Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Penyamakan Kulit Secara Biol9ogi Dengan Aerasi

Yogyakarta has many leather industries. To process a hide, these industries use many chemicals such as natrium salt, dyes, and other organic materials. Some of these chemicals will be wasted and will become an environmental pollution-problem. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of time, air flow rate, the amount of nutrition and sludge to the effectiveness of leather wastewater treatment. Waste was added with an amount of NPK, TSP and sludge, and then bubbled with air continuously. Sample of waste was taken every 2 hour, then its pH, BOD and COD were analyzed. The result of the experiments showed that the decrease of BOD and COD were influenced by air flow rate, the amount of nutrition and sludge. For 1200 mL of wastewater with the BOD about 170 mg/L and COD 410 mg/L, the optimum condition of air flow rate, NPK, TSP, and sludge are 2776 mL/min, 2 g, 1 g, and 500 mL respectively. After the treatment has been operated during 8 hours, the BOD of product was about 45 mg/L and COD about 137 mg/L. The rate equation for this biological process was also obtained. Keywords: leather wastewater, effectiveness, BOD, COD, biological proces

In vitro antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of Malaysian table salad

Six types of table salad (ulam) namely Mentha arvensis (mint), Lactuca sativa var capitata (cabbage lettuce), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), Pluchea indica Less. (beluntas), Premna cordifolia (bebuas) and Limnocharis flava L. buchenau (yellow velvetleaf) were investigated for their antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) test was also carried out for the six plants. All the plants were extracted successively with dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol (EtOH). The results showed that the DCM and EtOH extracts of L. flava displayed good antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The EtOH extract of this plant was the only one that showed inhibition against Candida albicans. P. tetragonolobus had the highest scavenging activity in both extracts, while the ethanolic extract of P. indica showed the highest phenolic contents (56.287 μg/mg). The total phenolic contents of the extracts ranged from 56.287 to 46.461 μg/mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g dry extract). The results showed that some table salads (ulam) possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and therefore, could be used as a natural preservative ingredient in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.Key words: Table salad, antimicrobial, antioxidant, disc diffusion, total phenolic content

RESULTATS DU TRAITEMENT DU VOLVULUS DU SIGMOÏDE A N’DJAMENA, TCHAD

The sigmoid colon volvulus is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in Africa. This work aimed to describe the treatment of sigmoid volvulus in N'djamena, Chad. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study realized in the General Surgery Ward of the Hopital General de Référence Nationale of N'Djamena, Chad during the period from 1/1/2010 to 31/12/2014. The records of patients operated during that period were the source of the studied data collection. The study parameters were: age, gender, physical findings and functional signs, para clinical examinations, the presence or not of colonic necrosis, the type of treatment, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Results: Sixty six cases were retained. The sigmoid volvulus constituted 9% of the operated intestinal obstruction during the study period. They were 64 men (96.7%) and 2 women (3.03%) or a sex ratio of 32/1. The clinical signs were: abdominal pain (91.2%), abdominal distension ( 88.6), and a cessation of stools and gas. (73.6%) Moreover, vomiting was found in 58 % and fever in 29,% of cases. The mean time to diagnosis was 37.7 hours (range 6 hours and 101h). The necrosis rate was 16.6% or 11 cases. The operative techniques were: resection - colostomy according Hartmann in 33 cases (50%); resection followed by immediate colo-colonic anastomosis in 23 cases (34.85%), and a simple untwisting in 10 cases (15.15%). Morbidity was 13.6% represented by two anastomotic leaks in the group of resection anastomosis, 4 parietal wall suppurations, and two medical complications. The average hospital stay was 11.2 days (range 5 days and 58 days). Mortality was 5.4%, and all concerned three patients over 60 years and with comorbidities. Conclusion: In the management of sigmoid volvulus, the Hartmann procedure is the safest method in our context. Ideal colectomy may be propsed in selected cases. The simple untwisting of the colon by laparotomy is not recommended, because of frequent relapses

RESULTATS DU TRAITEMENT DU VOLVULUS DU SIGMOÏDE A N’DJAMENA, TCHAD

The sigmoid colon volvulus is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in Africa. This work aimed to describe the treatment of sigmoid volvulus in N'djamena, Chad. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study realized in the General Surgery Ward of the Hopital General de Référence Nationale of N'Djamena, Chad during the period from 1/1/2010 to 31/12/2014. The records of patients operated during that period were the source of the studied data collection. The study parameters were: age, gender, physical findings and functional signs, para clinical examinations, the presence or not of colonic necrosis, the type of treatment, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Results: Sixty six cases were retained. The sigmoid volvulus constituted 9% of the operated intestinal obstruction during the study period. They were 64 men (96.7%) and 2 women (3.03%) or a sex ratio of 32/1. The clinical signs were: abdominal pain (91.2%), abdominal distension ( 88.6), and a cessation of stools and gas. (73.6%) Moreover, vomiting was found in 58 % and fever in 29,% of cases. The mean time to diagnosis was 37.7 hours (range 6 hours and 101h). The necrosis rate was 16.6% or 11 cases. The operative techniques were: resection - colostomy according Hartmann in 33 cases (50%); resection followed by immediate colo-colonic anastomosis in 23 cases (34.85%), and a simple untwisting in 10 cases (15.15%). Morbidity was 13.6% represented by two anastomotic leaks in the group of resection anastomosis, 4 parietal wall suppurations, and two medical complications. The average hospital stay was 11.2 days (range 5 days and 58 days). Mortality was 5.4%, and all concerned three patients over 60 years and with comorbidities. Conclusion: In the management of sigmoid volvulus, the Hartmann procedure is the safest method in our context. Ideal colectomy may be propsed in selected cases. The simple untwisting of the colon by laparotomy is not recommended, because of frequent relapses

A PDE patch-based spectral method for progressive mesh compression and mesh denoising

The development of the patchwise partial differential equation (PDE) framework a few years ago has paved the way for the PDE method to be used in mesh signal processing. In this paper, we, for the first time, extend the use of the PDE method to progressive mesh compression and mesh denoising. We, meanwhile, upgrade the existing patchwise PDE method in patch merging, mesh partitioning, and boundary extraction to accommodate mesh signal processing. In our new method, an arbitrary mesh model is partitioned into patches, each of which can be represented by a small set of coefficients of its PDE spectral solution. Since low-frequency components contribute more to the reconstructed mesh than high-frequency ones, we can achieve progressive mesh compression and mesh denoising by manipulating the frequency terms of the PDE solution. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our method in both progressive mesh compression and mesh denoising

Data for: Chemical constituents, biological activities and structure-activity relationship from the leaves of Macaranga heynei I.M. Johnson

The data contains 1D & 2D NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR and MS analyses of new compounds

Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana Anak Pelaku Pencurian dengan Pemberatan

This study aims at determining the criminal liability of theft done by children by weighting and the legal reasoning of judges in imposing juvenile criminal theft by weighting.This research was conducted in the District Court Kepanjen by conducting direct interviews with the judges who decided the case of theft by weighting performed by the children as well as taking a copy of the decision related to solving problems by weighting the crime of theft comited by children.In addition, the researcher also conducted a study of literature by means of reviewing books, literature and legislation related to problems that are discussed in the thesis of the researcher.The findings obtained from this study include: (1) Accountabillity of perpetrators of criminal child theft by weighting that is a violation of article 363,paragraph 1 (a) 3 and 5 of the criminal code (KUHp), In addition, criminal liability is imposed in a criminal act of theft by weighting performed by the defendant by not looking at the value at stake and the reason for committing a crime, but whether or not the defendant committed the crime of theft by weighting. (2) Consideration of the judge in imposing criminal laws against child criminal theft by weighting based on the evidance; that is, the testimony of witnesses and the testimony of the defendant together with the evidance submitted by the General Prosecutor and the facts revealed in the trial.In addition, the criminal sanctions given are not intended to distroy the future of a child who has committed the crime of theft by weighting. But rather to privide a deterrent effect so that the child does not repeat such actions and make the child better and beneficial to the country and nation

Data for: Chemical constituents, biological activities and structure-activity relationship from the leaves of Macaranga heynei I.M. Johnson

The data contains 1D & 2D NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR and MS analyses of new compounds.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV