Analysis of autonomic response to stressful and calming visual and auditory stimuli

An article that appeared in JASS, issue 2015Stress is a recognizable physical sensation that results from a stimulus associated with anxiety or fear in which the body has regulatory mechanisms for control in order to alter the stimulation of sympathetic innervation and therefore alter the body’s behavior during a stress-inducing incident. The human body’s method of monitoring acute stress is through the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA-axis), which assists in regulation of the autonomic responses that result from acute stress including, but not limited to, immediate changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance response (SCR). The purpose of this study was to determine how stressful and calming auditory and visual stimuli affect the body’s acute autonomic response. It was hypothesized that calming stimuli would result in decreased BP, HR, and SCR, while stressful stimuli would result in an increase in these variable measurements. It was also hypothesized that visual exposure to stimuli would result in a larger autonomic response than auditory exposure for both calming and stressful stimuli. After analyzing HR, BP, and SCR in 11 subjects exposed to calming visual and auditory stimuli and 9 additional subjects exposed to stressful visual and auditory stimuli, it was determined that some, but not all, measures of autonomic response resulted in a statistically significant difference in baseline measurements and measurements gathered during exposure to stimuli. Measures of systolic blood pressure (sBP) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were found to have a significant change in calming visual stimuli and calming auditory stimuli respectively. SCR was found to have a significant change in baseline and autonomic response to stimuli in both calming auditory and visual stimuli. In addition, it was determined that some, but not all, measures of autonomic response resulted in a significant statistical difference in visual and auditory exposure to stimuli. A significant change in dBP and SCR appeared to demonstrate a more prominent autonomic response to visually presented stimuli and further investigation would determine if this observed trend could be established and reproduced

Bolboschoenus planiculmis T. Koyama

原著和名: イセウキヤガラ科名: カヤツリグサ科 = Cyperaceae採集地: 愛知県 豊橋市 下地町 瀬上 豊川畔 (三河 豊橋市 瀬上 豊川畔)採集日: 1995/8/27採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH001369国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95136

Additional file 4: Table S3. of MicroRNA-21 regulates prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway by targeting 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Validation of the differential expression of microRNAs and mRNAs involved in putative MRM using TCGA dataset. (XLSX 12 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of MicroRNA-21 regulates prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway by targeting 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Lists of 97 differentially expressed mRNA transcripts and 9 microRNAs in OTSCC based on our previous genomic profiling studies [15, 16]. (DOC 140 kb

ArcGIS Web Application-An interactive seaweed farming sites along Indan Coast

Seaweed Data -ICAR CMFRI & CSIR CSMCR

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field