Relationship Between Lack of Motivation for Sports Performance and Exposure to Sports Injuries Among Young Soccer Players in Algeria

تعتبر الإصابة الرياضية هاجساً لدى كل لاعب ولها تأثير سلبي على نفسيته، ولذلك فإن الخوف من الإصابة وخطورتها يقلل من أداء اللاعب، ولذلك يجب الاهتمام كثيراً بالجانب الطبي، وخاصة التأهيل الذي يجب أن يكون متناسباً مع نوع الإصابة.     هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين ضعف الدافعية للأداء الرياضي والتعرض للإصابات الرياضية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم الشباب في الجزائر.    تكونت عينة الدراسة من 30 لاعبا من فئة أقل من 19 سنة تم اختيارهم عشوائيا من أندية مدينة بوسعادة.      وبالمنهج الوصفي تم استخدام مقياس الدافعية للإنجاز ونموذج خاص للتحكم في طبيعة وعدد الإصابات التي يتعرض لها اللاعبون.     أشارت النتائج إلى وجود علاقة ارتباط قوية بين تكرار الإصابة وقلة الدافع للأداء الرياضي لدى لاعبي كرة القدم الشباب.     بالإضافة إلى ذلك هناك علاقة ارتباطيه بين درجة الإحساس بالألم الجسدي الناتج عن الإصابة الرياضية وقلة الدافع للأداء الرياضي لدى لاعبي كرة القدم الشباب.A sports injury is an obsession for every player and has a negative impact on their psyche and, therefore, the fear of an injury and its severity reduces the player's performance, and therefore a lot of attention should be paid to attention to the medical aspect, especially to rehabilitation, which must be in accordance with the type of injury. The current study aimed to identify the relationship between poor motivation for sports performance and exposure to sports injuries among young soccer players in Algeria. The study sample consisted of 30 players from the under-19 category who were randomly chosen from clubs in the city of Bou Saada. With a descriptive approach, we used the Achievement Motivation Scale and a special form to control the nature and number of injuries sustained by players. The results indicated that there is a strong correlation between injury recurrence and lack of motivation for sports performance among young soccer players. In addition, there is a correlation between the degree of sensation of physical pain derived from a sports injury and the lack of motivation for sports performance among young soccer players

Efficiency of cache-replacement algorithms while retrieving data from a relational database and XML files in a web based system

Caching has been applied in Web based information systems in order toreduce the transmission of redundant network traffic and response latency by savingcopies of the content obtained from the Web closer to the end user. The efficiencyof caching is influenced to a significant extent by the cache replacement algorithmswhich are triggered when the cache becomes full and old objects must be evicted tomake space for the new ones.This paper presents a framework that can be used in future work to tunecache-replacement algorithms while data is simultaneously retrieved from arelational database and XML files in a web based environment, by a large numberof end-users. Three replacement policies are considered: Least Recently Used(LRU), Least Frequently Used (LFU) and Lowest Latency First (LLF). Theexperimental results obtained from the framework show that data caching greatlyimproves the overall performance of web based systems, and the type of the appliedcache replacement policy also plays an important role in the performance. In thescenarios considered in this paper, the LLF algorithm produced the bestperformance when retrieving data from a relational database, while the LFUalgorithm was the most efficient algorithm when data was retrieved from an XMLfile

Estimating octanol/water partition coefficient for selected ferrocene derivatives using XlogPv2.0 approach

Octanol/water partition coefficients P of several substituted ferrocene were calculated on the basis of the adaptation of the existing XlogPv2.0 approach. The predicted of calculated partition coefficients values of logP for selected ferrocene derivatives was compared with known experimental values taken from literature.The shown Results confirmed that the calculated partition coefficients were in good accord with experimental values. The average of absolute  error  is  0.12, and the  obtained  correlation  coefficient value RI for  the  linear dependencies between experimental and calculated partitions coefficients is 0.977.Keywords:  Experimental logP,  theoretical partition coefficient, ferrocene derivatives,lipophilicity, QSA

Resolution Of International Conflicts Through The United Nations: The Corfu Channel Case

States have been and are still the most essential actors in international relations. The primary aim of each state is the maximal realization of its interests vis a vis other actors in the international scene. This could potentially result in a disagreement or even conflict. It is precisely the job of the international law to peacefully resolve these issues through the many mechanisms that it has under its disposition. Apart from the disagreements that could arise between/among states, such disagreement could as well arise between a state and another type of international actors e.g. in an organization or even between two or more organizations. Even in the resolution of these types of disagreements, one could apply one of the many mechanisms that are applied in the state vs. state case. When we talk of international disagreements, it is noteworthy to mention that they could be of a political nature and of a legal nature. This division is very often debated since each conflict is invariably linked with some political considerations. This is the reason why it is so difficult to define some of the criteria which would determine the very nature of the conflict and/or disagreement. There are several instruments to solve international disagreements. In the past, many of the disagreements between states were solved through war. However, since the end of the First World War, war has been considered as a forbidden means of solving disagreements between states

