THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BINAHONG LEAVES ON DIABETIC WOUND HEALING

This research aimed to study the effectiveness of ethanol extract of binahong leaves on blood glucose, insulin, blood chemical profiles (serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase=SGPT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase=SGOT, ureum, and creatinine), and skin histopathology in diabetic rat. A total of 20 male Wistar rats aged 3 months (± 250 gram) were divided into five groups, with four rats in each group. Group I (non-diabetic control) was injected with 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, while group II (diabetic control), III, IV, and V were injected with single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) at dose 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP). One week after the injection, the dorsal skin of the rats were excised. Group I and II were given cream topically and 1% NaCMC orally, group III was given 50% ethanol extract of binahong leaves (EEB) topically and 1% NaCMC orally, group IV was given cream topically and EEB 300 mg/kg orally, and group V was given 50% EEB topically and EEB 300 mg/kg orally. These treatments were continued for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained at the end of study to examine blood glucose, insulin, and blood chemical profiles (SGOT, SGPT, ureum, and creatinine). Examination of skin histopathology and leukocyte count were also done. The result showed that blood glucose, insulin, SGOT, SGPT, and ureum level of diabetic rats given topical or oral EEB did not significantly different from diabetic control group, even though blood glucose, insulin, SGOT, SGPT, and ureum level of diabetic rats given topical and oral EEB were found lower compared to diabetic control group. Administration of EEB 300 mg/kg orally in diabetic rats could lower creatinine level significantly (P0.05). Histopathological examination of dorsal skin of diabetic rats which were given EEB topically showed the decrease of fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte infiltration, and hemorrhage in dermis area. Leukocyte count on skin tissue was significantly lower (P0.05) in diabetic rats given EEB. In conclusion, topical or oral administration of EEB can help healing process in diabetic wound

PENGARUH Eimeria magna TERHADAP KONDISI FISIOLOGIK KELINCI LOKAL

This study aims to determine the influence of Eimeria magna (E. magna) on the physiological condition of local rabbits. Twelve of local coccidiosis free, male rabbits aged 4 months, 1.0 to 1.5 kg body weight, were used as experiment animals. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (K-O, K- I, and K-2), each group consisted of4 rabbits. Each rabbit of group K-l and K-2 was infected orally with 4xlOs/ rabbit and 28x10s/ ofE. magna oocysts, respectively. The rabbits of the group K-O were used as a control. The measurement of body temperature, feed consumed weighing and counting the number of eliminated Eimeria were carried out in feces and monitoring of clinical symptoms was done every day for I I days. On day-O, 5, and 10 the body weight were measured and blood for routine blood tests (number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, hemoglobin level, the value of packed cell volume (PCY), total levels of plasma protein (TPP), and differential leucocyte (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) was collected. The results showed that rabbits infected with 28xlOs oocyst exhibit in physiological conditions more effectively than those of the group infected with 4xlOs/ oocyst.. The higher the number oocyst E . magna administered, the higher the body temperature, the amount oocyst eliminated in feces, and the number eosinophils

PCS-8 Oyster Shell Powder as Alternatives Macromineral for Synthetic Testosterone

Oyster is one of seafood produced in waters, especially in eastern Indonesia. During this time, oyster is known as aphrodisiac agents, an agent that can increase sexual appetite because it can remind testosterone levels and very high nutrient content of zinc, vitamin A iron, calcium, and selenium are also Vitamins A and Vitamin B12. Therefore, the oyster is known as the mineral's potent testosterone-boosting abilities (Matsuda et al., 2003). Zinc is also very important, it can be used as a stimulant of enzymes, hormones and the immune system.Due to the abundance of oysters in Indonesia, only meat of oyster is consumed, while the existing shells are never used to consume and just thrown away. Therefore, a research plan will be made on the use of oyster shell waste, as a precursor of testosterone in Rat (Rattus norvegicus). Since many kinds of oyster, it would be compared among three kinds of oyster shell namely Kerang darah (Anadara granosa), Kerang hijau (Perna viridis) and Kerang keong (Telescopium telescopium).Based on function, Zn inhibits aromatase enzyme which convert estradiol to testosterone as a consequence, testosterone levels will increase (Michell et al. 2012).The purpose of this study were to determine the highest content of Zn among the three types of oyster shell; 2. To measure testosterone levels in rat after given shell powder containing highest Zn

