherence of the physicians to guidelines in resuscitation of the patients is of great importance since it can predict the outcome. To evaluate the adherence of the physicians of our center in hydration of traumatic patients with crystalloids regarding the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines. Methods: We designed an algorithm obtained from ATLS guidelines using vital signs and status of bleeding of the traumatic patients to classify them. After categorizing the patients according to the algorithm, we evaluated the adherence of the physicians to the guideline in hydration of traumatic patients with crystalloids. Results: This is a cross-sectional study in which 998 traumatic patients who were admitted to the emergency ward of Rajaee trauma hospital were enrolled. Most of the patients were men (89.6%) and the most common causes of traumatic injuries were traffic accidents. Proper hydration was seen in only 14.7% of the patients. Most of the patients were overhydrated (85%) regarding both our algorithm and the patients’ base excess. Conclusion: The present study showed that the adherence of physicians in our center in resuscitation with crystalloid was low. Also, most of the traumatic patients were overhydrated with crystalloids. It is suggested that physicians retrain concerning the side effects of over hydration. In addition, we need a user friendly and more applicable guideline for hydration with crystalloids