[The Liberal Approach to Islam and Its Contractions with The Sunni] Pendekatan Liberal terhadap Islam dan Percanggahannya dengan Manhaj Ahli Sunah Waljamaah

Modernism has a great influence on contemporary human civilization. Modernization not only brings about changes in advancement of science and technology, but also challenges the credibility of religious institutions and authorities through ideologies based on secular philosophy. In the Muslim context, the “renewal” or “reform” movement, known as Liberal Islam, has emerged to give a new interpretation of Islam, deconstructing the manhaj of Ahli Sunah Waljamaah and reconstructing a new methodology in accordance with liberalism framework. Through the method of document content analysis, this paper aims at analysing the thoughts of Liberal Islam, in particular; its critical study of the history of Muslim intellectualism and its reinterpretation of the Qur’an based on hermeneutics. The results of the study show that the Liberal Islam approach is completely in conflict with the manhaj of Ahli Sunah Waljamaah which is founded on the basis of wasatiyyah, just (‘adl) and adab. The Sunnis approache has been able to put a balance between the literal-exclusive and liberal-inclusive approaches in the interpretation of Islam throughout the history of Muslim intellectualism. In conclusion, the Liberal Islam thoughts must be rejected as declared in the decision of the Malaysia Fatwa Council. Modenisme telah memberi pengaruh yang besar ke atas tamadun manusia zaman kini. Modernisasi bukan hanya membawa perubahan dalam bentuk kemajuan sains dan teknologi, tetapi turut mencabar kewibawaan institusi dan autoriti agama melalui pelbagai aliran berasaskan falsafah sekular. Dalam konteks umat Islam, gerakan “pembaharuan” atau “refomasi” yang dikenali sebagai Islam Liberal muncul memberi tafsiran baharu terhadap agama Islam, iaitu dengan merombak manhaj Ahli Sunah Waljamaah dan membina metodologi baharu selari dengan kerangka liberalisme. Melalui pendekatan analisis kandungan dokumen, makalah ini menilai pemikiran Islam Liberal, khususnya penelitian kritis terhadap sejarah intelektualisme umat Islam dan pentafsiran kembali al-Quran menggunakan kaedah hermeneutik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pendekatan Islam Liberal bercanggah sama sekali dengan manhaj Ahli Sunah Waljamaah yang sabit serta bersifat wasatiyyah iaitu adil-beradab. Ahli Sunah Waljamaah berupaya mengimbangi antara literal-ekslusif dan liberal-inklusif ketika berdepan dengan pelbagai aliran pemikiran menyeleweng sepanjang sejarah umat Islam. Disebabkan itu, pemikiran Islam Liberal perlu ditolak oleh umat Islam di Malaysia selari dengan keputusan fatwa

A ten - year study on in the intensive care unit of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan

Serangan asma teruk dan tiba-tiba adalah senario biasa di Jabatan Kecemasan dan menjadi punca kemasukan ke hospital dan unit rawatan rapi. Kajian ini mendedahkan demografi pesakit tersebut dan juga sebab mengapa mendapat serangan yang teruk. Amat panting kita mengenal pasti pesakit yang cenderung mendapat asma teruk dan mengetahui faktor-faktornya agar dapat memberi ~ rawatan optimum. Seterusnya mengurangkan kadar mobiditi dan motaliti asma. Acute exacerbation of severe asthma is a common presentation to the Emergency Department, hospital, and Intensive Care Unit admission. This study will review asthma patients that admitted into the intensive care unit of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. By studying the demographic characteristics or patients' profile, and the precipitating factors, we can predict those asthmatics that will deteriorate or develop severe asthma symptoms. This is very important and essential to prevent the morbidity and mortality and to improve the outcome