The Hematological and Biochemical Profiles of Wonosobo Sheep Blood in Various Physiological Conditions

The study aimed at examining the hematological and biochemical profiles of Wonosobo sheep blood in various physiological conditions. There were 32 Wonosobo sheep in the various physiological conditions, including 17 ewe lamb of 1-2 months of age, 5 pregnant female sheep of 12-48 months of age at 3 months of pregnancy, 5 ewe of 12-48 months of age in second lactation period of 1-2 months and 5 ram of 12-48 months of age. Each of the sheep was put in individual sheepfold and given Pakchong-1 grass, dried kangkong, and concentrate. Drinking water was given ad libitum. Blood sample was drawn from jugular vein and put into tubes for blood hematological and biochemical analyses. The results of the study showed that total leukocyte and lymphocyte were high in young sheep, while neutrophils was high in pregnant female sheep (P0.05). The highest ALP activity and Pi levels were found in the ewe lamb, while low creatinine was found in the ram (P0.05). It was concluded that the impact of the physiological conditions of the Wonosobo sheep caused high total leukocyte and lymphocyte in ewe lamb and high neutrophil in pregnant female sheep, the increase in the Pi level and ALP activity of the ewe lamb, and high creatinine in the ra

Gambaran Fisiologis Kadar Kolesistokinin Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Umur 1 Bulan

Peran fisiologis kolesistokinin (CCK) adalah pengendalian fungsi gastrointestinal. Kolesistokinin akan disekresikan oleh sel endokrin usus sebagai respons terhadap makan yang kekurangan atau kelebihan lipid dan protein. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran fisiologis kadar kolesistokinin tikus Wistar umur 1 bulan. Dua puluh ekor tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan, umur 1 bulan, diadaptasikan selama 7 hari dalam kandang individu dengan pakan AD II dan minum air ad libitum. Kemudian dilakukan penimbangan berat badan dan pengambilan darah lewat vena orbitalis untuk pengukuran kadar CCK plasma, kadar glukosa darah, dan kadar kolesterol darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat badan rata-rata tikus adalah 54,6+3,36 gram, kadar kolesistokinin 259,61+104,60 pg/mL, kadar glukosa darah 125,35+20,36 mg/dL dan kadar kolesterol 74,5+14,73 mg/dL. Setelah dianalisis korelasi disimpulkan bahwa pada tikus jantan normal umur 1 bulan kadar CCK plasma tidak berkorelasi dengan kadar glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol darah

The Hematological and Blood Chemical Parameters of the Female Fat Tail Sheep Raised with Fermented Complete Feed Management

The study aimed at evaluating the hematological and chemical parameters of the blood of female fat tail sheep raised with fermented complete feed (CF) management. It used 40 adult female fat tail sheep age 24-36 months and body weight in 30-35 kg and 3-4 of body condition score, which was raised in the individual stall with fermented complete feed (CF) management. Samples of blood were drawn once from the jugular vein before feeding in the morning. The results of hematological parameters were RBC (12.11±2.18 x106/µL), hemoglobin (12.40±1.96 g/dL), hematocrit  (36.49±5.47%), MCV (30.46±3.38  fL), MCH (10.30±0.75 pg), MCHC (34.00±1.86 g/dL), eosinophils (3.15±7.70%), neutrophils (7.13±14.90%), lymphocytes (11.93±23.85%), and monocytes (0.30±0.88%). The results of chemical parameters were sodium (147.58±3.75 mmol/L), chloride (106.51±3.12 mmol/L), magnesium (3.66±1.38 mg/dL), albumin (3.36±0.31 g/dL) and glucose (40.28±9.12 mg/dL). The results of hematological and chemical parameters in the study could be the reference in monitoring the health of the adult female fat tail sheep raised with the fermented complete feed (CF) management

Kadar Hormon Prolaktin Pada Kambing Peranakan Ettawa,Sapera dan Saanen Pada Berbagai Status Fisiologi

  This study examines the prolactin hormone profile in Etaawa, Sapera and Saanen lactating goats, adult females, pregnant does, and yearlings. This study used a total of 80 randomly selected goats with details of 26 Ettawa Crossbreed goats (eight lactating, six adult females, six pregnant, and six heifers), 32 Sapera goats (eight lactating, six adult females, twelve pregnant, and six yearlings) and 22 Saanen goats (five lactating, four adult females, six pregnant and yearling). All goats were declared clinically healthy. Blood sampling was performed through the jugular vein in each animal; then, serum was analyzed with an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to prolactin concentration. High prolactin concentrations were found in Saanen goats in pregnant physiological status compared to Sapera and Ettawa crossbreed goats.

