The link between circadian clock and tumorigenesis

The circadian clock is fundamental for allowing the human body to work properly. Studies demonstrated that circadian disruption is a risk factor for a lot of pathological states and in this Review, the idea is to focus on tumorigenesis. Cancer is a social plague and it is interesting to note how the human lifestyle can be one of the most important reasons to explain the enormous spread of tumours. The crucial point described is the connection between light, melatonin and cancer genes; this triad has an important role in tumorigenesis. After that, there is a focus on breast cancer that is the most frequent in the world, and it is also demonstrated how social level and education can influence the possibility to develop cancer during life. In the end, there is a description of one of the possible new frontiers in the treatment of cancer: chronotherapy

The European Insomnia Guideline : An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.Progress in the field of insomnia since 2017 necessitated this update of the European Insomnia Guideline. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure for insomnia and its comorbidities are: clinical interview (encompassing sleep and medical history); the use of sleep questionnaires and diaries (and physical examination and additional measures where indicated) (A). Actigraphy is not recommended for the routine evaluation of insomnia (C), but may be useful for differential-diagnostic purposes (A). Polysomnography should be used to evaluate other sleep disorders if suspected (i.e. periodic limb movement disorder, sleep-related breathing disorders, etc.), treatment-resistant insomnia (A) and for other indications (B). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia is recommended as the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults of any age (including patients with comorbidities), either applied in-person or digitally (A). When cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia is not sufficiently effective, a pharmacological intervention can be offered (A). Benzodiazepines (A), benzodiazepine receptor agonists (A), daridorexant (A) and low-dose sedating antidepressants (B) can be used for the short-term treatment of insomnia (≤ 4 weeks). Longer-term treatment with these substances may be initiated in some cases, considering advantages and disadvantages (B). Orexin receptor antagonists can be used for periods of up to 3 months or longer in some cases (A). Prolonged-release melatonin can be used for up to 3 months in patients ≥ 55 years (B). Antihistaminergic drugs, antipsychotics, fast-release melatonin, ramelteon and phytotherapeutics are not recommended for insomnia treatment (A). Light therapy and exercise interventions may be useful as adjunct therapies to cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (B).Peer reviewe

The Impact of Electoral Cycles on Monetary Policies in Advanced and Developing Economies

The thesis provides a comparative estimation of the electoral cycles' influence on the monetary policies among a group of developed and developing countries. We use a non-linear central bank's reaction function which captures the regime switching behavior of the monetary authority depending on the proximity of elections. Moreover, we compare the reaction function with partial adjustment, which controls for policy inertia, with a non-inertial policy rule with serially correlated errors which takes into account other shocks determining the central bank to deviate from its policy rule. The estimation was performed via OLS, 2SLS and 3SLS, the preference being given to the last one due to correction of endogeneity problem and efficiency gains. Robust evidence about election induced monetary policies was found in 2 out of 10 developed economies and 4 out of 10 developing economies. In these countries, the central banks tend to be less inflation averse and/or less counter-cyclical (or even pro- cyclical) during electoral periods in comparison with normal times. Additionally, we find that the legislative framework, in these countries, incorporates significant deviations from the best practices of central bank independence. Finally, following the dynamic inconsistency problem, we document a strong..

Understanding Cross-Cultural Dfferences in Peer Reporting Practices: Evidence from Tax Evasion Games in Moldova and France

Authorities rely on reporting from private citizens to detect and enforce more than a trivial portion of eective law breaking. This article is the first to experimentally study the cultural aspect of peer reporting. By collecting data in a post-Soviet country (Moldova), we focus in particular on how the Soviet legacy of using citizens as private informants may have a long-lasting eect on their willingness to cooperate with state authorities in present day; we then contrast these eects with peer reporting behavior in a Western society (France). Our results suggest that participants in Moldova view the act of cooperating with central authorities as less socially acceptable than subjects in France and that participants in Moldova engage less frequently in peer reporting than participants in France. However, we also find that less reporting does not necessarily imply less tax compliance. Participants in both countries share very similar tax compliance rates. We explain the eect of peer reporting on tax compliance in Moldova by the country’s past experience during the Soviet era when being reported to central authorities was common and came with serious consequences for the person being denounced, ranging from shaming to expropriation.U n d e r s t a n d i n g C r o s s-C u l t u r a l D f f e r e n c e s i n P e e r R e p o r t i n g P r a c t i c e s : E v i d e n c e f r o m T a x E v a s i o n G a me s i n Mo l d o v a a n d F r a n c e R u s t a m R o m a n i u c D i m i t r i D u b o i s E u g e n D i m a n t A d r i a n L u p u s o r A d r i a n L u p u s o r & V a l e r i u P r o h n i t c h i C E E-M Wo r k i n g P a p e r 2 0 2 0-1

The European Insomnia Guideline : an update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023

Abstract: Progress in the field of insomnia since 2017 necessitated this update of the European Insomnia Guideline. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure for insomnia and its comorbidities are: clinical interview (encompassing sleep and medical history); the use of sleep questionnaires and diaries (and physical examination and additional measures where indicated) (A). Actigraphy is not recommended for the routine evaluation of insomnia (C), but may be useful for differential\u2010diagnostic purposes (A). Polysomnography should be used to evaluate other sleep disorders if suspected (i.e. periodic limb movement disorder, sleep\u2010related breathing disorders, etc.), treatment\u2010resistant insomnia (A) and for other indications (B). Cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for insomnia is recommended as the first\u2010line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults of any age (including patients with comorbidities), either applied in\u2010person or digitally (A). When cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for insomnia is not sufficiently effective, a pharmacological intervention can be offered (A). Benzodiazepines (A), benzodiazepine receptor agonists (A), daridorexant (A) and low\u2010dose sedating antidepressants (B) can be used for the short\u2010term treatment of insomnia ( 64\u20094\u2009weeks). Longer\u2010term treatment with these substances may be initiated in some cases, considering advantages and disadvantages (B). Orexin receptor antagonists can be used for periods of up to 3\u2009months or longer in some cases (A). Prolonged\u2010release melatonin can be used for up to 3\u2009months in patients 65\u200955\u2009years (B). Antihistaminergic drugs, antipsychotics, fast\u2010release melatonin, ramelteon and phytotherapeutics are not recommended for insomnia treatment (A). Light therapy and exercise interventions may be useful as adjunct therapies to cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for insomnia (B)