TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 3 KALASAN TENTANG PROGRAM ADIWIYATA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan terhadap program adiwiyata yang dilaksanakan disekolah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang menggunakan tes pilihan ganda untuk pengumpulan data. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan yang berjumlah 109 siswa. tehnik sampling dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling.dan subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 109 siswa. tehnik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif persentase. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diketahui bahwa tingkat pemahaman siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan terhadap program adiwiyata dengan kategori sangat tinggi sebesar 48,62%, kategori tinggi sebesar 33,94%, kategori cukup sebesar 7,33%, kategori rendah sebesar 3,66%, dan kategori sangat rendah sebesar 6,42%

Comparison of Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine versus Bupivacaine Alone in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post-Operative Analgesia

Objective: To study the effects of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in transverses abdominis plane block in comparison with using bupivacaine alone. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective comparative study that was conducted in the Anaesthesia Department, CMH, Lahore over a period of six months from 1st June 2020 to 30th November 2020. Fifty patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologist Class I and II with an age range between 40 to 60 years were divided into two groups. Group B received 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2ml of normal saline on each side in the transversus abdominis plane block while group BD was given 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/kg on each side (in a volume of 2ml). Post-operative pain was assessed with a visual analogue scale. Rescue analgesia was given when a score of greater than 3 was observed using this scale. Time to first rescue analgesia was noted. Total opioid consumption in the first 24 hours was also recorded. Patients were observed for postoperative hypotension and bradycardia.Results: The mean-time for the first dose of analgesia for group B and BD was 302.92 ± 24.01 and 419.28 ± 31.97 minutes respectively with a p-value of 0.001. The mean of the total consumption of opioids in 24 hours post-operatively for group B and BD was 14.20±2.36 and 10.40±1.38 mg respectively with a p-value of 0.001. Hypotension was not seen in any patient in either group. Only one patient developed bradycardia and he belonged to group BD. P-value was 0.327.Conclusion: The addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia and reduces the postoperative opioid requirements

How Promotional Advertisements Can Change the Buying Behavior of Children

This study aims to highlight the impact of promotional advertising on children's buying behavior.Promotions are tools that maximize the sales of any organization. Retailers or manufacturers apply this toolto invite consumers to buy more products. The proposed study aims to focus the advertising impact on childpurchases in the Pakistani capital. It is convenient to sample 500 respondents and collect data with the helpof the questionnaire. The results show that there is a negligible correlation between the purchase behaviorand coupons. On the contrary, buying one-to-one free, the physical environment impacts significantly on thepurchase behavior. The proposed research helps marketers recognize most effective promotional ads thatcan significantly affect a child's buying behavio

HETEROTIC ESTIMATION AND ADAPTABILITY OF TOMATO HYBRIDS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN PAKISTAN.

Current study is emphasizing on the estimation of heterosis for different yield attributing traits and adaptability of tomato hybrids. It was performed in the research area of VCRP, HRI, NARC Islamabad during 2018-2019. Crossing was completed among six parents followed by line × tester. The analyzed data depicted significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) among all the characters.Due to desirable high negative heterotic values hybrids Peto-86 × Nagina and Riograndi × Roma were found suitable for breeding early maturing hybrids. For plant height maximum positive heterosis was observed in Riograndi × Nagina, for no. of cluster/plant in Naqeeb × Roma, for traits like flower cluster-1, fruit cluster-1, fruit length & width and single fruit weight in Naqeeb × Continental while for yield Riograndi × Continental showed maximum heterosis. Therefore among 9 tested hybrids Naqeeb × Continental was found to be highly preferable and recommended for utilization in different breeding programmes

Measurement of cell membrane thermo-stability and leaf temperature for heat tolerance in maize (Zea mays L): Genotypic variability and inheritance pattern