ANALYSIS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-B (APO-B) GENE IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS MICE GIVEN CURCUMINOID EXTRACT OF ZANTHORRIZA IN ORAL

The aim of this study was to investigate the apolipoprotein-B (apo-B) gene in atherosclerosis mice which were orally given curcuminoid extract of Curcuma xanthorriza. A total number of 30 white mice were split into 6 groups, the first group considered as control (without any treatment), second group as atherogenic feed control, the third group as extract control, while the fourth, fifth and sixth groups as atherogenic feed and curcuminoid Curcuma xanthorriza extract group treated with 5 mg/mouse, 10 mg/mouse and 15 mg/ mouse, respectively for three months. The blood samples were taken from all six groups for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis using total DNA isolation, DNA amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA sequencing. The data analysis showed that 374 bp nucleotide sequence gen of apo-B from Rattus norvegicus in groups B, C, D, E, and F did not cause any changes in genes. The analysis showed the sequence of apo-B Rattus norvegicus gene in the treatment group was apparently identical with that of Rattus norvegicus group A as the control group without treatment. As conclusion, the administration of curcuminoid zanthorrizza to atherosclerosis mice did not change the gene structure of apo-B 100

The Adaptation of Small Intestine Nitregic Myenteric Neurons on Rats (Rattus norvegicus) to High Fat Diet

High fat diet can result in the loss of nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus. The study aimed at finding out the effect of high fat diet on the adaptation of nitrergic nerve of rat intestine. It used 15 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) of a month of age with mean body weight of 53.73 gr. The rats were adapted for 7 days to individual cages with ad libitum feeding. After random adaptation, all of the rats were assigned to 3 groups of five rats, namely K-7, K-10, and K-13 groups. Feed and drinking water were given ad libitum. The treatment of the high fat diet lasted for 7 weeks. After the treatment, all of the rats were fasted for 12 hours and then killed. Subsequently, small intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) were taken. The intestinal segments were prepared by using NADPH-d histopathological technique to determine the morphometric changes of nitrergic myenteric neurons. During the treatment the rats were weighed every week and at the end of the study orbitalis vein blood measurement was carried out to see its glucose, cholesterol and cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma levels. The data of body weight, glucose, cholesterol, CCK levels, the total number of the nippergenic myenteric segments of the small intestine were statistically analyzed using Anova. The results of the study showed that the treatment of 7% to 13% fat diets for 7 weeks did not indicate any weight gain and any increase in cholescystokinin level, and any decrease in glucose level. However, it indicated significant increase in cholesterol level. The treatment of 10% and13% fat diets increased the total number of neurons in the jejunum and the ileum. Thus, it was concluded that the treatments of the high-fat diet of the rats (K-7, K-10, and K-13) for 7 weeks had significant effect on the adaptation of the neurons of the jejunum and the ileum

Profil Reseptor Gonadotropini Releasing Hormone (GnRH) dari Hipothalamus Sapi

Gonadotropine Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is one of the recommended hormones to overcome ovulation problems and it can increase pregnancy rate so that it is used in government programs to increase cattle population in Indonesia, although the results are not yet optimal. Hormone and receptor compatibility is the main key to succesful hormone application while data on the composition of the Indonesian cow GnRHreceptors is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to obtain the composition of GnRH receptors cattle in Indonesia and compare them to the GenBank sequence reference so that is known whether genetic diversity occurs at GnRH receptors cattle in Indonesia. Samples in the form of 3 female cow hypothalamus stored at -800C temperatue freezer. The methods used are mRNA isolation, cDNA synthesis,  implification of GnRH gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process by Promoter F and Exon 1 R primers and then elektrophoresis and sent for sequencing. Sequencing product were further aligned with the reference sequences of Bos TaurusGnRHR mRNA GenBank using the MEGA X program. The results of the analysis found the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of 1st cow position 38(A> T), 261(C > T), 342(C >T), 411(C >T) and 495(C > T) and 2nd cow positions 261(C >T). Changes in amino acids were also detected in 1stcowposition 13 (H> L). The presence of SNP was found to indicate genomic variation between individuals at GnRH receptors cattle in Indonesia