Estudi aerodinàmic de la part frontal d'un vehicle

Es tractarà de fer un estudi aerodinàmic d'un cotxe i estudiar la influència d'un spoiler sobre aquest, fixant-nos en els coeficients de resistència a l'avanç i de sustentació, a més del coeficient de pressió i de com varien aquestes al llarg del vehicle

Inteligencia artificial aplicada al control de calidad en la producción de billetes

This paper presents the work carried out in the Research and Development Unit of the Banco de España’s Banknote Production Control Department over the last few months in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Research and development have focused on the application of AI to the banknote production process, specifically to banknote quality control. The most important terms related to artificial intelligence and quality management in the world of banknotes are explained. The paper concludes by outlining a prototype of a dual quality control system.Este documento es una aproximación al trabajo realizado en la Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, del Departamento de Control de Producción de Billetes del Banco España, durante los últimos meses en materia de inteligencia artificial. La investigación y el desarrollo se han centrado en su aplicación al proceso de producción de billetes, y más concretamente al control de calidad de este. Se exponen los términos más importantes ligados a la inteligencia artificial y a la gestión de la calidad en el mundo del billete. Finalmente, se detalla el esquema de un prototipo de sistema dual para el control de calidad

Café y pobreza en los productores Otomí- Tepehua: crisis del desarrollo rural frente al neoliberalismo

La situación prevaleciente en las comunidades indígenas cafetaleras está marcada por la falta de atención de las instituciones federales que deberían asumir el fenómeno como un problema de seguridad alimentario nacional, sin embargo el dogma neoliberal de que el mercado se regula por sí solo, nos ha conducido a un estancamiento de la economía con un crecimiento de la pobreza y una mayor desigualdad social. Replantear la política de desarrollo rural ante esta adversidad que están enfrentando las poblaciones campesinas de México y en especial los dedicados a la actividad cafetalera, de la Región Otomí-Tepehua en el Estado de Hidalgo, es una necesidad urgente

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas respecto al cáncer de cuello uterino de mujeres entre 14 y 49 años de un barrio de la comuna 10 de la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia

Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas frente al cáncer de cuello uterino de las mujeres entre 14 y 49 años de un barrio de la comuna 10 de Armenia, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de corte transversal, analítico, cuantitativo, con muestreo por conveniencia. Resultados: En total se entrevistaron 100 mujeres. En la distribución por edad la media fue de 27,22 años. La mayoría tenían SISBEN 1 (76%). El 89% de las mujeres encuestadas tenían poco conocimiento sobre cáncer de cuello uterino. El 51% tenían claro cómo se previene el cáncer de cuello uterino. El 88,8% de mujeres que habían tenido relaciones sexuales se había tomado alguna vez la citología. Existe una relación significativa (p<0.05) entre el bajo conocimiento sobre la prevención, detección y periodicidad de la toma de la citología y las edades más bajas. Discusión: No existe coherencia entre el conocimiento, el pensamiento y las actitudes de las mujeres en edad reproductiva incluidas en el presente estudio. Las mujeres más jóvenes tienen un nivel más bajo de conocimientos pese a que acuden a la escuela. Con estos resultados se busca tener elementos para reorientar los procesos educativos en esta comunidad, empezando desde la educación escolar, hacia aspectos socioculturales de las personas y con base en esto elaborar proyectos educativos mucho mas pertinentes (conocimiento contextualizado y útil) convirtiéndolos en eficientes y efectivos.To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices about cervical cancer of women between 14 and 49 years of a neighborhood of the comuna 10 from armenia, colombia. Methods: cross-sectional, with convenience sampling. results: a total of 100 women were interviewed. The average age was 27.22 years. Majority had sisBeN 1 (76%). 89% had a low knowledge about cervical cancer. 51% were clear as to prevent the cervical cancer; 88.8% of women who have had sexual relations had taken the cytology. There is a significant relationship (p<0.05) between low knowledge about the prevention, detection and schedule for making the cytology and lower ages. Discussion: There is no consistency between knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in reproductive age included in this study. Younger women have a lower level of knowledge despite attending school. Our results seek to have elements in order to reorient the educational processes in this community, starting from school education to socio-cultural aspects of the people and on this basis to develop educational projects much more relevant (contextualized knowledge and useful) making them efficient and effective.http://revistas.utp.edu.co/index.php/revistamedic

