Ocular late effects in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study

Introduction—Approximately 80% of children currently survive 5 years following diagnosis of their cancer. Studies based on limited data have implicated certain cancer therapies in the development of ocular sequelae in these survivors. Procedure—The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is a retrospective cohort study investigating health outcomes of 5+ year survivors diagnosed and treated between 1970 and 1986 compared to a sibling cohort. The baseline questionnaire included questions about the first occurrence of 6 ocular conditions. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from responses of 14,362 survivors and 3,901 siblings. Results—Five or more years from the diagnosis, survivors were at increased risk of cataracts (RR:10.8; 95% CI: 6.2–18.9), glaucoma (RR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.7), legal blindness (RR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.7–4.0), double vision (RR:4.1; 95% CI: 2.7–6.1), and dry eyes (RR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6–2.4), when compared to siblings. Dose of radiation to the eye was significantly associated with risk of cataracts, legal blindness, double vision, and dry eyes, in a dose-dependent fashion. Risk of cataracts were also associated with radiation 3000+ cGy to the posterior fossa (RR: 8.4; 95% CI: 5.0–14.3), temporal lobe (RR: 9.4; 95% CI: 5.6–15.6), and exposure to prednisone (RR:2.3; 95% CI:.1.6–3.4) Conclusions—Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of developing late occurring ocular complications, with exposure to glucocorticoids and cranial radiation being important determinants of increased risk. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate potential progression of ocular deficits and impact on quality of life

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Crystal structure of AI(tBu)3(NH2CH2CH2Ph): A molecular "slinky"

The molecular structure of AI(tBu)3(NH2CH2CHzPh) is determined by the crystal packing of the phenyl rings and the pseudo spherical Al(tBu)3 units, and may be viewed as a layered structure consisting of double sheets of the phenyl rings and the Al(tBu)3 units. The A1-N-C-C linkage shows severe disorder as a result of its flexibility. The structure of Al(tBu)3 (NH2CH2CH2Ph) can be likened to a molecular "slinky," in which the rigid ends are fixed in space by molecular packing forces, leaving the interior link to adopt multiple orientations. Crystal data: orthorhombic, Cmca, a = 13.282(9), b = 25.01(1), c = 13.210(9) ,~,, V = 438800) ,~3, Z = 4, R = 0.0957, R, = 0.0957

Crystal structure of AI(tBu)3(NH2CH2CH2Ph): A molecular "slinky"

The molecular structure of AI(tBu)3(NH2CH2CHzPh) is determined by the crystal packing of the phenyl rings and the pseudo spherical Al(tBu)3 units, and may be viewed as a layered structure consisting of double sheets of the phenyl rings and the Al(tBu)3 units. The A1-N-C-C linkage shows severe disorder as a result of its flexibility. The structure of Al(tBu)3 (NH2CH2CH2Ph) can be likened to a molecular "slinky," in which the rigid ends are fixed in space by molecular packing forces, leaving the interior link to adopt multiple orientations. Crystal data: orthorhombic, Cmca, a = 13.282(9), b = 25.01(1), c = 13.210(9) ,~,, V = 438800) ,~3, Z = 4, R = 0.0957, R, = 0.0957