Comparison of pain observed with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine based root canal irrigant 24 hours post appointment

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine, in reduction of frequency in pain 24 hours after endodontic treatment of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis Study design and Setting: Randomized Clinical Trial conducted –removed for blind review--from July 2018 to December 2018. Methodology: A total of 60 patients requiring management of chronic apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis were randomly allocated by lottery method to two groups of 30 each according to the irrigating solution employed: Group A (2.5% sodium hypochlorite) or Group B (2% chlorhexidine gluconate). To assess inter-appointment pain, a questionnaire with visual analogue scale was filled out by the patient at 24 hours after the procedure. The Chi-square test was used to compare the effectiveness between the two irrigation solutions.  Results: Group A (2.5% sodium hypochlorite) was effective in 83.3% cases i.e. no or mild pain compared to 76.7% in group B (2% chlorhexidine). In group A, 5(16.7%) patients suffered pain compared to 7(23.3%) in group B. This difference in pain was statistically insignificant. (p-value 0.519). Conclusion: Both 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine were equally effective in minimizing pain 24 hours post endodontic treatment. Keywords: Chlorhexidine gluconate, Sodium hypochlorite, Flare u

Analysing the Return on Asset to Construct Foretelling Indicator for Bangladeshi Banking Sector

Financial institutions and banks are required to follow mechanisms to monitor the positions and create stimulas for sensible risk-taking by divisions a well as individuals. Risk measurement comprises of the quantification of risk exposures, whereas risk management demonstrates to the overall procedures by which managers fulfill these needs to identify the risks and recognise the category of the risks it faces. This research targerts on the economic instability faced by banks in financial arena in terms of the crises affairs in regard of economic distress. Here, the methodology followed is based on the CAMELS framework variables. CAMELS is a short form stands for: capital adequacy (C), asset (A), management (M), earnings (E), liquidity (L) and sensitivity to market risk (S). Based on these nomenclature, a couple of variables should be selected, such as capital asset ratio, cost income ratio, non-performing loan, non-interest income as component series and return on asset (ROA) as the reference series to identify turning points of economic volatility in banking sector of Bangladesh. Thus, by forecasting the directional deviations it could make financial policymakers aware of the changes at early stage in financial markets and banking industry and privilege them to undertake precautionary steps for preventive purposes. The constructed MPI should have a incredible lead time of about 5 to 7 months on an average in case of prediction against leading for the reference series. By renovating financial efficacy of venture banks, Bangladesh also should recover their subsequent banking system to execute these suggestions

Bitcoin's Highest Volatility Trend Analysis Since the COVID-19 Crash: Way out to FinTech Perspective

This research finds that the bitcoin’s (BTC) volatility is higher than normal. Bitcoin’s realized volatility has reached the levels as high as March-2020, the duration of month in which Bitcoin crashed for COVID. During bull runs, price fluctuations are the more common because investors cash out next to different points. More enormous volatility creating greater magnitude of change in prices of the bitcoin. It is implicit that this downward can go to upward eventually. Despite bitcoin’s explicit volatility, it has already outperformed the other assets, such as the gold, during previous year. Overall this volatility of bitcoin is chronologically going down: as price and the market cap of cryptocurrency has already increased over time, the explicit volatility of this asset shows fluctuating trend. During previous year, Bitcoin along with other cryptocurrencies are at upward but fluctuating trend and performing comparatively better opposite to traditional. This study finds way out to remedy through fintech perspective for volatility to overcome

An Investigation of Materialism and Life Satisfaction

Abstract The collectivistic culture of Pakistan is perforating with hedonic, modern and lavishing values. People are becoming more concerned with material aspirations and accumulation of wealth. The aim of present study is to investigate the relationship between materialism and life satisfaction among Pakistani individuals. A sample of (N=104) Muslim individuals were recruited through random sampling technique from different areas of Karachi city. Their age ranged from 16-46 years (M= 1.60, S.D=.854). The individuals were administered Richins Material values scale (2004) and Diener et al. [G1] the Satisfaction with Life Scale (1985).  A significant positive relationship was obtained between materialism and life satisfaction (r=.273, p< .01). The future implementation of strategies for promotion of wellbeing of Pakistani individuals is discussed in the light of findings of present study.Keywords: Materialism, Life Satisfaction, Muslim, Karachi, Pakistan

