Evaluation of therapeutic response of Keloid and Hypertrophic scars to bleomycin tatto and to cryotherapy followed by intralesional triamcinolone injection

کلوئید و اسکارهایپرتروفیک بیماری هایی هستند ناشی از پاسخ غیر طبیعی پوست بدن به صدمات وارده که به علت تولید بیش ازحد بافت های فیبروس متراکم در محل ضایعه ایجاد می شوند. از بین درمان های بسیار زیاد پیشنهاد شده برای این بیماری ها، کرایوتراپی و تزریق داخل ضایعه تریامسینولون جزء متداول ترین این درمان ها است، اما هنوز موفقیت درمانی در این بیماری کامل نیست. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی پاسخ درمانی کلوئید و اسکارهایپرتروفیک به تاتوی بلئومایسین و مقایسه آن با درمان معمول کرایوتراپی و تزریق داخل ضایعه تریامسینولون می باشد. بدین منظور 45 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به کلوئید و اسکارهایپرتروفیک مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه های پوست دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان بر اساس ترتیب مراجعه به دوگروه A (23 نفر) و گروه B (22 نفر) تقسیم شدند. گروه A بوسیله تاتوی بلئومایسین و گروه B بوسیله کرایوتراپی و تزریق داخل ضایعه تریامسینولون درمان شدند. درمان ها در چهار مرحله و با فواصل یک ماهه در هر دو گروه انجام شد و بیماران تا 3 ماه پس از پایان درمان پیگیری شدند. قبل و پس از درمان اندازه (شامل ضخامت و وسعت ضایعات)، علائم کلینیکی، محل و تعداد ضایعات و دیگر اطلاعات مورد نیاز ثبت و در هر گروه مقایسه گردید. پاسخ درمانی که بر اساس کاهش اندازه ضایعات نسبت به ویزیت اول تعریف شده بود، در گروه A، 14±3/88 درصد و در گروه B، 5/22±3/67 درصد به دست آمد که تفاوت معنی داری بین دوگروه مشاهده می شود (001/0P=) ضمن آنکه 69 بیماران گروه A در مقایسه با قبل از درمان بدون علامت شده بودند در حالی که تعداد کسانی که در گروه B بدون علامت شده بودند 49 درصد بود. همچنین در گروه B هر چه اندازه ضایعه بزرگتر بود پاسخ درمانی ضعیف تری به دست می آمد ولی در گروه A اندازه ضایعات تقریباً اثری در پاسخ درمانی ایجاد نکرد. نتیجه آنکه تاتوی بلئومایسین پاسخ درمانی بالائی می تواند در این بیماری ها ایجاد کند خصوصاً آنکه در ضایعات با اندازه بزرگ نیز اثر درمانی آن حفظ می شود

High expression of TIM-3 and KIM-1 in blood and urine of renal allograft rejection patients

Background-T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) is involved in alloimmune and autoimmune responses, as well as tolerance induction in kidney transplantation. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is highly expressed in epithelial cells of the injured proximal tubule. In this study, we have investigated both urinary and blood TIM-3 mRNA expressions, urinary KIM-1 mRNA expression, and urinary and serum KIM-1 proteins in renal allograft recipients diagnosed with acute allograft rejection (AR) and chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD), as well as those with well-functioning transplants (WFG). Methods: We divided 85 patients into the following groups: AR (n = 24), CAD (n = 19), and WFG (n = 42). TIM-3 and KIM-1 mRNA expressions were quantified using real-time reverse-transcription TaqMan probe polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An ELISA test was used to measure the amount of KIM-1 protein in serum and urine samples. Results: AR and CAD patients had significantly greater urinary and blood TIM-3 mRNA expressions, urinary KIM-1 mRNA expression, and urinary and serum KIM-1 proteins compared to WFG patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that these molecules discriminated Allograft rejections from WFG. Conclusion: Quantification of TIM-3 and KIM-1 mRNA expressions, along with KIM-1 protein measurements in urine and blood could be employed as promising tools for noninvasive diagnosis of allograft dysfunction

The Ability of Watercress (Nasturtiumofficinale) and Pennyroyal (Menthapulegium) in Clean up Excess Nitrate and Phosphate of Water

