A supplement containing multiple types of gluconeogenic substrates alters intake but not productivity of heat-stressed Afshari lambs

Citation: Mahjoubi, E., Amanlou, H., Yazdi, M. H., Aghaziarati, N., Noori, G. R., Vahl, C. I., . . . Baumgard, L. H. (2016). A supplement containing multiple types of gluconeogenic substrates alters intake but not productivity of heat-stressed Afshari lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 94(6), 2497-2505. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9697Thirty-two Afshari lambs were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate a nutritional supplement designed to provide multiple gluconeogenic precursors during heat stress (HS). Lambs were housed in thermal neutral (TN) conditions and fed ad libitum for 8 d to obtain covariate data (period 1 [P1]) for the subsequent experimental period (period 2 [P2]). During P2, which lasted 9 d, half of the lambs were subjected to HS and the other 16 lambs were maintained in TN conditions but pair fed (PFTN) to the HS lambs. Half of the lambs in each thermal regime were fed (top-dressed) 100 g/d of a feed supplement designed to provide gluconeogenic precursors (8 lambs in HS [heat stress with Glukosa {HSG}] and 8 lambs in PFTN [pair-fed thermal neutral with Glukosa]) and the other lambs in both thermal regimes were fed only the basal control diet (HS without Glukosa [HSC] and pair-fed thermal neutral without Glukosa). Heat stress decreased DMI (14%) and by design there were no differences between the thermal treatments, but HSG lambs had increased DMI (7.5%; P < 0.05) compared with the HSC lambs. Compared with PFTN lambs, rectal temperature and skin temperature at the rump, shoulder, and legs of HS lambs were increased (P < 0.05) at 0700 and 1400 h. Rectal temperature at 1400 h decreased for HSG lambs (0.15 +/- 0.03 degrees C; P < 0.05) compared with HSC lambs. Despite similar DMI between thermal treatments, ADG for HS and PFTN lambs in P2 was decreased 55 and 85%, respectively, compared with lambs in P1 (P < 0.01). Although the prefeeding glucose concentration was not affected by thermal treatment or diet, HSG lambs had increased postfeeding glucose concentration compared with HSC lambs (P < 0.05). In contrast to the glucose responses, circulating insulin was influenced only by thermal treatment; HS lambs had increased insulin concentration (P < 0.01) before feeding and decreased concentration (P < 0.05) after feeding compared with PFTN lambs. Heat-stressed lambs had decreased NEFA concentration before feeding (P < 0.01) but not after feeding relative to PFTN lambs. Although this nutritional strategy did not affect ADG, the lower rectal temperature in HSG lambs indicates that dietary inclusion of a mixture of glucogenic precursors can potentially benefit animal health during HS

The Roles of Parenting Styles of Mothers in Predicting Behavioral Problems in Adolescents

Background and Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the roles of parenting styles in predicting behavioral problems in adolescents in Isfahan.  Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, we selected 120 mothers with adolescent children who visited counseling centers in Isfahan from November to February 2019 using purposive sampling, and they responded to Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory (1973) and the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (parental form). We analyzed data using multiple regression and correlation coefficients.  Results: The results indicated that there were significant negative relationships between isolation/depression and aggressive behavior with a permissive parenting style, and between social problems and rule-breaking behavior with an authoritarian parenting style. The permissive parenting style could predict isolation/depression (P=0.05) and aggressive behavior (P=0.01). The authoritarian parenting style also predicted social problems (P=0.01) and rule-breaking behavior (P=0.01), and the authoritative parenting style predicted aggressive behavior (P=0.05).  Conclusion: The results indicated that permissive and authoritarian parenting styles led to more psychological feedback of adolescents with isolation/depression problems, social problems, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior

Effects of Increasing Prepartum Dietary Protein Level Using Poultry by-Product Meal on Productive Performance and Health of Multiparous

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two levels of crude protein using poultry by-product meals (PBPM) fed during late gestation on the performance, blood metabolites, and colostrum composition of Holstein dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous cows 26±6 d before expected calving were assigned randomly to two treatments containing 1) 14% and 2) 16% crude protein. The cow’s BCS was 3.56 ± 0.5 on average, at the beginning of the trial. Yields of milk, protein, lactose, fat, and SNF were not affected by prepartum dietary CP level. Colostrum composition (fat, CP and Total solids), blood metabolites (Ca, Glucose, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin and Urea N), and metabolic diseases incidence were not influenced by prepartum dietary CP level. There was no significant difference between treatments in body weight and BCS changes. As expected, blood urea N before calving was higher in the cows fed 16% CP diets. Serum cholesterol during prepartum and postpartum periods was significantly decreased as the CP increased in the diet. In general, although postpartum glucose level increased in cows which received 16% CP in the diet, it seems that no other obvious advantages over feeding the 14% CP diet are apparent. So feeding this last diet is recommended to close up cows

Effect of Replacing Alfalfa Hay with Alfalfa Silage in High Performance Dairy Cattle Diets

Four-handed fifty lactating Holstein cows with mean body weight of, 597± 40 and 50±20 and days in milk body Condi from sure of 3.1±0.4 were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 3 treatments. Each treatment had 3 pens and each pen had 50 cows. The experiment lasted for 60 days (10 days adaptation and 50 days collection period). Concentrate to forage ratio was 60 to 40 and alfalfa hay replaced with alfalfa silage. Dry mater intake, milk yield and composition did not changed significantly due to complete replacement of alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage. Milk urea nitrogen increased significantly (15.85 vs 14.69 mg/dl) when alfalfa silage was replaced with alfalfa hay. Rumen pH were similar in all treatments and higher than 6.0 of alfalfa silage diet. The result of this experiment indicated that in TMR based ration alfalfa hay can replaced completely with the alfalfa silage