Legal analysis of the urgency of determining the free papua organization (OPM) as a perpetrator of gross human rights violations in Indonesia

Purpose: This study analyzes the urgency of determining the Free Papua Movement (OPM) as a perpetrator of gross human rights violations in Indonesia from a legal perspective. The main focus of the study is to understand and examine the legal consequences and social impacts of the determination in efforts to enforce justice and protect human rights in Indonesia. Research/methodology: This study uses a normative legal research method with a descriptive-analytical approach that relies on secondary data from legal literature, laws and regulations, and the opinions of legal experts. Results: The results of the study show that OPM has committed various acts of violence that violate human rights, including murder, torture, and kidnapping. Determining OPM as a perpetrator of gross human rights violations is considered important to uphold the principles of justice and equality before the law, in accordance with national and international legal standards. In addition, this study also found that legal action against OPM is not only aimed at imposing sanctions, but also as a preventive measure to prevent similar crimes in the future. The opinions of human rights law experts emphasize the importance of a proportional and effective response from the government in handling cases of gross human rights violations. Thus, this study makes a significant contribution to the development of legal science and efforts to protect human rights in Indonesia

Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Article 33 of the Criminal Code Concerning Minors in Military Relations with Law Number 11 of 2012 Concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System

Purpose: In the Indonesian criminal law system, the protection of children in conflict with the law receives special attention, including children involved in military service. Article 33 of the Criminal Code and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System are two interrelated legal norms in the context of legal protection for military minors. Article 33 of the Criminal Code and Law Number 11 of 2012 are two laws that apply and have a direct impact on how military minors are tried. However, there is a potential contradiction between these two laws that needs to be further examined. Children in conflict with the law have the right to receive special protection. Analyzing how juvenile criminal law is applied to military minors can help ensure that these rights are respected. Ensuring that all individuals, including military minors, are tried fairly is a basic principle of law. Research/methodology: Data collection is done through document analysis and literature study, which includes visits to libraries and other sources relevant to the research topic. Contributions: This research can make an important contribution to our understanding of how juvenile criminal law is applied in the military context. This can help inform future policy and practice. Given the minimum and maximum ages for entry into military education, it is possible that some individuals who join the military may still be considered children in the context of juvenile criminal law

Age characteristics in buli tumor patients at the General Hospital For The Jayapura Regional period 2017-2022

Purpose: Buli-buli tumors, also known as vesica urinaria (bladder) tumorstumors, are the second malignancy after prostate . Bladder tumors affect twice as many men as women. The most common symptoms of bladder tumors include painless hematuria and associated urinary tract infections (frequency, urgency, dysuria). Based on data from the Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence (GLOBOCAN), there were 573,000 cases of bladder tumor or cancer in 2020, which accounted for 3% of all new tumor cases in the world. Research methodology: This study uses a descriptive method by taking secondary data from Jayapura Hospital, which aims to obtain the characteristics of Buli Tumors in at Jayapura Hospital for patients with buli tumors the period 2017-2022. Results: The results showed that there were 61 incidents of buli tumors in patients with buli tumors. it can be concluded as follows: Buli tumor patients patient based on age found the highest age group is at the age of >50 years as many as 30 patients with a percentage of 49.2%, followed by the age age group group 41-50 years as many as 24 patients with a percentage of total of 39.3% and consecutively the third highest to the lowest includes the 31-40 a 5 patients with a percentage of 8.2%, the age group 20-30 a total of a total of 1 with a with a percentage of percentage of 1.6% and the age group <20 years 1 patient 1.6%

The concept of respect in Central Asia: Historical roots, cultural practices and contemporary transformations

Purpose: This paper explores the historical and cultural origins of respect in the region, its manifestations in traditional practices, and its transformations under the influence of globalization, urbanization, and generational paradigm shifts. Research methodology: This research employs a qualitative, interdisciplinary approach, combining historical analysis, ethnographic fieldwork, and discourse analysis to explore the evolution of respect in Central Asia. Data will be collected through documentary research, interviews, participant observations, and media analysis, with thematic and comparative analysis used to interpret findings. Results: Based on the analysis of ethnographic, sociological, and historical sources, it demonstrates how respect serves as a mechanism for preserving identity and adapting to changing conditions. Limitations: The main limitation of this study is the difficulty in capturing the full diversity of respect across different Central Asian cultures, historical periods, and social contexts, as well as the potential bias in interpreting evolving cultural norms through contemporary perspectives

Influence of tour operator’s sustainability practices on tourists’ spending and trip duration

Purpose: This study examines how sustainability practices influence tourists' propensity to spend more time and extend their stay. Research Methodology:  The study involved 114 tour firms and 342 tourists in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Tour operators' sustainability adoption levels were categorized using Z-scores from a compliance checklist, while tourist behavior was assessed through questionnaires. General Linear Models (GLM) were used to analyze the relationship between adoption levels and tourist behavior. Results: The findings of the study reveal that higher levels of sustainability - specifically Very High (VH), high (H), and moderate (M)–are positively associated with increased spending and longer stays. In contrast, low (L) and Very Low (VL) sustainability levels did not significantly affect these behaviors. Limitations: The use of Z-scores for categorization reduces complex data to a single dimension, which may oversimplify subtle differences in the adoption of sustainability practices among tour operators. Contribution: These results offer valuable insights for tour operators and stakeholders, demonstrating that integrating sustainability into business operations not only benefits the environment and local cultures, but also enhances economic outcomes for businesses and destinations

Analysis of financial management in the implementation of Minabua Village development, Mimika Regency

Purpose: This study aims to 1. analyze financial management in the implementation of the development of Minabua Village, Mimika Regency. The main focus of this study is to assess the extent to which the planning, implementation, and reporting processes of the village budget have been carried out in accordance with the principles of 2. transparency, accountability, 3. participatory, and effective. The importance of 4. Monitoring and evaluation of village funds as an instrument to improve the welfare of village communities, so good financial management is the main requirement in realizing village development. Research methodology: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of surveys, observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of village officials, community leaders. Data were analyzed through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Results: The results of the study indicate that 1. the financial management of Minabua Village has developed, In terms of planning, although it has involved community participation through village deliberations, it has not fully reflected the priority needs of the community. In implementation, 3. Accountability and Financial Transparency are good but there are still obstacles that are still lacking 4. Community Participation in Village Development. Reporting and accountability have not fully run according to the rules due to the lack of technical understanding of village officials. Supervision and 5. Monitoring and evaluation by the regional government are still weak and tend to be purely administrative

Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on the performance of food and beverage MSMEs in Palembang City

Purpose: This study analyzes how entrepreneurial and market orientation affect MSME performance in Palembang, emphasizing the role of competitive advantage as a moderating variable. Research Methodology: This study uses a survey method with data collection techniques through interviews with micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) owners and direct observation of the research object. The research population consists of 151 MSME entrepreneurs who live in Palembang. Results: The results showed that entrepreneurial orientation had a negative effect on performance. Testing the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of the value obtained a coefficient value of -0.090 with a p-valSSue of 0.008 <0.005, indicating that there is a significant influence, but no relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of food and beverage providers, and vice versa. Testing the effect of market orientation on the performance of Palembang city umkm through competitive advantage as a moderating variable with a coefficient value of 5.55 and a p-value of 0.00 <0.05 means strengthening the relationship between performance through competitive advantage as a moderating variable. Testing the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of Palembang city umkm through competitive advantage as a moderating variable with a coefficient value of 2.37 and a p-value of 0.00 <0.05 means strengthening the relationship between performance through competitive advantage as a moderating variable

Evaluation analysis of the special autonomy fund assistance program in improving the welfare of indigenous Papuans in Kwamki Narama District, Mimika Regency