A Reliable Method for the Isolation and Characterization of Microplastics in Fish Gastrointestinal Tracts Using an Infrared Tunable Quantum Cascade Laser System

[Abstract] Societal and environmental concern due to frequent reports of microplastics in fish stomachs raised as they may accumulate along the trophic chain. The request for analysing microplastics in fish stresses two major analytical issues: sample treatment and final characterization. The, so far, workhorse for chemical characterization is infrared spectroscopy which is time-consuming. Here, a quantum cascade laser-based device is used to accelerate the characterization stage. Its novelty poses new challenges for sample processing and particle handling because the unknown particles must be transferred to a reflective slide. In this study, three sample digestion protocols (alkaline-oxidative with H2O2, and alkaline-oxidative with NaClO and enzymatic-oxidative) and three different procedures to transfer the filter cake to reflective slides are compared. A simplified enzymatic-oxidative digestion (validated through an interlaboratory exercise) combined with a Syncore® automatic evaporation system and a Laser Direct Infrared Imaging (LDIR) device is proposed first time as a reliable and relatively fast method to treat gastrointestinal tracts of fish. Analytical recoveries were studied using samples of Scomber scombrus and they were ca. 100% for big –i.e., >500 μm- and ca. 90% for medium –i.e., 200–300 μm- particles and ca. 75% for 10 μm thick fibres.This research was supported by the LAnd-Based Solutions for PLAstics in the Sea Project (LABPLAS Project), Grant Agreement No. 101003954, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, and the Integrated approach on the fate of MicroPlastics (MPs) towards healthy marine ecosystems Project (MicroplastiX project), Grant PCI2020-112145, supported by the JPI_Oceans Program and by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “Next Generation EU/PRTR”. The Program ‘Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas” of the Galician Government (Xunta de Galicia) is also acknowledged (Grant ED431C 2021/56)Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/5

Singular and Plural Functions for Functional Logic Programming

Functional logic programming (FLP) languages use non-terminating and non-confluent constructor systems (CS's) as programs in order to define non-strict non-determi-nistic functions. Two semantic alternatives have been usually considered for parameter passing with this kind of functions: call-time choice and run-time choice. While the former is the standard choice of modern FLP languages, the latter lacks some properties---mainly compositionality---that have prevented its use in practical FLP systems. Traditionally it has been considered that call-time choice induces a singular denotational semantics, while run-time choice induces a plural semantics. We have discovered that this latter identification is wrong when pattern matching is involved, and thus we propose two novel compositional plural semantics for CS's that are different from run-time choice. We study the basic properties of our plural semantics---compositionality, polarity, monotonicity for substitutions, and a restricted form of the bubbling property for constructor systems---and the relation between them and to previous proposals, concluding that these semantics form a hierarchy in the sense of set inclusion of the set of computed values. We have also identified a class of programs characterized by a syntactic criterion for which the proposed plural semantics behave the same, and a program transformation that can be used to simulate one of them by term rewriting. At the practical level, we study how to use the expressive capabilities of these semantics for improving the declarative flavour of programs. We also propose a language which combines call-time choice and our plural semantics, that we have implemented in Maude. The resulting interpreter is employed to test several significant examples showing the capabilities of the combined semantics. To appear in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)Comment: 53 pages, 5 figure

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas respecto al cáncer de cuello uterino de mujeres entre 14 y 49 años de un barrio de la comuna 10 de la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia

Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas frente al cáncer de cuello uterino de las mujeres entre 14 y 49 años de un barrio de la comuna 10 de Armenia, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de corte transversal, analítico, cuantitativo, con muestreo por conveniencia. Resultados: En total se entrevistaron 100 mujeres. En la distribución por edad la media fue de 27,22 años. La mayoría tenían SISBEN 1 (76%). El 89% de las mujeres encuestadas tenían poco conocimiento sobre cáncer de cuello uterino. El 51% tenían claro cómo se previene el cáncer de cuello uterino. El 88,8% de mujeres que habían tenido relaciones sexuales se había tomado alguna vez la citología. Existe una relación significativa (p<0.05) entre el bajo conocimiento sobre la prevención, detección y periodicidad de la toma de la citología y las edades más bajas. Discusión: No existe coherencia entre el conocimiento, el pensamiento y las actitudes de las mujeres en edad reproductiva incluidas en el presente estudio. Las mujeres más jóvenes tienen un nivel más bajo de conocimientos pese a que acuden a la escuela. Con estos resultados se busca tener elementos para reorientar los procesos educativos en esta comunidad, empezando desde la educación escolar, hacia aspectos socioculturales de las personas y con base en esto elaborar proyectos educativos mucho mas pertinentes (conocimiento contextualizado y útil) convirtiéndolos en eficientes y efectivos.To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices about cervical cancer of women between 14 and 49 years of a neighborhood of the comuna 10 from armenia, colombia. Methods: cross-sectional, with convenience sampling. results: a total of 100 women were interviewed. The average age was 27.22 years. Majority had sisBeN 1 (76%). 89% had a low knowledge about cervical cancer. 51% were clear as to prevent the cervical cancer; 88.8% of women who have had sexual relations had taken the cytology. There is a significant relationship (p<0.05) between low knowledge about the prevention, detection and schedule for making the cytology and lower ages. Discussion: There is no consistency between knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in reproductive age included in this study. Younger women have a lower level of knowledge despite attending school. Our results seek to have elements in order to reorient the educational processes in this community, starting from school education to socio-cultural aspects of the people and on this basis to develop educational projects much more relevant (contextualized knowledge and useful) making them efficient and effective.http://revistas.utp.edu.co/index.php/revistamedic

Evaluating Activation and Absence of Negative Effect: Gamification and Escape Rooms for Learning

Innovation has allowed for and developed new ways of teaching and learning. Gamification is among the new training methodologies, which is a didactic approach based on the game structure with an attractive component for students. Within gamification, flipped learning and problem-based learning, escape rooms can be found as a technical aspect, which is focused on providing enigmas and tracks for the various educational content that students have assimilated through learning based on problem solving. The aim of this study is to identify how the use of gamification with the use of educational escape rooms affects activation and absence of a negative effect on students. 61 Master students of the Autonomous City of Ceuta participated in this case study. They were divided into three study groups (1 control group; 2 experimental groups) that followed different formative actions (control group—traditional; experimental groups—escape rooms). To achieve the objectives, a mixed research design based on quantitative and qualitative techniques was followed. The instrument used for data collection was the GAMEX (Gameful Experience Scale). The results reveal that the students who had taken a gamified formative action through escape rooms obtained better assessment results in the indicators concerning motivation, teamwork, commitment, activation, and absence of a negative effect on the learning process than those with the traditional methodology

Path generation and control of humanoid robots during extravehicular activities

This paper proposes and investigates strategies that can be used to plan the motion and control of humanoid robots in some elementary tasks that characterize extravehicular activities. The humanoid robot taken into account is a torso with two arms and two grippers at their extremities. This study addresses the problem of robot motion on the complex system of handrails and handles that characterize the International Space Station. Such a complex task has been divided into two elementary sub-tasks: motion planning and tracking the planned trajectories. First, an optimization procedure is presented to plan and coordinate the robot's arms motions and graspers to achieve the desired location using handrails. Then, a low-level controller is used to guarantee that the robots' actuators can follow these previously generated trajectories. Simulation results assess the applicability of the proposed strategy in different typical operations that potentially can be performed in an extravehicular activity scenario