The Representation of Violence in Khaled Hosseini’s Novels

In this research, I aim to examine the visible and invisible representation of violence in Khaled Hosseini's three novels, The Kite Runner (2003), A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007), and And the Mountains Echoed (2013). Significantly, I will analyze different types of violence in these novels through narratological approaches. I will also inspect the hidden and untold scenes in the novels and the role of trauma in violence representation in the narratives. Furthermore, I will deduce how invisible violence paves the way to a visible one. I am writing on the works of Hosseini as there is little reception on his novels in his country and Anglophone countries. There are newspaper and magazine reviews, but the critical studies are minimal. Through my researches, no monograph appeared on his works. It is essential to talk about Hosseini's works on violence representation as it is a cultural memory processing that is important for conflict resolution. By reading Hosseini's novels, I try to find the paradigm of violence representation because his works employ a multiphased of violence representation. This paradigm will incorporate the notions of narratology, trauma theory, and Johan Galtung's violence triangle, to test the representation of violence in Hosseini's first three published novels. In the first and second chapters, I will survey Khaled Hosseini's life and works; discuss background concepts related to trauma, conflicts as side facets of violence, and narratology. I will identify some key concepts and build the theoretical background to later test to analyze the following chapters' selected novels. Further, the first two chapters will include a summary of conflict studies alongside various types of violence, peculiarly the modal of the violence triangle defined by Johan Galtung. At the end of the second chapter, I will also explore the narratological modes of the unnarrated and disnarrated. Following the introduction, I will dedicate three chapters to analyze Hosseini's novels A Thousand Splendid Suns, The Kite Runner, and And the Mountains Echoed. Finally, the last chapter will conclude my research on the representation of violence in Khaled Hosseini's three novels. Then this thesis's novelty comes to existence naming it literary violence triangle. Violence has an invisible level, but there is another sub-level underneath the invisible violence. Trauma is the sub-level that causes violence. Violence causes trauma, but the main issue to consider is the reason behind the violence, and trauma comes first. To address violence, first, the unearthed traumas should be explored to understand the reasons behind the violence, and this is important to portray the whole picture to see how violence functions. Following the exploration of trauma studies, narratology has the leading role in elaborating this thesis to study unaddressed trauma and violence issues. To build on that, it is also about the novels' hidden knowledge that the narrator does not transfer to the reader purposely or unconsciously. Testing the narratological method of disnarration and unnaration on Hosseini's novels will allow me to look at the representation of violence in-depth, including the undressed hidden traumas, which are the main reasons for the creation of represented violence in the fictional works

The use of Metaphor in Toni Morrisonas Beloved

This study exploressome metaphorical uses in Toni Morrison s Beloved Colors are used very widely because slavery is one of the main themes of the novel and the conflict between white and black skinned people is shown as a main reason of slavery As a result of that conflict white and black colors can be seen very frequently Some of the speeches will be analyzed in which colors are used metaphorically The use of white color will be explained in deep as it is used regularly by a slave character because this color is the color of the slave owners hunters and masters Black color is used mainly for two reasons to show the insults which were committed towards black people and it is also used to exaggerate the beauty of eyes Crossing water is also a metaphor and it will be discussed it will be shown how it is used to show a change in some people s entire lif

Physico-chemical characterization of the essential oil of Origanum majorana (L.) cultivated in a semi-arid bioclimatic stage (South-east Algeria)

The essential oils (EO) are complex volatile natural compounds,  characterized by a strong odor, produced by the plants as secondary metabolites. The composition of these last is strongly influenced by intrinsic factors twinned with the extrinsic factors such as technology, the cultivation techniques, the édapho-climatic conditions of the culture  medium, like those of the storage of vegetable drug, the techniques of treatment, etc… The extraction of essential oils (EO) of marjoram (O. majorana), by the method of hydro-distillation made it possible to obtain an average essential oil yield of about 0.61% of which the density is low. The chemical characterization by gas chromatography highlighted the wealth of this oil in Bornéol (15.50%) and Cineol (11.33%).Keywords: essential oil (EO); O. majorana L.; cineol; bornéol; Gas chromatography; secondary metabolite

Enzymatic degradation of Congo Red by turnip (Brassica rapa) peroxidase.

Pas de DOI. Info bibliogr : http://www.znaturforsch.com/ac/v67c/67c0429.pdfInternational audienceThe enzyme peroxidase is known for its capacity to remove phenolic compounds and aromatic amines from aqueous solutions and also to decolourize textile effluents. This study aims at evaluating the potential of a turnip (Brassica rapa) peroxidase (TP) preparation in the discolouration of textile azo dyes and effluents. An azo dye, Congo Red (CR), was used as a model pollutant for treatment by the enzyme. The effects of various operating conditions like pH value, temperature, initial dye and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, contact time, and enzyme concentration were evaluated. The optimal conditions for maximal colour removal were at pH 2.0, 40 degrees C, 50 mM hydrogen peroxide, 50 mg/l CR dye, and TP activity of 0.45 U/ml within 10 min of incubation time. Analysis of the by-products from the enzymatic treatment by UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy showed no residual compounds in the aqueous phase and a precipitate of polymeric nature