Introduction: There is necessary to clean up the nitrate and phosphate from surface waters before effluence of them to environment and eutrophication formation because of water health importance and considering to nitrate and phosphate consequences. Nitrate and ammonium as the - forms of inorganic and nitrogen have been subjected to the center of issues related to environment pollutants and water resources in a long time. The nitrate is more important than other inorganic nitrogen forms such as ammonium because of various reasons such as high dynamics and causing diseases such as some of digestion system and lymph nodes cancers in adults and methemoglobinemia in infants. Therefore the maximum concentration of this ion in drinking water has been determined as 45 mg.Lit-1 by WHO. Regarding the importance of the water health and the complications due to existence of some compounds such as nitrate and phosphate, in this experiment, the possibility of elimination or decreasing excess nitrate and phosphate from water in hydroponic conditions using of two watercress and pennyroyal plants was evaluated. Watercress(Nasturtiumofficinale) and pennyroyal (Menthapulegium)were selected because of some properties such as adaptability with the most climates of Iranamd less requirements care. Materials and Methods: Two RCD factorial experiments were carried out to evaluate the ability of watercress and pennyroyal to biosorption of nitrate and phosphate from polluted water in hydroponic conditions. First factor was plant species including watercress and pennyroyal. Second factor included nitrate (50, 100, 150 Mg/L) and phosphate (5, 10, 15 Mg/L) in first and second experiment respectively.The final concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in water was measured using spectrophotometer in wavelength of 410 nm and 690 nm by sulphatebrucine and chloride methods , respectively, which are mentioned in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. At the end of the each experiment, watercress and pennyroyal plants were brought out from the pots carefully and their roots and shoots were separated. Roots and shoots were placed in aluminum foil separately and were dried by oven method (50°C and 48 h). The weights of dried samples were measured by a digital balance scale (0.001 gr accuracy). Three accumulation indices including Bio-concentration Factor, Translocation Factor and Tolerance Index were calculated by measuring of nitrate and phosphate accumulation in roots and shoots Results and Discussion: According to the results, root phosphate accumulation in two plants was different significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Also, the level values of nitrate and phosphate were resulted to their root accumulation significantly. In this regard, the phosphate accumulation in watercress root changed to 10 mg. Lit-1 significantly and reached to 4.3 mg.Kg-1 dry weight in this concentration. While for pennyroyal, there was no significant increasing in roots phosphate accumulation when its concentration was increased in medium (p ≤ 0.05). Although phosphate accumulation was difference between the two plants in root and shoots, there was similar the alteration of phosphor bioconcentration trend. Because increasing of phosphate concentration resulted in significant decreasing of this index. Whilst both of watercress and pennyroyal accumulated high amount of nitrate and phosphate, quantity of accumulation in shoots was higher than of roots. Consequently, nitrate translocation factor was 1.3 in watercress and 1.07 in pennyroyal, and phosphor translocation factor was 1.07 and 0.94 in watercress and pennyroyal respectively. Conclusions: Results indicated that two plants were pollutants purified of nitrate and phosphate (The nitrate translocation factors were 1.3 and 1.07 in watercress and pennyroyal and the phosphate translocation factors were 1.07 and 094 in watercress and pennyroyal, respectively). Generally, it was found that watercress and pennyroyal have extractive behavior completely about nitrate and phosphate. Because of the high ability of these plants in biosorption of phosphate and nitrate, with recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus cycle, they can be used as organic resources of nitrogen and phosphor supply in agricultural soil and prevent from entrancing them to seas. It is more important about phosphate, which has slowly cycle. Therefore two main roles for watercress and pennyroyal in aquatic ecosystems are expected. First, perform as bio-filter and returning the nitrogen and phosphor from surface water or wastewater for preventing the environmental pollution and second as secondary saleable or utilizable crop such as green manure and so on

Expression patterns of Toll like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) in renal transplant patients developing allograft dysfunction; a cohort study

This cohort intends to determine the sequential dynamic changes in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2, and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) mRNA expressions in PBMCs and biopsy samples from kidney allograft recipients in relation to graft function. This study enrolled 52 renal transplant patients, 27 with well functioning graft (WFG) and 25 graft dysfunction (GD). Peripheral blood samples pre- and post-transplantation (days 2, 90 and 180) were collected to analyze mRNA expression levels of TLR-2, TLR-4, and MYD88 genes in relation to allograft function during one-year follow up. The mean dynamic changes of post-transplant TLR-2, TLR-4, and MYD88 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in GD compared to WFG patients (P = .001). ROC curve analysis based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) index showed the area under curve (AUC) values for the genes: TLR-2(0.89;P < .001), TLR-4(0.86;P < .001), and MYD88(0.75;P = .003) in the third month post-transplantation for GD diagnosis. The calculated AUCs for the expressions of genes in allograft biopsies were 0.94(TLR-2), 0.95(TLR-4), and 0.98(MYD88) in the sixth month post-transplant based on pathology report (P < .001). Our results indicate that sequential monitoring of the expression patterns of TLR-2, TLR-4, and MYD88 in PBMCs and biopsy samples could be considered as predictive biomarkers for early and late kidney allograft function

Vitamine D et rein

Le calcitriol et ses analogues inhibent le système rénineangiotensine- aldostérone, qui joue un rôle important dans le développement des lésions glomérulaires et tubulo-interstitielles et dans l’apparition de la protéinurie, mais aussi l’activation de la voie NF-kB qui est connue pour favoriser la maladie rénale chronique en stimulant l’inflammation et la fibrogenèse. Les effets pléiotropes de la vitamine D sont également très intéressants pour le patient insuffisant rénal (diminution de la mortalité, de la protéinurie et effets anti-inflammatoires). De plus, l’administration de vitamine D native (cholécalciférol ou ergocalciférol) diminue les concentrations sériques de parathormone. La supplémentation en vitamine D native chez l’insuffisant rénal n’entraîne pas de toxicité ni d’augmentation du risque de calcification vasculaire malgré les effets hypercalcémiants et hyperphosphorémiants de cette molécule sous sa forme active. La vitamine D per se (c’est-à-dire sans apports calciques excessifs), aux doses habituellement utilisées en clinique, n’est pas associée à une augmentation du risque de lithiase urinaire. Dans le domaine de la transplantation rénale, les études expérimentales montrent un rôle protecteur des analogues de la vitamine D contre le rejet aigu, mais les études cliniques restent à ce jour principalement observationnelles