Factores de riesgo relacionados al bullying en los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión

En: Big Bang faustiniano : revista de investigación científica, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 42-45Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo significativos del bullying en los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión de Huacho. Métodos: La población estuvo conformada por 11000 estudiantes matriculados en el semestre académico 2014-I en la Sede de Huacho de las 12 Facultades y se tomó un muestreo aleatorio simple de 260 estudiantes. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recopilación de datos fueron, el bullying la escala de Lyn Quine adecuado al contexto universitario mediante una escala de autoreporte, según Quine (2003) esta escala permite estimar el comportamiento persistente, ofensivo, abusivo intimidatorio, malicioso o insultante, abuso de poder lo cual hace que el receptor se sienta perturbado, amenazado, humillado o vulnerable afectando su integridad personal y para la disfunción familiar se empleó la ficha técnica del Doctor Smilkstein, Gabriel evaluando cinco funciones básicas: adaptación, participación, ganancia, afecto y recursos. Resultados: El 43,1% fueron estudiantes varones y 56,9% mujeres; sus edades estuvieron comprendidas entre 16 y 27 años siendo el promedio 19 años, el 21,2 % de los estudiantes han sufrido de bullying y el nivel de disfunción familiar distribuido: Grave, 10,8%; Leve con un 29,2% y Familia Funcional con 60,0%. Conclusiones: La edad está relacionada con la presencia del bullying verbal y la disfunción familiar con la presencia del bullying psicológico con un nivel de confianza del 95%. El factor de riesgo asociado al bullying en el género femenino fue la disfunción familiar

Sistema de razonamiento basado en casos, para la mejora de atención de salud en un centro rural

TesisDiseña un modelo de sistema utilizando el razonamiento basado en casos (RBC) como apoyo al médico, para diagnosticar enfermedades más comunes en pobladores de un centro rural, con la finalidad de paliar en parte las necesidades básicas de salud en aquellos lugares

Construcción mediante software del modelo semántico de un plan de estudios educacional

Objetivo: Construir mediante software el modelo semántico de un plan de estudios de una carrera profesional. Metodología: Investigación no experimental, descriptiva y de tipo tecnológico, cuyo método se inicia con el modelamiento del proceso ontológico, construyendo los conceptos más importantes de un plan de estudios, partiendo de la información descriptiva de los datos y culminando con un prototipo que represente el modelo semántico del plan de estudios, desarrollado mediante un software editor de ontologías denominado Protégé, el cual es de código abierto (open source), utilizado para la construcción de sistemas inteligentes y brindado por la Universidad de Stanford de forma gratuita (https://protege.stanford.edu/). Se tomó como población en estudio a los egresados de la primera promoción de la Escuela Profesional de Estadística e Informática, probando la ontología creada en los aspectos más preponderantes dentro del contexto en que se relaciona un plan de estudios para la educación superior, teniendo en consideración los lineamientos del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación, Acreditación y Certificación de la Calidad Educativa (SINEACE). Resultados: Se construyó mediante software editor de ontologías el modelo semántico del plan de estudios conjuntamente con sus propiedades, instancias y relaciones entre todas ellas, tomando como referencia el Plan de Estudios de la Escuela Profesional de Estadística e Informática. Conclusiones El modelo creado permite evaluar indagar o hacer consultas respecto a las características propias del plan de estudios y observar el cumplimiento de algunos parámetros establecidos por el SINEACETesi

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally