The Hungarian post-communist black series (1956–2012) a preparatory sketch about the historical times’ structure

Through a corpus assembled under the name of the Hungarian Post-communist Black Series, this paper aims to reconsider the proposals of Nouvelle Histoire historians as well as the time stratums of R. Koselleck, regarding the articulation of different time sets when constructing film history. How can film historians build a proper time structure involving economic and political memory, the evolution of the Hungarian film production system and the multiple times a film may recall? This reflection was made in order to understand such a chain of events as 1988–1990, and to offer new ways of considering the problem of an event’s status in its relation to films and the form of memory they present

Gobernanza, administración institucional e identidad local: la experiencia de los Planes Territoriales Regionales de Área en Lombardía

This paper analyses the planning implementation conducted by the Lombardy Region, in two different inter-municipal realities, as a useful example in a local context: the Area Regional Territorial Plan Alpine Valleys and the Area Regional Territorial Plan of the Franciacorta geographical area. These two complex experiences suggest positive conditions for the implementation of policies of Urban-Rural/Mountain partnerships to reach common goals and enhance urban-rural relationships, and complex institutional/administrative frameworks for activating multi-level governance processes.Este artículo analiza la ejecución de los planes aprobados por la Región de Lombardía en dos realidades intermunicipales diferentes, como ejemplo útil en un contexto local: el Plan Territorial Regional de Área de los Valles Alpinos y el Plan Territorial Regional del Área Geográfica de la Franciacorta. Estas dos complejas experiencias sugieren condiciones positivas para la aplicación de políticas de asociación entre las zonas urbanas y rurales y la montaña para alcanzar objetivos comunes y mejorar las relaciones urbano-rurales, y marcos institucionales y administrativos complejos para activar procesos de gobernanza multinivel

ACTIVE PACKAGING IN MASTER BAG SOLUTIONS AND SHELF LIFE EXTENSION OF RED RASPBERRIES AND STRAWBERRIES: A RELIABLE STRATEGY TO REDUCE FOOD LOSS

A rough estimation for avoidable losses in the European Union (EU) is 280 kg per capita per year, of which 13% can arise from agricultural production, 31% from product processing and 45% from households. The role of packaging in preserving fresh and processed foods is well known and documented but little research is available about the relation existing among new packaging solutions, shelf life extension and Food Loss, and waste reduction at different levels at the supply chain. Techniques as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been largely used to determine the Environmental Impact of food production and processing and packaging materials. However, the assessment taking into account the food and its packaging as a whole system, and of Food Loss reduction is necessary. In fact, from a life cycle perspective, no assessment of the Environmental Impact of food packaging showed the positive benefits of reduced Food Losses in the value chain. In this PhD project, the shelf life extension of red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) and strawberries (Fragaria x Ananassa Duch) using active packaging solutions was investigated. The shelf life extension, critical indicators and cut-off criteria were defined as a tool to point out the time at which the lifetime ended and they were elaborated by multivariate approach. The final aim was to estimate the role of a new packaging technology in reducing the Environmental Impact along the supply chain in relation to the benefits of the Food Loss reduction derived from the actual Shelf Life Extension. For raspberries trial, three packaging solutions was studied: a) Lidded macro-perforated PET trays containing 125 g of berries, stored in air and considered as \u201ctraditional\u201d packaging; b) lidded macro-perforated PET trays containing 125 g of berries inserted into master bags made of plastic materials with different permeabilities to gas and water vapour. This solution was referred to a passive modified packaging solution. c) macro-perforated PET trays containing 125 g of berries inserted into a master bag unit made of LDPE (OTR 4000 cm3*m-2*day-1 at 23 \ub0C and 0 %RH). Before sealing, a defined volume of compressed dry air (moisturized by using distilled water applied onto paper towels), one oxygen scavenger, and a different number of pre-activated carbon dioxide emitters were added to the master bag. For strawberries trial three packaging solutions was studied: a) Lidded PET macro-perforated trays containing 250 g of fruits and stored in air were considered as \u201ctraditional\u201d packaging; b) lidded PET macro-perforated trays (250 g of berries/tray) were inserted into an LDPE (OTR 4000 cm3*m-2*day-1 at 23 \ub0C and 0 %RH) master bag. c) A different number of PET macro-perforated trays were inserted into an LDPE master bag. A central composite design (CCD) with four factors (number of CO2 emitters, number of O2 scavengers, ratio between packaging surface area and unfilled volume, storage time) at five levels was performed to optimize the active packaging solution. All the samples were stored in a cold chamber (5\ub11 \ub0C; 70\ub15 %RH). Different physical-chemical and sensorial analyses were performed as following to identify for each packaging solution the shelf life value: Damaged berries (%), Mouldy berries (%); Weight loss (%); Colour (CIE L*, a* and b* parameters); Total solids (g/100g); Soluble solids (g/100g); pH; Titratable acidity (g citric acid/100 g); Consistency determined by single compression test (force*deformation at 60% of deformation); Volatile compounds by SPME-GC-MS technique; Sensorial global and Visual acceptability. In order to analyze the results from a multidimensional point of view, the obtained data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Il ciclo di vita per ogni soluzione di imballaggio \ue8 stata valutata utilizzando il software 8.0.1 SimaPro\uae. The boundaries of the system was set from the berries production until the retailer storage, take into consideration also the operations to disposal of the packaging materials. The functional unit for this study was set as the day of shelf life. In the raspberries studies, the active packaging solution allowed the raspberries storage up to 11 days. This value was almost three times longer than the \u201ctraditional\u201d packaging solution that allowed a shelf life value of 4 days. The Passive packaging solution allowed lead to a shelf life extension as 2 days in comparison to the traditional packaging. For each packaging solution have been done the assessment of the environmental impact using the LCA methodology. The \u201ctraditional\u201d packaging solution determined the highest daily impact among the packaging solutions evaluated. The passive and active packaging solutions determined a significative reduction, in terms of environmental load, up to 55% and 70%, respectively. The extension of the lifetime of berries contribute also to reduce the food loss even if the environmental impact of packaging system (active devices and master bag) was increased. This increment was balanced from the environmental impact of food saved by using the new packaging solution. The assessment of strawberries shelf life stored in the traditional packaging systems established only 2 days as value, while in the passive packaging solution lead to a shelf life extension up to 4 days longer. The optimization of the packaging factors in the active packaging solution extended the berries storage until 12 days. The \u201ctraditional\u201d packaging determined the highest daily impact than the other packaging solutions. The passive and active packaging solutions determined a significative reduction in environmental load respect to the \u201ctraditional\u201d solution up to 66% and 82%, respectively. The implementation of LCA methodology with lifetime data assessed by experimental shelf life trials and multivariate analyses allowed the definition of the impact of new technologies based on active packaging, taking into account their role in shelf life extension. Although based on some assumptions, this PhD study tried to explain and measure how new packaging can affect fruits losses directly or indirectly by influencing the scenarios at different levels of the supply chain. The lack of economic and logistic information about Food Losses (and specific data on this kind of fruits) in the Italian supply and distribution chain should open to new and more useful considerations

Le “nuage noir” des Tarterêts : spatialité et historicité dans les clips vidéo de PNL

Since 2015, the two brothers that constitute the rap duo PNL have had a strong influence on a generation of young rappers from their neighbourhood, les Tarterêts (Corbeil-Essonnes, 91, France). PNL and their team have been building, in their lyrics, instrumentals and music videos, a poetic of hopelessness, of the sour taste of their history, the history of the vanquished as coined Kundera. The breaking point that these works have brought forward within the French rap scene can be understood as an invitation to find out, within the very filmic forms of some audiovisual productions from rap cultures, a specific experience of space, time and history. In other words, to trace back the modalities of the “audio-logo-visual” (Chion) presence of a regime of historicity, based on a specific spatial practice.Arrivés en 2015 dans le paysage du rap français, les deux frères qui composent le duo PNL ont marqué une génération de rappeurs issus de leur quartier, les Tarterêts (Corbeil-Essonnes, 91). PNL et leur équipe construisent dans leurs textes,  musiques, leurs clips vidéo, une poétique du désespoir, de l’histoire amère, celle des vaincus chère à Kundera. La rupture amenée par ce discours peut s’entendre comme une invitation à retracer les modalités de présence “audio-logo-visuelle” (Chion) d’un régime d’historicité sur la base d’une pratique spatiale située, autrement dit de retrouver, dans et depuis les formes de certaines productions audiovisuelles issues des cultures du rap et qui s’attachent d’abord à la représentation des quartiers sensibles, une expérience spécifique de l’espace, du temps et de l’histoire

Rappresentare l’armatura culturale del territorio con QGIS: l’esperienza del PTRA della Franciacorta

Landscape features are the result of interrelated actions of man-and-nature and can provide ecosystem services that need to be protected. Since urban planning policies can impact negatively on the conservation of cultural ecosystem services, urban plans must map them and make provision for their protection. For the Plan of Franciacorta (22 municipalities in Lombardy), we chose QGIS to set up a geo-database and map cultural heritage information. QGIS can provide more flexibility than a typical map, thanks to its graphics tools. To plan the development of actions to protect the landscape and suggest a range of planning opportunities for municipalities, an integrated representation of the landscape and protected ecological elements can highlight some critical issues: municipal borders can prove an obstacle in the implementation of supra-municipal projects and protected areas can include enclaves potentially vulnerable to urban pressures. Such maps have proved useful in guiding the planning choices in the development of the landscape protection schemes. The geo-location of critical aspects has brought out a range of inter-municipal planning opportunities

Studio della fluidita dl leghe a base rame

Le leghe di rame sono spesso utilizzate nella produzione di getti o semilavorati con svariate composizioni per la versatilit\ue0 del processo di colata, che permette di utilizzare diverse tecniche e svariati materiali al fine di ottenere le caratteristiche desiderate. Tuttavia, nonostante questa tecnologia di produzione sia largamente utilizzata, non esiste ad oggi un test normato atto a determinarne i parametri ottimali e a prevenire eventuali difetti. Questo lavoro nasce dall'esigenza di mettere a punto un sistema di misura affidabile, che possa ambire a diventare uno standard di uso comune per la valutazione di un parametro fondamentale, come la col abilit\ue0, e che contribuisca allo studio dell\u2019influenza sia di fattori produttivi che di fattori chimici, come la presenza di elementi in lega in concentrazioni macro o micro (< 1%). La ricerca si focalizza sulla standardizzazione di un test di fluidit\ue0 che risponda alle esigenze scientifiche di precisione, sensibilit\ue0 e riproducibilit\ue0, mantenendo l\u2019aspetto pratico di semplicit\ue0 di realizzazione poich\ue9 possa essere di interesse per prove di fonderia

SLC6A14, a Pivotal Actor on Cancer Stage: When Function Meets Structure

SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) is a sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and dibasic amino acid transporter that regulates the distribution of amino acids across cell membranes. The transporter is overexpressed in many human cancers characterized by an increased demand for amino acids; as such, it was recently acknowledged as a novel target for cancer therapy. The knowledge on the molecular mechanism of SLC6A14 transport is still limited, but some elegant studies on related transporters report the involvement of the 12 transmembrane \u3b1-helices in the transport mechanism, and describe structural rearrangements mediated by electrostatic interactions with some pivotal gating residues. In the present work, we constructed a SLC6A14 model in outward-facing conformation via homology modeling and used molecular dynamics simulations to predict amino acid residues critical for substrate recognition and translocation. We docked the proteinogenic amino acids and other known substrates in the SLC6A14 binding site to study both gating regions and the exposed residues involved in transport. Interestingly, some of these residues correspond to those previously identified in other LeuT-fold transporters; however, we could also identify a novel relevant residue with such function. For the first time, by combined approaches of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we highlight the potential role of these residues in neutral amino acid transport. This novel information unravels new aspects of the human SLC6A14 structure-function relationship and may have important outcomes for cancer treatment through the design of novel inhibitors of SLC6A14-mediated transport

Novel Ethylene=Norbornene Copolymers as Nonreleasing Antioxidants for Food-Contact Polyolefinic Materials

An efficient procedure for the copolymerization of ethylene (E) with a novel norbornenic comonomer (NArOH) bearing a stabilizing moiety analogous to commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) is successfully developed. This study is aimed at: i) tuning the concentration of the stabilizing function along the polymer chain, and ii) preparing \u201cnonreleasing\u201d polymeric additives specifically destined to protect commercial low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Films obtained from blends of the novel E=NArOH copolymers with an antioxidant-free LDPE matrix are characterized by superior thermal, thermo-oxidative, and photostability when compared not only with neat LDPE films but also with films stabilized by the commercial BHT additive. Specific migration tests conducted in order to investigate the nonreleasing character of the novel macromolecular additives confirm the reduced risk of migration, from the films into food simulants, of unreacted comonomer or degradation products bearing the antioxidant moiety

"Delirium Day": A nationwide point prevalence study of delirium in older hospitalized patients using an easy standardized diagnostic tool

Background: To date, delirium prevalence in adult acute hospital populations has been estimated generally from pooled findings of single-center studies and/or among specific patient populations. Furthermore, the number of participants in these studies has not exceeded a few hundred. To overcome these limitations, we have determined, in a multicenter study, the prevalence of delirium over a single day among a large population of patients admitted to acute and rehabilitation hospital wards in Italy. Methods: This is a point prevalence study (called "Delirium Day") including 1867 older patients (aged 65 years or more) across 108 acute and 12 rehabilitation wards in Italian hospitals. Delirium was assessed on the same day in all patients using the 4AT, a validated and briefly administered tool which does not require training. We also collected data regarding motoric subtypes of delirium, functional and nutritional status, dementia, comorbidity, medications, feeding tubes, peripheral venous and urinary catheters, and physical restraints. Results: The mean sample age was 82.0 \ub1 7.5 years (58 % female). Overall, 429 patients (22.9 %) had delirium. Hypoactive was the commonest subtype (132/344 patients, 38.5 %), followed by mixed, hyperactive, and nonmotoric delirium. The prevalence was highest in Neurology (28.5 %) and Geriatrics (24.7 %), lowest in Rehabilitation (14.0 %), and intermediate in Orthopedic (20.6 %) and Internal Medicine wards (21.4 %). In a multivariable logistic regression, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.05), Activities of Daily Living dependence (OR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.12-1.27), dementia (OR 3.25, 95 % CI 2.41-4.38), malnutrition (OR 2.01, 95 % CI 1.29-3.14), and use of antipsychotics (OR 2.03, 95 % CI 1.45-2.82), feeding tubes (OR 2.51, 95 % CI 1.11-5.66), peripheral venous catheters (OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.06-1.87), urinary catheters (OR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.30-2.29), and physical restraints (OR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.40-2.40) were associated with delirium. Admission to Neurology wards was also associated with delirium (OR 2.00, 95 % CI 1.29-3.14), while admission to other settings was not. Conclusions: Delirium occurred in more than one out of five patients in acute and rehabilitation hospital wards. Prevalence was highest in Neurology and lowest in Rehabilitation divisions. The "Delirium Day" project might become a useful method to assess delirium across hospital settings and a benchmarking platform for future surveys