ALGAS MARINAS DE LA REGIÓN CENTRAL DE QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO

Twenty-four collections from eight samplesites of the central region of the state Quintana Roo, Mexico, were sampledduring 1986. A total of 223 species wereidentified, of wich 118 species areRhodophyta, 27 Phaeophyta and 78Chlorophyta. 134 species (59 %)represented new recorded for centralQuintana Roo. The floristic list include dataon reproductive state, substrate andephyfitism. The families Rhodomelaceae,Corallinaceae, Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta),Dictyotaceae (Phaeophyta), Caulerpaceaeand Udoteaceae (Chlorophyta) were themost representated in both number ofspecies and frequency of occurrence in thesampl ing sites.Se llevaron a cabo 24 muestreos de algasmarinas bentónicas en ocho sitios de la regióncentral del estado de Quintana Roo, México,durante 1986. Se determinaron 223 especies,de las cuales 118 son Rhodophyta, 27Phaeophyta y 78 Chlorophyta. 134 especies(59%) se citan por primera vez para el área deestudio. Se presenta una lista florística,incluye la ocurrencia de las especies, estadioreproductivo, sustrato y epifitismo asociadoa ellas. Las familias Rhodomelaceae,Corallinaceae, Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta),Dictyotaceae (Phaeophyta), Caulerpaceae yUdoteaceae (Cplorophyta) fueron las másrepresentativas en cuanto a número deespecies y frecuencia en los sitios demuestreo

El género Porphyra (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) en la costa Pacífico de México. II. Porphyra thuretii Setchell et Dawson

Occurrence and seasonality of Porphyra thuretii Setchell et Dawson (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) is recorded for the Pacific coast of Mexico, based on sampling conducted in 1997, 2001 and 2002, and those deposited in national and foreign herbaria. P. thuretii is reported for first time for the coast of Sinaloa, México. We describe details of morfpho-anatomic characters and reproductive structures of the thallus, as well as its habitat and geographic distribution.Se registra la presencia y estacionalidad de Porphyra thuretii Setchell et Dawson (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta)para la costa del Pacífico de México, con base en material recolectado durante 1997, 2001 y 2002, y deejemplares depositados en herbarios nacionales y extranjeros. Se registra por primera vez a P. thuretii para la costa del estado de Sinaloa, México. Se describen en forma detallada los caracteres morfo-anatómicos yestructuras reproductoras de los talos; así como su hábitat y distribución geográfica

NUEVOS REGISTROS Y ALGUNAS NOTAS PARA LA FLORA ALGAL MARINA DE LA COSTA OCCIDENTAL DEL ESTADO DE BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO

Based on samples collected on the westerncoast of Baja California during 1990, 1996 and1997. Prasinocladus ascus Proskauer,Feldmannia hemispherica (Saunders)Hollenberg, Spongonema tomentosum(Hudson) Kutzing, Prasinocladus ascusProskauer and Prasinocladus marinus(Cyenkowski) Waern, are reported for the firsttime for the Mexican Pacific coast. Themorphology, reproductive stage, habitat andgeographic distribution are presented for eachspecies.Con base en el material recolectado en lacosta occidental del estado de Baja California,durante 1990, 1996 y 1997. Se citan por primeravez a Feldmannia hemispherica (Saunders)Hollenberg, Spongonema tomentosum(Hudson) Kutzing, Prasinocladus ascusProskauer y Prasinocladus marinus(Cyenkowski) Waern, para la costa del Pacíficode México. Cada especie se presenta condatos relativos a su morfología, estadioreproductivo, hábitat y distribucióngeográfica

El género Porphyra (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) en la costa Pacífico de México. III. Porphyra gardneri (G. M. Smith et Hollenberg) Hawkes

The occurrence and seasonality of Porphyra gardneri (G. M. Smith et Hollenberg) Hawkes (Bangiaceae,Rhodophyta) is recorded for the Pacific coast of México on the basis of field trips to the western coast of Baja California, conducted in 1992, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003. Specimens previously deposited in various herbaria were also examined. Populations from Islas de Todos Santos, Caminitos and La Bufadora, are new records of P. gardneri from western Baja California and they represent the southern limit of this species along the Pacific coast of North America. The small size, low frequency and epiphytic character of P. gardneri could be the reasons for its poor presence in floristic studies previously done in Baja California. We describe in detail the vegetative and reproductive structures on the thallus as well as the habitat and geographic distribution of the species.Se registra la presencia y estacionalidad de Porphyra gardneri (G. M. Smith et Hollenberg) Hawkes(Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) para la costa del Pacífico de México, con base en material recolectado en la costa occidental de Baja California, durante 1992, 1995, 2001, 2002 y 2003; además de ejemplares depositados en herbarios. Las poblaciones localizadas en las Islas de Todos Santos, Caminitos y La Bufadora, representan poblaciones nuevas de P. gardneri para la costa occidental de Baja California y además, definen el límite sur de ésta especie en el Pacífico de Norteamérica. La escasa presencia, tamaño y carácter epifítico de las plantas de P. gardneri, probablemente sean las causas del porque no se haya registrado con una mayor frecuencia, ya que la mayoría de los especímenes recolectados consisten de talos pequeños. Se describen en detalle los caracteres morfo-anatómicos y estructuras reproductoras de los talos; así como su hábitat y distribución geográfica de la especie

