Sustainable pathways to bio-based amines via the 'hydrogen borrowing' strategy

The reduction of society’s dependence on fossil fuels and a gradual shift towards the use of renewables is of prime importance. Despite the considerable efforts that have been made to the introduction of novel catalytic methodologies that convert renewable resources to fuels or bio-based platform chemicals, the development of systematic strategies for the synthesis of amines - centrally important compounds in the bulk and fine chemical industry - from renewables, especially via waste-free catalytic routes, has not received due attention yet.This thesis outlines ample possibilities of using a variety of biomass sources for the synthesis of the high-value chemicals demonstrating the potential of renewable feedstocks as viable replacements for currently used fossil fuels. More specifically, it discloses the development of novel catalytic methods that enable the formation of value-added amines from readily available aliphatic and aromatic alcohol intermediates generated by the catalytic conversion of renewable resources such as lignocellulose. In order to design sustainable catalytic protocols two key strategies, namely ‘hydrogen borrowing’ and ‘cross-coupling’, have been applied to provide the target high-value products with exceptional selectivity and in-line with the principals of green chemistry. The present work attempts the first steps on a ‘high road’ to profitability from lignin and contributes to the development of fully sustainable and economically viable lignocellulosic biorefineries

Pharmaceutically relevant (hetero)cyclic compounds and natural products from lignin-derived monomers:Present and perspectives

Lignin, the richest source of renewable aromatics on the planet, is an intriguing raw material for the construction of value-added aromatics. In the past decade, much progress has been made regarding the development of efficient lignin depolymerization methods, able to produce specific monophenol derivatives in high-enough selectivity and yields. This now serves as an excellent basis for developing powerful downstream conversion strategies toward a wide range of products, including fine chemical building blocks. The inherent structural features of lignin-derived platform chemicals undoubtedly inspire the development of novel, creative, atom-economic synthetic routes toward biologically active molecules or natural products. In this perspective we attempt to bridge the structural features of lignin-derived platform chemicals with existing synthetic strategies toward the construction of heterocycles and provide a summary of efforts for the production of natural products from aromatics that can be, in principle, obtained from lignin. Last, we comment on the latest efforts that present entire value-chains from wood to valuable pharmaceutically relevant compounds

Amination of beta-hydroxyl acid esters via cooperative catalysis enables access to bio-based beta-amino acid esters

beta-amino acid esters are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and valuable building blocks for materials synthesis. Surprisingly, the waste-free construction of such moieties from readily available or renewable starting materials has not yet been addressed. Here we report on a robust and versatile method for obtaining beta-amino acid esters by direct amination of beta-hydroxyl acid esters via the borrowing hydrogen methodology using a cooperative catalytic system that comprises a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst and an appropriate Bronsted acid additive. This method allows for the direct amination of esters of 3-hydroxypropionic acid, a top value-added bio-based platform chemical, opening a simple route to access beta-amino acid esters from a range of renewable polyols including sugars and glycerol

ІСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНІ ХРОНОТОПИ ЯК АСПЕКТ ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ СТУДЕНТІВ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ

The article demonstrates the search of innovative approaches to the renewal of pharmaceutical science and the selection of optimal technologies of the aforesaid renewal, which is possible on conditions of modern methodological foundations support in educational process of medical institutions of higher education.У статті висвітлено пошук інноваційних підходів до оновлення комплексу фармацевтичних наук та вибору оптимальних технологій відродження, який можливий за умов забезпечення сучасних методологічних засад у навчально-виховному процесі вищих медичних закладів.

Aspects of moral upbringing in educational process of future pharmacists

Morality, as a form of social consciousness, is a set of principles, requirements, norms and rules that regulate human behavior in all spheres of professional and social life. The article deals with aspects of moral education and personality traits of the future pharmacist. The moral development of future pharmacists involves not only the assimilation of norms, but also the standardization, the degree and nature of which may be a criterion for the level of moral self-activity. The above fact cannot but change the understanding of the very essence of moral upbringing, as well as one of its essential manifestations – a moral choice. The content and tasks of moral education are defined, the complex of moral and ethical qualities of future specialists, which are formed in the process of professional training, is characterized, features of moral motivation of future pharmacists are determined. The author of the article offers and analyzes educational technologies for the formation of professional moral upbringing