Review Paper on Composite Leading Index Creation for Forecasting the Bangladeshi Financial Sector

In perspective of the economic vulnerability faced by banks in financial sector, this study mirrors the methodology used by Shumway (2001) – the dynamic hazard model that is able to forecast systemic risk in financial market arena. Here, the terminology followed is based on the CAMELS framework variables: capital adequacy, asset, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk. The objective of this study is to construct a macroprudential indicator (MPI) for the case of Bangladeshi financial market. The result will then be tested for robustness with macro-stress test. Lagged independent variables will be used in the simple hazard model to allow early prediction of MPI in the year in which the crisis happens. The empirical findings can be used as a guideline for the Bangladesh Government and policy makers in accessing, examining and forecasting the health of the Bangladeshi financial system and formulate suitable financial system policies for control. MPI generates information about systemic risk allowing the detection of potential economic crises functioning as an early warning indicator. Government and policy makers will be able to make early preparation in cushioning any potential crises by means of the MPI. Thus the impact of the crises could be minimized and eventually reduce its impact on the Bangladesh economy. The specific objectives are to assemble a novel MPI that is able to recommend early signals of financial market vulnerability, to identify the MPI turning points and establish a comprehensive reference chronology for Bangladeshi financial market and to evaluate the predictive performance of newly constructed MPI on characterizing Bangladeshi financial sector

Partial Expression of the VbsS gene in Rhizobium Leguminosarum ATCC 14479 and In-Silico Analysis of the vbs Gene Cluster in Various Microorganisms

Iron is extremely important for many organisms. Despite its abundancy, it exists in insoluble forms that makes its usability difficult. Some organisms secrete siderophores, low molecular weight compounds, that can chelate iron and convert it into usable forms for cells. One such organism, Rhizobium leguminosarum, is a nitrogen fixing symbiont proteobacteria that infects leguminous plants. The genome of Rhizobium leguminosarum ATCC 14479, which infects the red clover, Trifoli pratense, has previously been completely sequenced in our lab. Our lab has identified several genes in this strain involved in the biosynthesis of a siderophore, vicibactin. The protein product of one of those genes, VbsS, is hypothesized to be a non-ribosomal peptide synthase. It has been attempted to knockout the VbsS gene utilizing the ‘splicing by overlap extension’ method. Additionally, an in-silico analysis of the genome revealed the Vbs genes in R. leguminosarum ATCC 14479 strain were similar to genes in found in the proteobacterium Phyllobacterium sp. 628 and the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus Af293

Cognitive dissonance and investors’ decision-making: A review

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop a conceptual framework of cognitive dissonance bias that influences the investment decision-making. Research Methodology: This research uses empirical studies in order to assess the accurate deviation of investors’ behaviour from rational decisions. Results: The result of this study reveals the identified factors like age, emotional biases, overconfidence, and confirmations biases that enhance the cognitive dissonance that influence the decision making of the investors. Keywords: Cognitive dissonance bias, Psychological biases, Investment decisions, Behavioural finance, Psychology of investors. How to Cite: Fatima, A. (2019). Cognitive dissonance and investors decision-making: a review. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1), 39-4

Using Hadoop to Support Big Data Analysis: Design and Performance Characteristics