Primer registro de la especie japonesa Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) en la costa del Pacífico mexicano

Floristic surveys were conducted in November 2008, in which we collected specimens of Grateloupia turuturu, growing attached to different substrata in Ensenada Port, Baja California, Mexico. From this finding, monthly observations were performed until July 2010 to find a possible displacement. Populations with specimens average length of 40 cm were commonly found in the harbor. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses of plastid rbcL gene sequences, we confirmed the taxonomic identity of G. turuturu. We present the first record of G. turuturu as introduced species in the Mexican Pacific coast. Considering this new finding in Mexico, we conclude that the colonization by this species in the Pacific coast has started, and hence its geographical range of distribution is increasing. Likewise, we found Grateloupia californica, and it is discuss its presences on Baja California coast.Se realizaron muestreos florísticos en noviembre de 2008, en los que se recolectaron ejemplares de Grateloupia turuturu creciendo adheridos a diferentes substratos en el puerto de Ensenada, Baja California, México. A partir de este hallazgo, se realizaron observaciones mensuales hasta julio de 2010 para conocer su posible desplazamiento. Poblaciones con especímenes de longitud promedio de 40 cm se encontraron con alta frecuencia en el puerto. Los análisis morfológicos y moleculares de las secuencias del gen rbcL de plastidios confirman la identidad taxonómica de G. turuturu. Se presenta el primer registro de G. turuturu como especie introducida en la costa del Pacífico mexicano. Considerando este nuevo hallazgo, concluimos que la colonización por esta especie en la costa del Pacífico mexicano ha iniciado y con ello se amplía su rango de distribución geográfica. Así mismo, durante los muestreos se encontró a Grateloupia californica de la cual se discute su presencia en las costas de Baja California

El género Porphyra (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) en la costa del Pacífico de México. IV. Porphyra pendula E.Y. Dawson

The occurrence and seasonality of Porphyra pendula E.Y. Dawson (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) in its macroscopic phase, is reported for the Pacific coast of Mexico, based on sampling conducted during November 2002 to May 2003, and specimens housed in national and foreign herbaria. We describe in detail the vegetative and reproductive structure of the thallus, as well as its habitat and geographic distribution of the species. The specimens of P. pendula from Isla Carmen, Los Planes and Calerita, represent newly reported populations from the Gulf of California. Based on data obtained from herbarium specimens and observations of a population in Calerita, Baja California Sur, we concluded that P. pendula, in its macroscopic phase, is a seasonal species occurring from January to March (winter to the beginning of spring).Se registra la presencia y estacionalidad de la fase macroscópica de Porphyra pendula E.Y. Dawson (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) para la costa del Pacífico de México, con base en material recolectado durante el periodo de noviembre del 2002 a mayo del 2003 y un análisis de ejemplares depositados en herbarios nacionales y extranjeros. Se describen en forma detallada los caracteres morfo-anatómicos y estructuras reproductoras de los talos; así como su hábitat y distribución geográfica. Los especímenes de P. pendula de Isla Carmen, Los Planes y Calerita representan poblaciones nuevas de ésta especie en el Golfo de California. Considerando la revisión de especimenes de herbario y el seguimiento de una población en Calerita, Baja California Sur, se determinó que la estacionalidad de P. pendula en su fase macroscópica es de enero a marzo (invierno-principios de primavera)

DOS NUEVOS REGISTROS DEL GÉNERO VAUCHERIA A.P. DE CANDOLLE (VAUCHERIACEAE, XANTHOPHYCEAE) PARA LA COSTA DEL PACÍFICO DE MÉXICO

Two new records of the genus Vaucheria arereported for the Pacific Coast of Mexico fromBaja California and Guerrero. Vaucherialongicaulis Hoppaugh and V. velutina C.Agardh (Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae) were collected in September 1995 and May2000. Data concerning the morphology,reproductive stage, habitat and distributionas well as drawings are presented.Se registra por primera vez a Vaucherialongicaulis Hoppaugh y Vaucheria velutinaC. Agardh (Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae)para la costa del Pacífico de México, conbase en el material recolectado en la costaoccidental de Baja California y Guerrero,durante septiembre 1995 y mayo del 2000.Se describen en forma detallada los talos, asícomo su hábitat y distribución en el PacíficoMexicano

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life