Особенности ведущих ценностей и их взаимосвязь с интернальностью в юношеском и зрелом возрастах

The main concern of the paper is to study to the leading values and their interrelation with internality in young and mature persons. The author focused attention on recent psychological research in this eld. The empirical study involved 80 respondents: 40 persons at the age from 19 to 24 (students of various specialties of Rostov-on-Don), 40 persons at the age from 40 to 45 (persons with higher education,representatives of various professions in the city of Rostov-on-Don). This article considers the prevailing ultimate values, features of the structure of individual religiosity and characteristics of internality in the groups of young and mature respondents. The dominance of the value of prosperity was a characteristic feature for the young respondents. The spheres of social life and hobbies were dominant life sphereswhere the young respondents mainly actualized their values. The spheres of life were not dierentiated in the group of adults, which indicates the individual peculiarity of their distribution in the respondents of this age group. The adult males scored highon measures of faith in the Creator, which is associated with internal locus of control. The overall index of internality in students related to the philosophical perception of religion, development of their religious identity, observance of religious rituals, and recognition of religion as a model of moral norms. The mature persons who had ahobby and aspired to preserve their individuality scored higher on measures of thesame characteristic (internality). In this group of respondents the index of internality related to faith in the Creator and in phenomena beyond scientific explanation. Theresults of the study suggest possible applications in psychological consulting onthe problems of value and religious self-determination.Статья посвящена изучению ведущих ценностей и их взаимосвязи с интернальностью у лиц юношеского и зрелого возрастов. Приводится обзор современных психологических исследований, посвященных данной проблеме. Эмпирическим объектом исследования выступили 80 человек, из них 40 человек в возрасте 19–24 лет – студенты разных специальностей г. Ростова-на-Дону, и 40 человек в возрасте 40–45 лет – люди с высшим образованием, представители различных профессий г. Ростова-на-Дону. В данной статье рассмотрены преобладающие терминальные ценности, особенности структуры индивидуальной религиозности и показатели интернальности в группах респондентов юношеского и зрелого возрастов. Характерной особенностью для респондентов юношеского возраста является доминирование ценности высокого материального достатка. Преобладающими жизненными сферами, в которых представители юношества в первую очередь стремятся реализовать свои ценности, являются сферы общественной жизни и увлечений, в то время как в группе зрелых людей жизненные сферы оказались не дифференцированы, что может объясняться индивидуальным своеобразием их распределения у людей этого возраста. Характерной особенностью мужчин зрелого возраста по сравнению с юношами-студентами является большая выраженность веры в Творца, которая связана с внутренним локусом контроля. Общий показатель интернальности у студентов связан с философским восприятием религии, развитием их религиозного самосознания, соблюдением религиозных обрядов и признанием религии как образца моральных норм. Этот же показатель (интернальность) больше выражен у тех людей зрелого возраста, которые имеют хобби и стремятся к сохранению своей индивидуальности, и связан у них с верой в Творца, а также в явления, не объясненные наукой. Практическая значимость результатов исследования состоит в возможности их использования в психологическом консультировании клиентов по вопросам их ценностного и религиозного самоопределения

Enhancing professional competence of pharmaceutical students in the academic English course

The paper presents the ideas on the integration of English language academic writing into the training of Mater of Pharmacy students. The academic literature demonstrates a powerful didactic potential for the development of both language and professional competence of students majoring in pharmacy. This fact is evidenced by the empirical study that demonstrates the finding reflected in students’ graduation academic project performance. As measurement tools, we employed assessment rubrics of the graduate project, content analysis and questionnaire on teachers’ feedback. The participants of the study were students from the Pharmacy faculty and teachers of English for Academic Purposes in cooperation with teachers of pharmacy. Together they outlined the criteria for the texts selection. According to the results, students mastered not only academic writing skills but also the skills of information processing and evaluation, critical thinking, presentation of information and academic integrity. The paper also presents methodological recommendations on academic texts selection for pharmaceutical students and forms of teaching academic writing to students of non-linguistic specialities. The results of the study allow drawing the conclusion academic writing course will enhance professional competence and reduce students’ misinterpreting of academic language