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Special Autonomy Fund Assistance Program in improving the welfare of Indigenous Papuans in Kwamki Narama District, Mimika Regency, with a focus on the dimensions of education, health, and the economy. Method: The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach. A total of 100 respondents from 10 villages in Kwamki Narama District were selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured Likert-scale questionnaires and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to assess the community's perception of welfare improvements across three key sectors: education, health, and economy. Results: The analysis revealed a perceived improvement in education (mean score = 3.67) and health (mean score = 3.85), indicating that the program positively impacted access to schooling, educational support, and basic healthcare services. However, the economic aspect showed limited improvement (mean score = 3.13), with low impact on job opportunities, income growth, and ability to meet family needs. The overall welfare score stood at 3.55, reflecting a moderate positive perception of the program’s impact. Conclusions: The Special Autonomy Fund Program in Kwamki Narama District has successfully improved education and health for Indigenous Papuans but has not had a significant impact on the economic sector. Further strategies are needed to enhance economic empowerment and achieve more equitable and sustainable welfare. Limitations: The study's findings are based on subjective perceptions within a single district and may not represent broader conditions in other Papuan regions. Additionally, the study does not account for qualitative factors such as cultural dynamics or governance efficiency that might influence program outcomes. Contribution: This study contributes to the discourse on regional autonomy by providing empirical insight into the partial success of Papua’s Special Autonomy Fund in enhancing indigenous welfare. The findings highlight the need for strategic policy adjustments, particularly in economic empowerment initiatives, to ensure more holistic and sustainable development outcomes in Papua

Analysis of the impact of road infrastructure development on the local economy in Pasar Sentral Subdistrict, Mimika Regency (case study: W. R. Supratman Road)

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of the W. R. Supratman Road infrastructure development on the local economy in Pasar Sentral Subdistrict, Mimika Regency. The research focuses on assessing its influence on community income, business growth, and the distribution of goods and services. Research/methodology: A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, using a paired sample t-test to compare economic indicators before and after the road development. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 purposively selected residents and local business actors. Secondary data were obtained from relevant government institutions. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and triangulation through interviews and direct field observations. Results: The findings reveal that the road development significantly increased average household income by Rp. 683,333, improved business opportunities by 1.72 points, and enhanced the distribution of goods and services by 1.97 points. These results indicate a notable improvement in local economic activities following infrastructure development. Conclusions: The construction of W. R. Supratman Road has had a positive impact on the economic conditions of the Pasar Sentral community, improving accessibility, fostering business growth, and enhancing community welfare. The improved infrastructure led to increased trade flows and rising property values, contributing to inclusive regional development. Limitations: The study is limited by its small sample size and short-term scope, which may not fully capture the long-term or broader regional economic impacts of the infrastructure development. Contribution: This research provides empirical evidence supporting the role of targeted road infrastructure in promoting local economic resilience and inclusive development, offering insights for policymakers in regional planning

The effect of providing additional food for students on improving the quality of education in Atuka Village, Mimika District

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) on education quality in Kampung Atuka, Mimika Regency. The research focuses on academic achievement, attendance rates, and dropout rates, considering mediating factors such as nutritional status and moderating factors such as parental support and learning environment. Research methodology: The research employs a quantitative approach with descriptive statistical analysis, Spearman correlation, multiple linear regression, as well as mediation and moderation tests. Additionally, qualitative analysis was conducted through interviews with students, teachers, and parents. Results: The findings indicate that PMT does not have a direct significant effect on academic performance and student attendance but contributes to improving nutritional status, which positively correlates with academic achievement. The study also reveals that the learning environment and parental support do not significantly moderate the relationship between PMT and education quality. Although students and teachers reported benefits in terms of increased energy and focus, external factors such as home eating habits and the variety of supplementary food remain obstacles to the program’s effectiveness. Conclusions: This research concludes that the effectiveness of PMT as a strategy for improving education quality is optimized when combined with nutritional education programs, parental involvement, and more comprehensive education policies. Recommendation: Recommendations are provided for local governments, education offices, and schools to enhance PMT implementation to achieve a more significant impact on education quality in remote areas