Penerimaan masyarakat terhadap aktiviti Rukun Tetangga mengikut jantina

Rukun Tetangga (RT) telah diperkenalkan pada tahun 1975. Objektif kajian secara umumnya untuk mengkaji tahap penerimaan masyarakat terhadap Rukun Tetangga. Kajian ini lebih menekankan kepada penglibatan individu dalam Rukun Tetangga, kepimpinan dalam Rukun Tetangga dan interaksi antara sesama ahli RT. Kajian ini juga adalah untuk mengenal pasti adakah Rukun Tetangga dapat diterima oleh masyarakat terutama melalui penerimaan dari segi jantina dan juga pemahaman penduduk terhadap RT seterusnya penglibatan mereka di dalamnya. Seramai 1866 orang responden telah dipilih berpandukan senarai Rukun Tetangga yang berdaftar yang didapati dari Jabatan Perpaduan Negara. Kajian ini meliputi kawasan negeri-negeri Utara di Malaysia iaitu Kedah. Responden telah menjwab soal selidik yang diberikan kepada mereka melalui kiriman pos. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian tinjuan . Instrumen yang digunakan ialah IBM SPSS 20.0 untuk menganalisis hasil penyelidikan. Dapatan kajian mengatakan responden lelaki melebihi dari responden perempuan iaitu sebanyak 57.4% dan 42.6%. Selain itu, kajian mendapati purata mean rank untuk lelaki melebih perempuan iaitu 955.84 dan 903.34 dalam ‘ Bebanan kerja bukanlah menghalang saya daripada melakukan aktviti RT. Bagi ‘Hubungan RT di kalangan saya dengan persatuan penduduk yang lain adalah sangat erat’ lebih sipersetujui oleh lelaki iaitu purata mean ialah 968.66 dan wanita pula 886.02. Oleh itu, kajian ini diharap dapat memberikan manfaat kepada semua pihak yang berkenaan dan semangat bekerjasama antara ini juga dapat membuktikan bahawa masyarakat masih mengekalkan budaya tradisional masyarakat Melayu

Un modelo integrado para el enrutamiento de aeronaves y la programación de la tripulación: Relajación lagrangiana y algoritmo metaheurístico

[EN] Airline optimization is a significant problem in recent researches and airline industryl as it can determine the level of service, profit and competition status of the airline. Aircraft and crew are expensive resources that need efficient utilization. This paper focuses simultaneously on two major issues including aircraft maintenance routing and crew scheduling. Several key issues such as aircraft replacement, fairly night flights assignment and long-life aircrafts are considered in this model. We used the flight hours as a new framework to control aircraft maintenance. At first, an integrated mathematical model for aircraft routing and crew scheduling problems is developed with the aim of cost minimization. Then, Lagrangian relaxation and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) are used as the solution techniques. To evaluate the efficiency of solution approaches, model is solved with different numerical examples in small, medium and large sizes and compared with GAMS output. The results show that Lagrangian relaxation method provides better solutions comparing to PSO and also has a very small gap to optimum solution.[ES] La optimización de aerolíneas es un problema importante en investigaciones recientes e industria de aerolíneas, ya que puede determinar el nivel de servicio, el beneficio y el estado de competencia de la aerolínea. Las aeronaves y la tripulación son recursos costosos que necesitan una utilización eficiente. Este artículo se centra simultáneamente en dos cuestiones principales, incluyendo el enrutamiento de mantenimiento de aeronaves y la programación de la tripulación. En este modelo se consideran varios temas clave, como el reemplazo de aeronaves, la asignación de vuelos nocturnos y los aviones envejecidos. Usamos las horas de vuelo como un nuevo marco para controlar el mantenimiento de las aeronaves. Al principio, se desarrolla un modelo matemático integrado para el enrutamiento de aeronaves y los problemas de programación de la tripulación con el objetivo de la minimización de costos. A continuación, se utilizan como técnicas de solución la relajación lagran-giana y el algoritmo “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO). Para evaluar la eficiencia de los en-foques de la solución, el modelo se resuelve con diferentes ejemplos numéricos en tamaños pequeños, medianos y grandes y se compara con la salida GAMS. Los resultados muestran que el método de relajación lagrangiana proporciona mejores soluciones en comparación con PSO y también tiene una pequeña diferencia para una solución óptimaMirjafari, M.; Rashidi Komijan, A.; Shoja, A. (2020). An integrated model for aircraft routing and crew scheduling: Lagrangian Relaxation and metaheuristic algorithm. WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management. 11(1):25-38. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v11i1.12891OJS2538111Al-Thani, Nayla Ahmad, Ben Ahmed, Mohamed and Haouari, Mohamed (2016). A model and optimization-based heuristic for the operational aircraft maintenance routing problem, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Volume 72, Pages 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.09.004Azadeh, A., HosseinabadiFarahani, M., Eivazy, H., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S., &Asadipour, G. (2013). A hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for optimization of crew scheduling, Applied Soft Computing, Volume 13, Pages 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2012.08.012Barnhart C. and Cohn, A. (2004). Airline schedule planning: Accomplishments and opportunities, Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 6(1):3-22, 47, 69, 141, 144. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.1030.0018Basdere, Mehmet and Bilge, Umit (2014). Operational aircraft maintenance routing problem with remaining time consideration, European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 235, Pages 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.10.066Bazargan, Massoud (2010). Airline Operations and scheduling second edition, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA, Ashgate publishing limite.Belien, Jeroen, Demeulemeester, Eric and Brecht (2010). Integrated staffing and scheduling for an aircraft line maintenance problem, HUB RESEARCH PAPER Economics & Management.Ben Ahmed, M., Zeghal Mansour, Farah and Haouari, Mohamed (2018). Robust integrated maintenance aircraft routing and crew pairing, Journal of Air Transport Management, Volume 73, Pages 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2018.07.007Ben Ahmed, M., Zeghal Mansour, F., Haouari, M. (2017). A two-level optimization approach for robust aircraft routing and retiming, Computers and Industrial Engineering, Volume 112, Pages 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.09.021Borndorfer, R., Schelten, U., Schlechte, T., Weider, S. (2006). A column generation approach to airline crew scheduling, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Pages 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32539-5_54Clarke, L., E. Johnson, G. Nemhauser, Z. Zhu. (1997). The Aircraft Rotation Problem. Annals of Operations Research, 69, Pages 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018945415148Deveci, Muhammet and ÇetinDemirel, Nihan (2018). Evolutionary algorithms for solving the airline crew pairing problem, Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 115, Pages 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2017.11.022Dozic, S., Kalic, M. (2015). Three-stage airline fleet planning model, J. Air Transport. Manag, 43, Pages 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2015.03.011Eltoukhy, A.E., Chan, F.T., Chung, S. (2017). Airline schedule planning: a review and future directions, Ind. Manag. Data Syst, 117(6), Pages 1201-1243. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2016-0358Feo, T. A., J. F. Bard. (1989). Flight Scheduling and Maintenance Base Planning. Management Science, 35(12), Pages 1415-1432. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.12.1415Goffin, J. L. (1977). On the convergence rates of subgradient optimization methods. Math. Programming, 13, Pages 329-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01584346Gopalakrishnan, B., Johnson, E. L (2005). Airline crew scheduling, State-of-the-art. Ann. Oper. Res, 140(1), Pages 305-337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-005-3975-3Held, M. and Karp, R.M. (1970). The Traveling-Salesman Problem and Minimum SpanningTrees. Operations Research, 18, 1138-1162. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.18.6.1138Held, M. Wolfe, P., Crowder, H. D. (1974). Validation of subgradient optimization, Math. Programming, 6, 62-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01580223Jamili, Amin (2017). A robust mathematical model and heuristic algorithms for integrated aircraft routing and scheduling, with consideration of fleet assignment problem, Journal of Air Transport Management, Volume 58, Pages 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.08.008Jiang, H., Barnhart, C. (2009) Dynamic airline scheduling, Transport. Sci, 43(3), Pages 336-354. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1090.0269Kasirzadeh, A., Saddoune, M., Soumis, F. (2015). Airline crew scheduling: models, algorhitms and data sets, Euro Journal on Transportation and Logistics, 6(2), Pages 111-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-015-0080-xLacasse-Guay, E., Desaulniers, G., Soumis, F. (2010). Aircraft routing under different business processes, J. Air Transport. Manag, 16(5), Pages 258-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2010.02.001Muter, İbrahim, Birbil, Ş. İlker, Bülbül, Kerem, Şahin, Güvenç,Yenigün, Hüsnü, Taş,Duygu andTüzün, Dilek (2013). Solving a robust airline crew pairing problem with column generation, Computers & Operations Research, Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 815-830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2010.11.005Saddoune, Mohammed, Desaulniers, Guy, Elhallaoui, Issmail and François Soumis (2011). Integrated airline crew scheduling: A bi-dynamic constraint aggregation method using neighborhoods, European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 212, Pages 445-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2011.02.009Safaei, Nima and K.S.Jardine, Andrew (2018). Aircraft routing with generalized maintenance constraints, Omega, Volume 80, Pages 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2017.08.013Shao Shengzhi (2012). Integrated Aircraft Fleeting, Routing, and Crew Pairing Models and Algorithms for the Airline Industry, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Industrial and Systems Engineering.Shao, S., Sherali, H.D., Haouari, M. (2017). A novel model and decomposition approach for the integrated airline fleet assignment, aircraft routing, crew pairing problem, Transport. Sci, 51(1), Pages 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2015.0623Sherali, H.D., Bish, E.K., Zhu, X. (2006). Airline fleet assignment concepts, models and algorithms, Eur. J. Oper. Res, 172(1), Pages 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.01.056Warburg, V., Hansen, T.G., Larsen, A., Norman, H., Andersson, E. (2008). Dynamic airline scheduling: an analysis of potentials of refleeting and retiming, J. Air Transport. Manag. 14(4), Pages 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.03.004Yan, C. and Kung, J. (2018). 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Kajian perbandaran : Kes study Chow Kit / Ahmad Rashidi Husain

Salah satu bandar atau ternpat yang begitu menarik dan mempunyai penguniung yanq ramai adalah persekitaran Chow Kit. Fenomena ini menjadi tandatanva kepada golongan perancang dan pelajar terhadap kesan-kesan apakah yang menghasilkan situasi menarik ini

Decolorization of the dye reactive black 5 using Fenton oxidation

Study on the effect of Fenton process on decolorization and mineralization of RB-5 in aqueous solution is presented in this work. Batch experiments were carried out to find the optimal operational conditions including pH, temperature, H2O2 dosage, FeSO4 dosage and RB-5 concentration at low cost. Degradation of RB-5 dye as an organic pollutant was monitored based on decolorization and mineralization extents of the model solution determined by UV-vis spectrophotometric and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis respectively. Optimum pH and temperature for 250 mg/L RB-5 were observed at 3.0 and 40°C respectively and using 50 mg/L of FeSO4 and 300 mg/L of H2O2 resulted in generation of 58.9% COD and 97% color removal after 10 min reaction by Fenton. It is concluded that Fenton process can provide better result for decolorization compared to COD removal in the treatment of textile effluent.Keywords: Decolorization, black 5, Fenton oxidation, dyeAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(26), pp. 4115-412

Melioidosis: a rare cause of anterior chest wall abscess

AbstractMelioidosis is an unusual tropical infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which was formerly known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Melioidosis is characterized by abscess formation and it may manifest in any part of the human body, however, musculoskeletel melioidosis is uncommon and chest wall melioidosis is very rare. To determine the exact organism based solely on clinical presentation poses a great challenge to the physician. Yet, delay administration of antibiotic may be harmful. We describe a diabetic patient who had anterior chest wall melioidosis that mimics Staphylococcus aureus infection. A description of his presentation and management, along with a review of literature is presented

Assessment of Vegetation Variation on Primarily Creation Zones of the Dust Storms Around the Euphrates Using Remote Sensing Images

Recently, period frequency and effect domain of the dust storms that enter Iran from Iraq have increased. In this study, in addition to detecting the creation zones of the dust storms, the effect of vegetation cover variation on their creation was investigated using remote sensing. Moderate resolution image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM5) have been utilized to identify the primarily creation zones of the dust storms and to assess the vegetation cover variation, respectively. Vegetation cover variation was studied using Normalized Differences Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from band 3 and band 4 of the Landsate satellite. The results showed that the surrounding area of the Euphrates in Syria, the desert in the vicinity of this river in Iraq, including the deserts of Alanbar Province, and the north deserts of Saudi Arabia are the primarily creation zones of the dust storms entering west and south west of Iran. The results of NDVI showed that excluding the deserts in the border of Syria and Iraq, the area with very weak vegetation cover have increased between 2.44% and 20.65% from 1991 to 2009. In the meanwhile, the retention pound surface areas in the south deserts of Syria as well as the deserts in its border with Iraq have decreased 6320 and 4397 hectares, respectively. As it can be concluded from the findings, one of the main environmental parameters initiating these dust storms is the decrease in the vegetation cover in their primarily creation zones

Investigation of pouring temperature and holding time for semisolid metal feedstock production

Semisolid metal (SSM) processing, as a kind of new technology that exploits forming of alloys between solidus and liquidus temperatures, has attracted great attention from investigators for its thixotropic behaviour as well as having advantages in reducing porosity, macrosegregation, and forming forces during shaping process. Various techniques are employed to produce feedstock with fine globular microstructures, and direct thermal method is one of them. In this paper, the effect from different pouring temperatures and holding times using a direct thermal method on microstructure and hardness of aluminium alloy 6061 is presented. Molten aluminium alloy 6061 was poured into a cylindrical copper mould and cooled down to the semisolid temperature before being quenched in water at room temperature. The effect of different pouring temperatures of 660 °C, 680 °C, 700 °C, and holding time of 20 s, and 60 s on the microstructure of aluminium alloy 6061 were investigated. From the micrographs, it was found that the most globular structures were achieved at processing parameters of 660 °C pouring temperature and 60 s holding time. The highest density and hardness of the samples were found at the same processing parameters. It can be concluded that the most spheroidal microstructure, the highest density, and the hardness were recorded at lower pouring temperature and longer holding time

Preliminary Study of Stabilization of Peat Soil Using Effective Microorganism

Peat soil is well known as problematic soil because of its poor geotechnical properties such as high water content, low shear strength, high organic matter, low bearing capacity and high compressibility. These properties make the soil as one of the most difficult soils to deal with for peat soil causes excessive settlement under constant load. Due to these geotechnical issues of the peat soil, improvement of the soil is essential in order to enhance its engineering properties so that the soil can act as soil foundation. In this research, Effective Microorganism (EM) is used as the soil stabilizer in order to investigate the optimum mix proportion of EM as the stabilizing agent on peat soil. The objective of this research is to determine the strength effects of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of EM concentration with a constant optimum moisture content which is 43.5%. Basic soil tests such as moisture content, specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit and compaction test together with a series of unconfined compression tests were conducted on the peat soil mixtures