The rise in ambient temperature is intimidating sustainability of maize productions worldwide. To overcome heat stress effects, identification of potential genotypes and knowledge of inheritance pattern is necessary for developing thermo-tolerant cultivars. This investigation, consisted of four experiments, was conducted for assess- ing genetic variation followed by developing and evaluating breeding material in non-stressed and heat-stressed environments. The first experiment concerning reproductive stage heat tolerance comprised one hundred maize inbred lines, was conducted at mean day/night temperatures of 33°C/19°C (field) and 40°C/23°C (plastic tunnel), respectively. Variance analysis of absolute and relative data for leaf temperature and cell membrane thermo- stability revealed statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) genotypic variations. In second and third experiments, one heat tolerant (ZL-11271) and one susceptible (R-2304-2) lines were selected and crossed in a generation mean fashion to develop non-segregating (P , P , F ) and segregating (BC , BC , F ) plant populations. The fourth experiment involved appraisal of six basic generations in a factorial randomized complete block design replicated thrice with mean day/night temperatures of 33°C/20°C and 39°C/24°C. Data on leaf temperature and cell membrane thermo- stability recorded at reproductive phase were analyzed in a nested block design which suggested involvement of digenic epistatic interactions in controlling inheritance of both these traits. Generation variance analysis, however, revealed predominance of additive genes supported by higher estimates [> 60%] of broad sense and narrow sense heritability (F and F ). Future progress in plummeting leaf temperature and cell membrane thermo-stability of plant material is achievable through hybridization and rigorous selections in succeeding generations

ENHANCING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN DISTRICT RAHIM YAR KHAN, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Abstract In recent years, the intricate relationship between climate change and its profound impact on agricultural productivity has garnered increasing attention, particularly concerning the pivotal role played by agricultural extension workers. This study delves into climate change mitigation strategies within the realm of agriculture, with a specific focus on the instrumental contributions of agricultural extension workers. Climate change presents a multifaceted challenge to global agricultural systems, exerting significant influences on productivity, crop yields, and food production. Amid these challenges, agricultural extension workers emerge as central figures bridging the chasm between technical knowledge and practical adaptation methods for farmers. This qualitative investigation draws upon a synthesis of existing research and incorporates insights from key informant interviews. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between climate change, agricultural productivity, and the pivotal function of agricultural extension workers, this research aspires to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationships between these variables. By facilitating the adoption of climate-resilient techniques, such as cultivating drought-resistant crop varieties, implementing water-efficient irrigation methods, and promoting agroforestry, extension workers empower farmers to mitigate the severe impacts of climate change. Furthermore, extension workers play a pivotal role in bolstering farmers' adaptive capabilities and equipping them with essential skills to navigate increasingly volatile climatic conditions. Studies underscore that farmers who receive training from extension workers report heightened confidence in successfully implementing climate-adaptive strategies

Reconnoitering Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoproteins to design subunit vaccine by immunoinformatics approach

Background: Tuberculosis is an aerosol transmitted disease of human beings caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The only available vaccine for Mtb is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Currently no alternative or booster is available for BCG. The objective of this predictive approach was based on binding of MHC-I and MHC-II and B cell epitopes of Mtb for mouse host.Methods: Immunoinformatics approach was used to design subunit vaccine (SV) by joining 8 MHC-I bindings, 6 MHC-II bindings, and 8 B-Cell epitopes with AAV, GPGPG, and KK amino acid linkers, respectively. The efficacy of the SV was enhanced through Mtb protein Rv3763 (LpqH, PDB ID= 4ZJM) as an adjuvant at the N-terminal of SV. The in silico analyses evaluated the SV to predict allergenicity, antigenicity, and physico-chemical properties.Results: Predictions revealed that SV is non-allergic and highly antigenic. The physico-chemical analysis showed that the SV was stable and basic in nature. The three-dimensional structure of SV was stable with a high binding affinity against the mouse TLR2 receptor. In silico cloning suggested the effective transformation of SV into the eukaryotic expression vector.Conclusion: This study permits preclinical validation of the designed SV in mouse host to confirm its immunogenic potential and efficacy, which will help in controlling tuberculosis.Keywords: Immunoinformatics; Docking; Subunit vaccine; Lipoprotein; Tuberculosis

Characterizations of hemirings by their hh-ideals

In this paper we characterize hemirings in which all $h$-ideals or all fuzzy $h$-ideals are idempotent. It is proved, among other results, that every $h$-ideal of a hemiring $R$ is idempotent if and only if the lattice of fuzzy $h$-ideals of $R$ is distributive under the sum and $h$-intrinsic product of fuzzy $h$-ideals or, equivalently, if and only if each fuzzy $h$-ideal of $R$ is intersection of those prime fuzzy $h$-ideals of $R$ which contain it. We also define two types of prime fuzzy $h$-ideals of $R$ and prove that, a non-constant $h$-ideal of $R$ is prime in the second sense if and only if each of its proper level set is a prime $h$-ideal of $R$