Today, the amount of data generated is extremely large and is growing faster than computational speeds can keep up with. Therefore, using the traditional ways or we can say using a single machine to store or process data can no longer be beneficial and can take a huge amount of time. As a result, we need a different and better way to process data such as having data distributed over large computing clusters. Hadoop is a framework that allows the distributed processing of large data sets. Hadoop is an open source application available under the Apache License. It is designed to scale up from a single server to thousands of machines, where each machine can perform computations locally and store them. The literature indicates that processing Big Data in a reasonable time frame can be a challenging task. One of the most promising platforms is a concept of Exascale computing. This paper created a testbed based on recommendations for Big Data within the Exascale architecture. This testbed featured three nodes, Hadoop distributed file system. Data from Twitter logs was stored in both the Hadoop file system as well as a traditional MySQL database. The Hadoop file system consistently outperformed the MySQL database. The further research uses larger data sets and more complex queries to truly assess the capabilities of distributed file systems. This research also addresses optimizing the number of processing nodes and the intercommunication paths in the underlying infrastructure of the distributed file system. HIVE.apache.org states that the Apache HIVE data warehouse software facilitates reading, writing, and managing large datasets residing in distributes storage using SQL. At the end, there is an explanation of how to install and launch Hadoop and HIVE, how to configure the rules in a Hadoop ecosystem and the few use cases to check the performance

Entrepreneurial career aspirations of educated women in Bangladesh

This thesis explores the factors affecting the aspirations for, and the perceptions of acceptability and feasibility of business-ownership as an economic/career option by middle-income, educated urban women in Bangladesh. In response to the world-wide growth of women's entrepreneurship, there has been increased attention given to women's businesses, both from a practical development perspective and a research point of view. The group of women who has attracted researchers attention in the developed economies is educated, with access to resources and contact networks and therefore in principle, capable of starting up more significant businesses. The corresponding category of women in the developing countries, however, has received little attention either from the development planners or from the academic researchers. In Bangladesh, since the existence of middle-income, educated urban women in business appear to be small compared to that of un/less educated, poor, rural women in income-generating type of enterprises, the women business-owners have not only been unrecognised in statistics and policy documents, but also in academic research. In order to fill this research gap, and to identify some of the possible reasons for the relative paucity of women business-owners in Bangladesh, this thesis addresses the research question, "Is Entrepreneurship/Business-Ownership an Attractive/Desirable, Acceptable and Feasible Option for Middle-Income Educated Urban Women in Bangladesh". To address the research issues about business-ownership by middle-income, educated urban women in Bangladesh, a conceptual framework was developed incorporating the major factors affecting the aspirations, the acceptability and the feasibility of business-ownership as well as those influencing the process of business start-up. This study has examined the research issues based on the data collected through interviews with 154 potential and 75 actual women business-owners, and 10 CEOs of support agencies in the Dhaka city, which has the highest concentration of middle-income, educated urban population, and is the heart of all commercial activities. Overall, the findings of the study indicate that it is the "family roles" or the "gender roles" and not family entrepreneurial role models that influence the aspirations of women to set-up their own businesses in Bangladesh. The study also indicates that 'gender', demographics of the women concerned, and the type of business are the key explanatory factors determining the acceptability of business-ownership. It further shows that years of formal education, work experience, socio-economic class, network and supporters, and the type of business influence the feasibility of business ownership as an economic option for women in the context of Bangladesh. The findings highlight negative social attitude towards women in business, lack of security and freedom of mobility, and exposure of role models by media and promotional agencies as some of the major hindrances to women's business-ownership. This thesis demonstrates that women entrepreneurs in developing countries are not a homogenous group, that the aspirations, the acceptability and the feasibility of business-ownership by women are highly interactive, and that business-ownership by women is a combination of motivation, personal characteristics as well as environmental factors. In particular, it highlights that 'gender' definitely plays a role not only in enabling or hindering women in starting own business, but also in women's choice of business in the developing country context, as opposed to studies on women entrepreneurs in Western countries, which present conflicting results about the extent to which gender is an issue in women's business-ownership. This study emphasises the importance ofpolicy and legislative initiatives for bringing about the needed change in the environment in order to augment women's business-ownership. In doing so, the implications of the research are that efforts should be made to encourage wide spread media exposure of role models, ideas for product and market development, and gender sensitivity training for the personnel of agencies working for the promotion of entrepreneurship